"New weapons" on the Western Front. “The Satanic Host” is chasing American pilots. - Testing "Fau" under control. “Flying saucers” were born. - US atomic laboratories are a priority. - The first victim of the "plates". - “Russian factor” hypnosis. - Forrestal throws himself from a skyscraper. - A different beginning invaded our lives. “The Condon Commission has been ordered to hide the secret. - A lie at the cost of half a million. - Menzel refutes Einstein by referring to UFOs.
Even during the Second World War, unusual aircraft were seen in some parts of the world. In February 1942, US President Roosevelt received a memorandum from General Marshall, which stated that the 37th Air Defense Brigade had fired on "unidentified aircraft" near Los Angeles. 1430 shells were expended, but none of the "planes" was shot down, not a single bomb was dropped on the Americans, and the photographs showed disc-shaped bodies being fired at.
On December 14, 1944, The New York Times announced the arrival of "new weapons" on the Western Front. US Air Force pilots encountered "silvery spheres" over German territory, which were deployed in groups or singly. It is not clear how these "star-like" balloons were kept in the air, what their purpose was, but they often accompanied American planes in their flights over Germany, however, without approaching them closer than 30 meters. Sometimes they described circles around them. The same phenomena were noted during the US military operations against Japan. Objects ranging in size from several inches to two meters were dubbed by the pilots "fu-fighters" (ghostly or satanic army).
In October 1943, a series of silvery discs with a diameter of about 10 centimeters were noticed during the raid on Schweinfurt. One of the bombers passed through the dense group of these disks, hitting them with its right wing. He received no damage.
On March 6, 1942, after a raid on Essen, an English bomber was pursued over the Südersee from the direction of a bright orange ball. The shooters opened fire on him from a distance of 150 meters, but this did not give any results. After a while, the object disappeared at great speed.
Over Germany, in the Hagenau area, in December 1944, two large orange balloons began to pursue a British night fighter. The pilot began to sharply change course and manner of flight, but the pursuers exactly followed his maneuvers. After two minutes of chase, they fell behind and disappeared.
On January 2, 1945, the same "New York Times" announced the appearance of similar objects over France. Moreover, according to the pilot Myers, his plane was "pursued", but not injured. In November 1944, pilots of the 415th squadron of American night bombers, based in England, while flying over France, saw 10 glowing disks moving in one line at incredible speed.
The appearance of obscure objects alarmed the warring parties. General Eisenhower, in an order dated 23 December 1944, called the "mysterious floating balls" the secret weapon of the Germans. And the Germans, in turn, considered them an American military novelty. The first acquaintance of German pilots with incomprehensible technology took place in 1942 at the Peenemünde test site, where the V-1 and V-2 missiles were tested, which were later used for bombing England. In March 1942, the Messerschmitt-109 fighter was raised in Norway to intercept an unknown object approaching a German airfield. The pilot reported that he saw a cigar-shaped body about 100 meters long, 15 meters in diameter, without identification marks, but with visible antennas. Noticing the German plane, the object took off sharply and disappeared.
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In September 1944, the first German Me-262 jet was tested. At an altitude of 12 kilometers, the pilot saw a huge object with a number of holes and antennas. The object flew away at a speed of 2 thousand kilometers per hour, as the pilot reported to the Rechlin experimental center.
German anti-aircraft gunners fired at a similar object over Poland. They recorded hits, but did not see the results. The object increased its speed from 2 to 5 thousand kilometers per hour and flew away.
To track such objects in the Luftwaffe, a secret group was created. It existed before the surrender of Germany.
Since 1946, "guests" are increasingly seen in the West of the United States, over the states of Idaho, Oregon, Nevada and Alabama. They also appear over military bases in Northern Europe. In the United States, they flew over the atomic weapons laboratories in Los Alamos, Oak Ridge, Hanford, the White Sands missile launch center at an altitude of 90 kilometers (!) Next to the newly launched missiles.
They were noticed not only by the military. On June 14, 1947, American businessman Arnold Kenneth, president of a fire-fighting equipment firm in Boise, Idaho, flew over the Rocky Mountains to Yakima and noticed nine silent objects. According to him, during the flight, they jumped like stones thrown on water. "I watched them for two or three minutes and noticed that they looked like saucers with a smooth surface and reflected the sun like mirrors." Scientists began to look for plausible explanations for this phenomenon. Dr. Alain Hynek, one of the leading experts in the United States on such phenomena, then thought that the businessman might have seen a squadron of some aircraft. And Professor Monrow believed that these were masses of snow blown off the mountains by a strong wind.
One way or another, the expressions "saucers", "plates" from that time began their circulation.
The military who studied the phenomenon were more categorical. Lieutenant General N. Twining, Chief of the US Air Force Logistics Directorate, in response to a command request, put it this way:
“A) the phenomena are real and are not the result of hallucinations …
D) the characteristics noted: very fast flight, high maneuverability, disappearance when observers appear, their behavior when airplanes try to approach them or when detected by radar suggest that some of the objects are controlled manually, automatically or from a distance."
On the basis of this conclusion, US Secretary of Defense Forrestal signed an order to create a group to study the phenomenon under the code designation "Project Sign". The group concluded in 1948 that the unidentified vehicles were not Soviet aircraft, as initially assumed, but most likely they were of extraterrestrial origin.
The Pentagon was satisfied with the first conclusion, but, apparently, was frightened by the second and … disbanded the group.
Her report included the case of Captain Mantel, who in January 1948, while patrolling near Fort Knox, where the US gold reserve is stored, tried to intercept an unknown object on his fighter, which, according to his colleagues in the aircraft link, had the appearance of "a huge drop of metal." The captain went into pursuit and his plane disappeared from the radar screen. Later, parts of the fighter were found scattered over many kilometers. The very same mysterious object was seen unscathed further along the line of its route over the military base Godman.
They could not explain the death of the pilot, although they tried. One of the fantastic explanations, for example, sounded like this: the pilot allegedly pursued … Venus! By the way, Venus was "attributed" to many observers of phenomena like this, even when Venus was not on the horizon at all. The pilots' impressions were also explained by the "false sun" effect, but this was already a deliberate misleading. Meanwhile, projects for studying anomalous objects followed one after another with enviable constancy. Alain Hynek, scientific consultant of the Znak project, lists their code names: Discontent, Flicker, Vindictiveness, Bear (a hint of the Russians) and the most extensive project, The Blue Book, which lasted until 1969 …
The closed nature of these projects is understandable if we take into account that for a long time the "Russian factor" was not excluded from the research. And every massive appearance of "saucers" that could not somehow be stopped or forced to land, was accompanied by the assumption that the Soviets had mastered a new incredibly effective type of weapon. The fact that in the USSR shortly after the war, contrary to the assumptions of American specialists, the production of atomic and hydrogen bombs was quickly mastered, that it was here, and not in the United States, that intercontinental ballistic missiles were produced and this technology allowed the Soviet Union to be the first to put a man into space, fueled the hypothesis of the "Russian factor". The suicide of US Secretary of Defense Forrestal in the summer of 1949 was also associated with the impact of this hypothesis. He seemed to have thrown himself out of a skyscraper window shouting "Russians!"
Nevertheless, suspicions about the former ally in the anti-fascist coalition soon disappeared. According to all possible and impossible data, Moscow had nothing of the kind. However, the "plates", "balls", "cigars", "bagels" meanwhile did not disappear and continued to perform such breathtaking pirouettes in the sky that no earthly technology, not to mention the pilots, could not withstand such overloads. UFOs at full speed made turns at right angles or fluttered like butterflies, but at gigantic speeds. In some cases, it was difficult to grasp any direct military purpose of the appearance of the aliens and the logic of their movements. It remained to cover the problem with the pseudonym UFO (Unidentified Flying Objects - unidentified flying objects). This is where the term "ufology" originated, which has taken root in international practice and is loved by our fans of expressing themselves in foreign countries.
However, the competent public in the United States - representatives of intelligence, scientists, specialists of the military-industrial complex - nevertheless had to solve an extremely important problem. There was a factor of the invasion of earthly life by some other beginning. It was necessary to comprehend, if its extraterrestrial origin was confirmed, all aspects of the new phenomenon, its strategic and other consequences. Questions arose, one more alarming than the other: what forces dared to violate the borders of the Earth and are they not plotting the conquest of our planet?
Perhaps, some insidious considerations also appeared: could it be possible, secretly from the rest of the world, to enter into contact with "them"? And, if it succeeds, to borrow something from their incredible technology, to find out how they elude the radars (and for the most part the radars turned out to be powerless against them), how do they develop speeds close to space and even exceed them? This could be useful for strengthening the power of the United States at a time when there were actively developing plans for an atomic attack on the USSR, plans for Armageddon, a decisive battle against the source of evil, which the Soviet Union was considered to be.
At the end of 1945, the "Toteliti" plan was drawn up, according to which it was planned to drop 20 atomic bombs on 17 largest cities of the Soviet Union - practically everything that was created at that time by US nuclear plants. The next year, the second plan was born - "Pincher" ("Pincers"), and the Soviet Union was already assigned 50 atomic bombs to incinerate 50 cities. The next plan "Sizzle" was called "Incinerating strike": 133 bombs were to fall on 48 cities of our country! As you can see, by the time the third plan was developed, the industrial capabilities of American nuclear plants had increased. Plan "Dropshot" - "Instant Strike", which was planned to be inflicted in early 1950, January 1! - provided for the destruction of 200 Soviet cities, that is, all central and regional centers, as well as many smaller cities. After this strike incapacitated 85% of the Soviet economic potential, the USSR was to occupy 160 divisions of the United States and its allies. And finally, the main plan of the war assumed the use of 600 to 750 atomic bombs and the elimination of not only the formation, but also the nation. He was stopped only by the appearance of its atomic weapon in the USSR, and then a hydrogen bomb. But the confrontation continued, the United States was drawn into a crazy arms race, and the Soviet Union, exhausted by World War II, also gave a significant part of its national product to arms. This and only this restrained the Pentagon in its plans, which nevertheless improved from year to year. A breakthrough by one of the warring parties to unearthly technology would give it an unheard-of advantage in the arms race and military preparations and could, as the United States believed, become a guarantee of victory.
On November 4, 1952, Harry Truman's decree created the National Security Intelligence Agency, much less well known than the CIA. According to some American ufologists, one of the goals of the NSA was to decipher the communications of aliens, their language, and an attempt to establish contact with them (the Sigma plan, adopted in 1954). In November 1953, Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961) was elected President of the United States, and he took over the leadership of UFO research. The former CIA Director, Admiral Roscoe G. Hillencotter, who began the research, has submitted documents to the President on UFO crashes since 1947. The new president faced the same problem - to make these facts public or to remain silent.
In any case, the risk was great. Abnormal from the point of view of ordinary citizens and recurring phenomena could give rise to the population's opinion about the powerlessness of the government, its inability to cope with the threat from outside and control the situation. They could well have caused panic among the Americans, who in their own territory since the time of British rule, in fact, have never been attacked. And, in addition, psychological and ideological problems arose, stemming from the effect of perceiving that unusual, inexplicable, before which all available knowledge and experience gave way. This, in turn, could affect the confidence of the nation, the stability of the economy, finances, incomes, the dollar, which used to fall in value for lesser reasons.
Therefore, they decided to reliably mask the secret goals of the government. How? Lies. This line was followed after Eisenhower.
On October 7, 1966, at the end of two turbulent years, when cymbal “appearances” became especially regular, a commission of renowned scientists began working at the University of Colorado. It was intended to replace all sorts of groups such as "Bear", which turned out to be weak in comparison with the scale of the problems encountered. The new commission operated on a contractual basis between the university and the US Air Force.
According to the terms of the agreement, "the work had to be carried out in conditions of absolute objectivity on the part of the investigators, who, as far as possible, should not have a prejudiced opinion about UFOs."
The degree of "impartiality" was best evidenced by the statement of the head of the commission, Dr. Edward Condon, a famous nuclear scientist. The commission, he said, "has very little chance of discovering the existence of these objects, which I consider to be pure hallucinations."
The commission included the well-known organizer of work on the creation of the atomic bomb in the United States, R. Oppenheimer, astrophysicist D. Menzel, specialist in magnetism and the ionosphere L. Berkner, the already mentioned astronomer A. Hynek, as well as a number of CIA workers. It was they who directed the work of the commission in accordance with government instructions.
What were these instructions? In a secret memorandum from Dr. Robert Lowe, secretary of the said commission, it was said: “Our research should lead to a body of evidence by which it is necessary to explain in an impressive way the unreality of UFO sightings. The trick is to have the project drafted in a form that would appear to the general public as objective research and to scientists as the conclusions of a group of skeptics who honestly strive to be objective but have no real hope of finding definitive evidence.” That is, a deliberate falsification was required!
In parallel, the so-called "Robertson Jury", which also included four people from the CIA, was entrusted with conducting research. On January 14-17, 1953, the CIA held a Scientific Advisory Meeting on Unidentified Flying Objects in Washington DC. Among the participants was Dr. Howard P. Robertson himself, a professor at the California Institute of Technology, an expert in cosmology and the theory of relativity. As a CIA officer, he also headed the Department of Defense's weapons assessment division. Another prominent contributor was Dr. Luis V. Alvarez, a physicist who worked on radar and the atomic bomb. In 1968 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. The jury included Samuel A. Goodsmith, one of the founders of theoretical physics. In post-war Europe, he conducted an operation to collect the scientific secrets of the Third Reich and, along with secret documents, brought leading German weapons specialists to the United States. Among the members of the commission was an astronomer - Dr. Thornton Page, also associated with the military-industrial complex, since he collaborated with the artillery laboratory of the naval forces. Another participant - Lloyd W. Berkner during the war held positions of responsibility in the research centers of the Pentagon.
Among the associate members of the Robertson commission were the scientific consultant of the Blue Book project (it was also called the Blue Book, the project is dedicated to the study of UFOs) A. Hynek, missile specialist F. Durand, the new CIA director Allen Dulles, the head of the Blue Book project E. Ruppelt, M. Chadwell, chief of the CIA research department, A. Chop, who oversaw UFO issues in the Pentagon press center, Air Force intelligence chiefs General W. Garland, Colonels W. Smith and W. Adams.
The commission was asked to review the documents and photographs selected by the CIA and choose one of three solutions:
1. Reports of UFOs can be explained by natural phenomena or objects of terrestrial origin, and the investigation can be stopped.
2. The reports do not allow for a final decision. The Blue Book project will continue its research.
3. UFO - spacecraft.
The final report indicated that UFOs do not pose an immediate threat to US security and there is no evidence of their extraterrestrial origin. At the same time, it was recommended that civilians should be denied access to the information available to the Air Force, while explaining that the observations that took place could receive “usual” explanations. It was recommended to "fill the communication channels with non-existent messages" in order to cause a wave of skepticism towards such messages. Not without the recommendations of Robertson's bureau, a large number of cartoons were launched in the American film and television distribution, in which aliens acted in order to reduce the matter to a kind of fad, a fashion that captured the public.
After considering the results of the meetings of the Bureau in the highest instances of the CIA and the Pentagon, it was decided to strengthen control over the preservation of all important UFO reports in secret. From this it followed that UFOs really exist and that this is very important for the security of the United States and the West in general. This was evidenced by the order of the Supreme Commander of the NATO Armed Forces, American General Norsted, to all NATO air forces to closely monitor UFOs, if possible, photograph them and conduct radar tracking. The order was issued in 1959.
The Robertson Bureau's research was intended to bolster the efforts of the Condon Commission. As D. MacDonald, dean of the American Institute for the Study of Atmospheric Physics, stated later, "the reports that the bureau gave in the press were a screen for concealing the secret recommendation of the CIA to systematically underestimate UFOs in order to reduce public interest in this phenomenon." As luck would have it, 1967, in which this announcement was made, was the year of massive UFO sightings.
On January 1, 1969, the Condon Commission prepared its report. It cost the Americans $ 523,000 and was 1,500 pages long. The conclusion was categorical: UFOs do not exist. Eyewitnesses of certain phenomena, according to venerable scientists, were misled by atmospheric electricity, meteorological phenomena, finally, became victims of their own hallucinations. The members of the commission, Dr. D. Sanders, professor of psychology at the University of Colorado, as well as the already mentioned Dr. D. MacDonald, did not agree with the conclusions of the commission and were removed from its membership.
Dr. Sanders explained the behavior of E. Condon by the fact that he was a "politician in science", in other words, he manipulated conclusions to meet the demands of politicians. It is curious that even before the publication of the commission's report, it was decided (December 1968) that the US Air Force stop studying the phenomenon, since UFOs allegedly do not threaten national security. The paradox was that the UFOs themselves were declared non-existent at the same time! Ten influential scientists on the commission, however, spoke in favor of continuing the research. Only Donald Menzel turned out to be against it, because before that he had written a special work stating that UFOs do not exist, moreover, he also declared that all this is stupidity!
The atmosphere in which the commission worked is evidenced by the fact that out of 15 thousand observations it analyzed less than 100! The members of the commission did not notice that in a number of cases analyzed (No. 2 and No. 46) there was a belief that the observers were really dealing with UFOs! Of course, one could refer to Menzel's custom brochure (it was published in our country in 1962), but what was its actual price? Menzel himself, in one of his works, expressed the opinion that Einstein's theory of the limits of the speed of light as maximum for the Universe is valid only for "quiet systems" like the Sun. But magnetic disks rotating around their axis are capable of generating speeds exceeding the speed of light! And he came to this conclusion, according to him, by studying UFOs! Therefore, UFOs still existed for him. Until his death, Menzel never clarified this contradiction. He died in 1977.
A. Hynek and a number of other scientists created their own institute for the study of UFOs in opposition to the Condon commission. Scientists were thus divided into those who did not consider the problem closed, and those who struggled to close it. The shadow of government forces loomed behind the latter.
Former head of Project Blue Book Edward Rappelt later claimed that the CIA forced the Air Force to discredit UFO eyewitnesses, among whom were the Air Force pilots. Characteristically, the Air Force command refused in April 1952 to give explanations to the Minister of the Navy, Daniel Kimball, who personally saw the flight of two disc-shaped UFOs over the Hawaiian Islands. When Kimball wanted to involve his ministry's intelligence in the investigation, the CIA got him fired.
In this regard, an employee of the Canadian Department of Transportation, Wilbert Smith, an expert on geomagnetism, who visited Washington in the early 50s, in a memo noted that the problem of "flying saucers" in terms of the level of secrecy in the US government is higher than information about the hydrogen bomb.
After the massive appearance of "saucers" over Washington in 1952, the CIA's scientific intelligence department prepared a secret memorandum in which it pointed out the importance of the problem for US national security and the desirability of intercepting UFOs. He recommended that this problem be considered at the US National Security Council, pointing out the need to hide it from the public, but to use it for psychological warfare with the USSR. It was proposed that the CIA find out the level of knowledge in the USSR on the problem of "flying saucers", the reasons for the silence of this phenomenon in the Soviet press (is it connected with the fact that the Russians are using the data they have to improve their weapons?). Based on these recommendations, President Truman created the National Security Agency by his secret decree on November 4, 1952,whose tasks included obtaining information about UFOs and finding out what danger they could pose to the United States.
According to some reports, before his death, in 1976, E. Condon admitted that the CIA forced his commission to draw conclusions contrary to the facts.
"UFO. They are already here … ", Lolly Zamoyski