Once the researcher adopts the pole shift hypothesis, several questions immediately arise before him:
- Where were the last North and South Poles, how did the equator pass?
- How did the transfer take place, what consequences did it have?
- When did it happen?
This part of the Pole Shift series is about finding the answer to the first question.
The previous introductory part of the series is devoted to the popular presentation of the physical foundations of the Pole Shift. Physics of the Process.
Predecessor versions
The topic of a large-scale planetary catastrophe is not new for a long time. The Bible's Flood is the best-known evidence. But we are interested not so much in legends or myths as in more or less scientific versions that can lead us to the reconstruction of the event.
From the author's point of view, two versions deserve the most attention:
1. In his book "The Myth of the Flood: Calculations and Reality", a researcher of ancient civilizations, the founder of the "Laboratory of Alternative History" project, Andrey Sklyarov outlined his own idea of the causes and consequences of the Flood. He put forward the assumption that the cause of the disaster was the fall of a huge meteorite. The consequence of such a blow, in his opinion, was the "slipping" of the earth's crust around the center of mass and a change in the position of the poles (for an observer on the surface of the globe). In the picture, we see his version of the position of the North Pole before the disaster.
Promotional video:
2. Another researcher, known under the Internet nickname Memocode, in a series of publications under the general title "Change of poles or everyday life of the planet Earth" proposed a beautiful theory describing a periodic pole shift along a zigzag path. As we can see in the figure, he believed that the last North Pole was geographically located in the region of Nebraska, and the last one in the region of Greenland.
The greatest charm of this version was given by the predictive power of the theory. It was this merit that drew attention to what Memocode was setting out, and determined the interest of the author of these lines to this topic.
But a careful examination of the facts on the basis of which such an elegant theory was built cast doubt on its conclusions. The positions of the past poles were determined, to put it mildly, with strong strains, the sequence of moving the pole from position to position was not confirmed by paleo-climatic data.
Nevertheless, the author is grateful to the researcher under the nickname Memocode for the enormous work done in collecting material, analyzing it and popularizing research in this direction. To develop his theory, Memocode used the method of determining the position of the past pole, based on the analysis of the orientation of ancient temples, pyramids, and architectural structures. This required the construction of axial guides for these objects. The memo code demonstrated how to do this using the Google Earth program.
Below in the article will be presented visual materials obtained using this program.
Further, the author gives arguments in favor of the first version, determines the position of the past pole and illustrates this choice with maps and diagrams.
Soil zones point to Greenland
The fact that Greenland is indicated by many researchers as the location of the past pole is not surprising. Back in 1899, the Russian scientist Dokuchaev published the result of a study of the soils of the Northern Hemisphere. The soils were systematized and divided into zones based on their chemical composition.
The distribution of soil zones clearly indicated that soils of the same type are located in stripes along certain parallels. This meant that the formation of soils directly depended on the amount of solar heat, which, in turn, depended on geographic latitude. It turned out that soils of the same type were formed under conditions of the same distance from the North Pole.
Even with a cursory glance at the map, it is easy to see that the soils of the Arctic zone easily fit into two circles - one centered on the present pole, the other centered on the Greenland region. It is slightly less noticeable that the forest zone is subject to the same spatial feature.
This fact indicates that the pole was once in Greenland, and the formation of soil zones took place in accordance with a different geographic location.
Vintage maps
The assumption that the last pole shift occurred in historical (and even relatively recent) time raises the question of the existence of maps depicting the old "antediluvian" geography of the Earth. The author must admit that his modest efforts did not lead to finding such cards or even one card on the digital expanses of the Web.
More precisely, out of about a hundred old maps, not a single one has been found where a different equator would be uniquely depicted than the modern one. And this fact can have two explanations: one is simple - the past pole was so long ago that at that time no maps of the world had yet been created, the second, conspiracy - there are maps, but they are hidden from the general public. And what is widely available on the Web - albeit with some stretch, but fits into the framework of the usual (traditional) history.
Below is an example of an "old map". The position of the equator is modern. But the geography of the continents, the outlines of the coastline of the seas and large bodies of water are very far from what we are used to. The map focuses on ocean currents. It can be assumed that this is the fruit of the study by sailors of the state of the post-Flood world and what new sea currents formed as a result of the restructuring of the planet.
The outlines of the continents, most likely, have not yet been thoroughly studied at the time of compilation of the map, and their geography has been partially copied from old, antediluvian maps.
Here's another one. Waldseemüller's map of 1507 (the dating is controversial, but more on this in one of the following parts of the Pole Shift series).
Here, too, the equator is in the right place. And while the coastline of the Indian Ocean is simply not familiar to the modern geographer. Well, look at the Caspian too, completely different outlines.
And here is a later map of the Caspian Sea, North on the left. The outlines are changing, gradually approaching the present state. Dries up, dividing into the Caspian and Aral seas?
Below is one of the most mysterious old maps - "Hyperborea - Daariya" from the cartographer Mercator. She is often mentioned on the Web in publications related to the themes of a large-scale catastrophe, ancient civilizations, historical paradoxes.
The North Pole, a kind of "center of the world", is located on the top of a mythological mountain surrounded by a lake to which 4 rivers lead. The meridians, as expected, diverge in all directions and coincide with modern ones. The coastline of Eurasia also roughly corresponds to the current one.
Is it possible that the pole is depicted on the Mercator chart as it was before the Flood (pole shift)?
In the author's opinion, this issue is well considered in the article "Daariya, aka Arctida, Hyperborea", written based on Valery Uvarov's book "PYRAMIDS". Below is an illustration for this article.
The author of this article compares the current state of circumpolar geography with that on the Mercator map.
Here is a quote from the article:
Comparison of coastline features of northeastern British America and the Labrador Peninsula with the Mercator map. 1. Bank Flemish Cap. 2. Great Newfoundland Bank. 3. Cape, now under water in the Bay of Maine. 4. Cape, which is now under water in the area between the peninsula of St. Charles and Goose Bay. 5. Cape and part of the coastline of the former outlines of the Labrador Peninsula in the area of Cape Chidley, beyond which the Hudson Strait begins.
Another quote:
It is difficult to say whether Mercator really made distortions out of “ignorance” or the task of this map was to distort information, hide the change in the position of the North Pole … It is important that a meticulous researcher managed to solve its riddle and clearly illustrate this.
As follows from the reconstruction, the last pole was in the area of the western coast of Greenland. And this is in good agreement with the position pointed out by Sklyarov and with the map of soil zones.
Architectural objects as pointers
Another approach to positioning the past pole turned out to be very effective. This approach is based on the orientation of architectural objects to the cardinal points. The common practice of building churches, temples, places of worship and public buildings is that they are built taking into account the position of the sun on certain days (autumn and spring equinox, summer and winter solstice). In order to most effectively illuminate the altar or other important parts of the architectural composition with sunlight, the architect needs to arrange the building in a strictly defined way. As a rule, the construction plan is clearly related to the position of the cardinal points.
Accordingly, if the pole was previously in a different place, then the orientation of a significant part of the ancient structures should correspond to the old, "antediluvian" directions to the cardinal points.
Today the modern researcher has a very convenient tool - the computer program "Google Earth" (Google - planet Earth). It allows you to trace how the centerlines of the temples are directed, extending them along the "ball" as much as necessary. The accuracy is very high, especially for distances of tens of thousands of kilometers.
The author selected several dozen ancient architectural objects and built their center lines extending them to the island of Greenland. For better clarity, objects are divided into groups. Each group is arranged as one picture. Each picture has an overview slide showing the North Pole in its current state and past position, near Greenland. The position of the past pole was determined by the author as a result of the analysis of all center lines of the proposed sample.
First group of objects
1. Pyramids of Tazumal, El Salvador
Coordinates: 13 ° 58'45.95 "N 89 ° 40'28.80" W
2. Palenque, Mexico
Coordinates: 17 ° 29'4.73 "N 92 ° 2'41.46" W
3. Teotihuacan, Mexico
Coordinates: 19 ° 41'27.09 "N 98 ° 50'38.87" W
4. Pyramids of Xochicalco, Mexico Coordinates: 18 ° 48'12.66 "N 99 ° 17'51.62" W
5. Caunos Temple, Turkey
Coordinates: 36 ° 49'35.70 " N 28 ° 37'17.11 "E
6. Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel, Lomonosov near St. Petersburg
Coordinates: 59 ° 54'57.59" N 29 ° 45'57.50 "E
7. Meenakshi Temple, India
Coordinates: 9 ° 55'10.15" N 78 ° 7'10.28 "E
8. Ulugbek Observatory, Samarkand
Coordinates: 39 ° 40'29.20" N 67 ° 0'20.53 "E
Second group of objects
1. Pyramids of Kinich Kak Moo, Isamal, Mexico
Coordinates: 20 ° 56'14.73 "N 89 ° 0'59.25" W
2. Pyramids of Tikal
Coordinates: 17 ° 13'22.38 "N 89 ° 37'20.46" W
3. Caracol, Guatemala
Coordinates: 16 ° 45'42.51 "N 89 ° 7'14.93" W
4. Pyramids of El Tahin, Mexico
Coordinates: 20 ° 26'51.17 "N 97 ° 22'39.28" W
5. Mikhailovskaya Square, Kiev
Coordinates: 50 ° 27'12.88 "N 30 ° 30'59.41" E
6. Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Bersenevka
Coordinates: 55 ° 44'37.57 "N 37 ° 36'38.44" E
7. Armenian Church of Surb Gevorg, Tbilisi
Coordinates: 47 ° 21'21.51 "N 39 ° 35'3.89" E
8. Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Petersburg
Coordinates: 59 ° 56'0.77 "N 30 ° 16'32.12" E
The third group of objects
1. Pyramids Ek-Balam, Yucatan, Mexico
Coordinates: 20 ° 53'27.97 "N 88 ° 8'9.62" W
2. Cathedral in the Suzdal Kremlin
Coordinates: 56 ° 26'0.09 "N 40 ° 26'22.32" E
3. Pyramids of Barabar Caves, Bihar 804405, India
Coordinates: 25 ° 0'42.81 "N 85 ° 2'56.22" E
4. Trinity Cathedral, Solikamsk, Perm Territory
Coordinates: 59 ° 39'0.42 "N 56 ° 46'19.47" E
5. Church of St. Otmar, Vienna, Austria
Coordinates: 48 ° 12'34.97 "N 16 ° 23'27.14" E
6. Sophia Cathedral, Kiev
Coordinates: 50 ° 27'10.35 "N 30 ° 30'51.43" E
7. Isaac's Cathedral, Petersburg
Coordinates: 59 ° 56'2.33 "N 30 ° 18'21.48" E
8. Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, Vladimir
Coordinates: 56 ° 11'46.68 "N 40 ° 33'41.68" E
The fourth group of objects
1. Bogolyubsky Cathedral, Bogolyubsky monastery, Vladimir region
Coordinates: 56 ° 11'45.89 "N 40 ° 32'10.20" E
2. Pyramid of Koh Ker, Cambodia
Coordinates: 13 ° 46'56.65 "N 104 ° 32'13.15" E
3. Pyramid in Shanxi, China
Coordinates: 34 ° 20'17.51 "N 108 ° 34'10.08" E
4. Mosque Atik Ali Pasha Mosque, Istanbul
Coordinates: 41 ° 0'30.18 "N 28 ° 58'14.74" E
5. Temple in Chersonesos, Sevastopol, Crimea
Coordinates: 44 ° 36'37.09 "N 33 ° 29'32.10" E
6. Baalbek, Lebanon
Coordinates: 34 ° 0'23.30 "N 36 ° 12'16.32" E
7. Izborskaya church, Pskov region
Coordinates: 57 ° 42'36.07 "N 27 ° 51'42.43" E
8. St. Basil's Cathedral, Moscow
Coordinates: 55 ° 45'9.22 "N 37 ° 37'23.35" E
Fifth group of objects
1. Learn Cusco, Peru
Coordinates: 13 ° 21'59.37 "S 71 ° 56'44.59" W
2. Cathedral of St. Mark, Venice, Italy
Coordinates: 45 ° 26'2.95 "N 12 ° 20'24.24" E
3. Temple of Mithra, Garni, Armenia
Coordinates: 40 ° 6'45.00 "N 44 ° 43'50.93" E
4. Shopping area in Warsaw
Coordinates: 52 ° 14'59.00 "N 21 ° 0'44.07" E
5. Church of Hyacinth, Vyborg
Coordinates: 60 ° 42'56.34 "N 28 ° 43'46.76" E
6. Persepolis, Iran
Coordinates: 29 ° 56'4.36 "N 52 ° 53'25.78" E
7. Alexandrian pillar, Petersburg
Coordinates: 59 ° 56'17.57 "N 30 ° 19'1.33" E
8. Cathedral, Berlin
Coordinates: 52 ° 31'10.41 "N 13 ° 24'2.24" E
Sixth group of objects
1. Basilica Reale San Francesco di Paola, Naples, Italy
Coordinates: 40 ° 50'6.75 "N 14 ° 14'47.34" E
2. Church of St. John, Brno, Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49 ° 11'39.44 "N 16 ° 36'40.15" E
3. Cathedral of St. Jadwiga, Berlin
Coordinates: 52 ° 30'58.71 "N 13 ° 23'44.39" E
4. Castle on Borgholm Island, Sweden
Coordinates: 56 ° 52'13.12 "N 16 ° 38'45.31" E
5. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, Chernigov
Coordinates: 51 ° 29'21.22 "N 31 ° 18'28.57" E
6. Bell tower of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior, Ostashkov, Tver region
Coordinates: 57 ° 9'20.36 "N 33 ° 6'2.38" E
7. Kaaba Zoroaster, Iran
Coordinates: 29 ° 59'17.28 "N 52 ° 52'26.26" E
8. Citadel Naryn-Kala, Derbent, Dagestan
Coordinates: 42 ° 3'11.51 "N 48 ° 16'29.04" E
As we can see from the presented figures, the position of the past pole in the area of the western coast of Greenland (modern coordinates 69 ° 31'2.56 "N 57 ° 45'21.48" W) is determined quite accurately.
The reader may be confused by the fact that some architectural objects (St. Isaac's Cathedral, the Alexandrian Column) are called “ancient”. The dates of their construction are known and their orientation to the past pole seems to be a historical paradox. The author expects to remove these contradictions in one of the next parts of the cycle "Pole Shift", which will consider the issues of dating the event of the pole shift and related history revision.
How the method of determining cardinal points affects the accuracy of object orientation
Before the widespread use of the compass, there was only one way to determine the cardinal points - BY THE SUN. As you know, exactly in the east the sun rises only on the day of the vernal or autumnal equinox. And, accordingly, only on this day does it sit exactly in the west. These days the angle between these directions is exactly 180 degrees. On other days, the angle between the direction of sunrise and the direction of sunset is less (sometimes significantly) than 180 degrees.
When the ancient builder marked out the construction site, he willy-nilly had to determine two directions, from which, in the future, all the geometry of the marking was built. One direction for sunrise, the other for sunset. The angle that formed these directions was divided by the bisector in half. The bisector line quite accurately determined the North-South direction.
Errors in this method could have crept in at the stage of determining the moment of sunrise ("the solar disk has just appeared", "the disk has risen by half", "the solar disk has become fully visible"), and at the stage of sunset, and due to meteorological conditions - haze "and the like … Errors in determining the direction could easily be 5-6 degrees. If from the east or west the construction site was surrounded by mountains, then the moment the sun came out from behind the mountains or the moment of sunset could be determined with a significant delay relative to the situation if the construction site was on the plain. This also distorted the measurement results.
This can explain the noticeable scatter of centerlines from architectural objects. If, of course, they were built before the era of the compass.
The use of a compass allowed builders to make site markings faster and easier. There was no need to determine the directions for sunrise and sunset, the magnetic needle showed the direction to the north MAGNETIC pole. For some time, the builders neglected the fact that the directions to the North Geographic Pole and the North Magnetic Pole are not the same. These poles were quite close in location and for the territory of Europe the differences in directions were insignificant for some time. Therefore, the compass began to be widely used for these purposes.
But the magnetic pole, as we know, does not stand still. It is gradually shifting relative to the surface of the Earth.
The picture on the left shows the positions of the magnetic pole since 1831.
As soon as the compass began to be widely used in construction markings, the orientation of the architectural objects under construction began to "follow" its position.
As a result, many structures built with a difference of 20-30 years began to give a kind of fan of axial lines. The figure below shows the direction of the center lines of architectural structures in the city of Moscow. They are aimed at the position of the magnetic North Pole, but have a small spread, a "fan".
Realizing that the discrepancy between the position of the geographic pole and the magnetic pole introduces significant distortions in determining the cardinal points, geographers have introduced a special corrective correction - magnetic declination.
This correction was determined for a certain set of points on the earth's surface, generalized the data in the form of special maps, and then used in navigation and orientation on the earth's surface. Magnetic declination maps, as an addition to the compass, made it possible to determine the cardinal points much more accurately. This was reflected in the orientation of architectural objects.
The blogger wakeuphuman published an interesting drawing in one of his articles, in which the map of 1648 is superimposed on the modern map of Ukraine. He suggested that the old map was oriented towards the old geographic pole.
A check using the Google Earth program showed that for the old geographic pole the map rotation angle is insufficient, but it coincides well with the direction to the old position of the MAGNETIC pole (position 1831).
A very large amount of research on the topic of Pole Shift, including the orientation of various architectural objects, was carried out by the blogger rodline. In one of his articles, he explores the direction of the orientation of the temples of the Perm region. In the picture below, we can see that the directions of the axial lines of these objects go in the form of three beams.
Rodline gives his own interpretation of this fact. He is a supporter of the Memocode version and believes that these are directions to the geographic poles in the past and present state. A green bundle to a pole in Greenland (according to the Memocode version of the year before), a red bundle to a pole in Nebraska (according to Memocode, the past) and a white bundle to the modern pole.
This interpretation seems to the author of these lines somewhat unrealistic. In my opinion, the centerlines of the temples point to the past geographic pole in Greenland (green beam), to the north MAGNETIC pole (red beam) and to the present geographic pole (white beam).
Unfortunately, the nature of the Earth's magnetic field is still a mystery. There are scientific hypotheses, but how reliable they are, we do not know. Accordingly, we do not know what natural factors determine the position of the magnetic poles, and today science does not have reliable models in order to determine what the position of the magnetic poles was in the past (before the 19th century).
Therefore, for architectural objects oriented towards the magnetic north pole, it is difficult to determine in what period they were built: when the pole was in Greenland or when the pole was already in its present state.
The strip of chernozem soils corresponds to the pole in Greenland
In the figure below, we see the geography of the black earth strip formed in the areas of Eastern Europe.
In the diagram, the dark lilac line indicates the northern border of chernozem soils. The line of geographic parallel that runs just below, built for the pole in Greenland, clearly shows that the formation of the fertile strip took place in other conditions of sunlight - characteristic of the past location of the pole.
Climate and habitat of mammoths
Below is a figure characterizing the climate along the parallel 43 ° 37'N (northern hemisphere), which runs through the resort town of Sochi.
As we can see, the climate at the latitude of Sochi is very comfortable. There is a rich food base for herbivores. It is quite possible to feed on it for such large animals as mammoths.
The following figure shows how the parallel 43 ° 37'N passes if the pole is in Greenland. In addition, this figure shows the habitat of woolly mammoths, as it was determined by paleontologists.
The author believes that it can be concluded that the mammoth habitat passed along the past "latitude of Sochi" and the climate in this strip was very comfortable for large herbivores. There is no need to talk about the long winters characteristic of the modern climate of Eastern Siberia (where the remains of mammoths have been found in abundance).
Outcome
The picture below shows the location of the present and past equator as defined by the author.
The picture shows the current South Pole and the past South Pole, corresponding to the North Pole in Greenland.
The next part will focus on reconstructing the pole shift as a planetary disaster.
Continuation: Part 3. Reconstruction of the disaster. Siberia and circumpolar regions
Author: Konstantin Zakharov