Who are they, the Great people whom we are invited to respect and admire in every possible way, whom they offer us as an example to follow and a moral guideline? What is so great that they have done to forever remain in the memory of mankind? How exactly did they contribute to its history? Having asked these questions, I decided to analyze the activities of some historical figures and find out why some people sing endless praises, while others are mercilessly blackened? Did the activities of the praised ones really benefit the earthly civilization, as we are told? Were those condemned by history really so ugly? It turned out, depending on which side you look at. We were always asked to look from one side - the side of social parasites.
Indeed, for any sane person it is no longer a secret that we live in a world that someone has arranged not for people, or rather, not for all people; in which the overwhelming majority live by the rules of a scanty minority, and the world is extremely hostile, and the rules are aimed at destroying the majority. How could this happen? How did the flimsy David manage to perch on the neck of the huge Goliath and drive him, his legs dangling carelessly? By cunning, but by deception, mostly. One of the ways the majority is forced to submit to the minority is by falsifying the past. A very clever, but devilishly cruel Pope spoke frankly about this:
“… Therefore, in order to subdue peacefully, I use a very simple and reliable method - I destroy their past … For without the past, a person is vulnerable … He loses his ancestral roots if he does not have a past. And just then, confused and unprotected, he becomes a "blank canvas" on which I can write any story!.. And believe me, dear Isidora, people are only happy about this … because, I repeat, they cannot live without the past (even if they don't want to admit it to themselves). And when there is none, they accept anyone, just not to "hang" in the unknown, which for them is much more terrible than any alien, invented "story" …"
This method of "peaceful submission" proved to be much more effective than submission by force. For it acts imperceptibly for the subordinates, gradually immersing them in mental sleep, and the subordinates do not experience unnecessary inconvenience - they do not stain their hands and do not wave swords. Their main weapons are pen and ink. This is how they act, of course, after all the bearers of the truth, of whom there were always few, were physically destroyed, information about them was perverted, sometimes to the opposite, and their entire legacy was carefully, to the last leaf, collected and taken to themselves. What they could not take away, they destroyed without hesitation. Let us recall that the Etruscan library in Rome, the Alexandrian library were destroyed, and the library of Ivan the Terrible disappeared without a trace.
After the clean-up, the winners would write their own story and nominate their heroes. Since we now live in a hostile parasitic civilization, then all those whom it glorifies, whom it calls great, have rendered it some invaluable service, contributed their five kopecks to the cause of its formation. Moreover, since from time immemorial the confrontation on Earth was going between the parasitic civilization and the civilization of the Rus, then the current heroes are the heroes of social parasites, opponents of the Rus. The only benefit in this moment is that it is easy to distinguish someone who is not our friend at all. If some historical figure is extolled to the skies, an unmeasured number of monuments, memorial plaques are rebuilt for him and his name is given to the street, this is a sure sign that he did something nasty to the Russians. And the more they extol, the more disgusting. This is also true in the opposite case - the more they scold, the more the scolded person did not please the parasites. You just need to figure out what.
For example, at the beginning of the 1st millennium A. D. there was such an emperor in Rome, who was called Claudius (10 BC-54 AD). Most of the various historical biased sources portray him as almost an idiot drooling, and the brightest spot in his biography is one of his notorious wives - Messalina. However, digging a little deeper, one can be surprised to learn that the "physically and mentally ill tyrant" Claudius, who never aspired to power, and found himself on the throne due to circumstances, ruled for 13 years, during which he built a pair of aqueducts with a total length of almost 100 miles (160 km) and repaired old ones, increased the area of irrigated land, built new ports, reformed the judicial and administrative system, and it started working much more efficiently and faster,and the population of Rome increased by a third and reached almost 6 million. The speeches he gave in the Senate demonstrated his broad education and sanity.
In addition, from his youth, Claudius was an erudite, knew several languages and seriously studied history, writing the history of civil wars and the history of Carthage. His first wife was an Etruscan from a noble family Plautius Urgulanilla. It is believed that it was she who inspired him to write the history of the Etruscans. He wrote 20 volumes of Tyrrenikà, and also compiled a dictionary of the Etruscan language, by that time already practically squeezed out in Latin and thoroughly forgotten. None of his works "survived" to our time. Little information about them is contained only in the form of small quotations found in Pliny and Suetonius.
So why did the Emperor Claudius not please the destroyers of the past?
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Most likely, the fact that he tried to preserve information about a talented and hardworking people - they themselves called themselves Rasena. The gang of destroyers was not satisfied with the Slavic origin of the people, the memory of which they purposefully erased from the annals of civilization. As a result, the so-called Romans attributed everything that the Rasena had created, from architectural achievements - aqueducts, villas, etc. - to cultural, scientific and religious ones, and the empire instead of Etruscan, or rather Rasenskoy, began to be called Roman. As you can see, history began to distort not a hundred or even four hundred years ago, but two thousand or more, as the Rus were squeezed out of the lands they fostered, raising their development to a high level.
But another antique historical character is still honored with all kinds of praise. His name is pronounced with a breath and admiration, as an example of the incredible success of a purposeful and brilliant young man. Novels are written about him and epic, expensive films are shot. I'm talking about Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), who, as we are told, by the age of 33, had conquered half the world. However, if we abandon the official propaganda and look at his actions from the other side, the answer to the question: for what merits in his honor and now fanfare is played, disappears by itself.
If you look at the map of his campaigns, it will become clear that his conquests took place precisely in those places in which ancient Slavic knowledge was kept. He conquered Sogdiana (remember that there were several Asgard cities on earth - cities of the Gods - one of which was Asgard Sogdian), Syria, Egypt, Persia and India. He dealt another serious blow to the Persian empire created by the Rus, which 20 years before him was bled by the First Great “Persian” revolution “Esther and Mordechai”, destroying 75,000 families of the best representatives of Persia (strong people).
At the end of the penultimate Night of Svarog, the Dark Forces organized a massive attack on the southern outposts of the Slavic-Aryan Empire and tried to establish a new world order there, to impose on the peoples a new cosmopolitan ideology of Aristotle and new universal values, for which it was necessary to destroy the ideological heritage of the East, laid down by our ancestors. Aristotle brought up an excellent tool for such purposes - Alexander the Great. The particular cynicism of the situation is that Alexander was a Slav by blood, but brought up by the "Greek" Aristotle, violently destroyed the heritage of his Race. It is at his instigation that the Macedonian destroys the ancient Slavic haratyas of A-Vesta in Persia and the Vedas in India, transmitted there by the Aryans. For this, he still enjoys the love and veneration of the destroyers of the past.
Let's leave the former provinces of the ancient Slavic-Aryan Empire and move along the time axis a little closer to ours. Let's look at the reputation in the world of the Russian Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible, who did a lot to strengthen and prosper his country, expand its borders and protect it from external and internal enemies, which follows even from the information that the Romanovs left after a thorough cleanup.
There is a version, expressed and substantiated by N. Fomenko and G. Nosovsky in the book "Ivan the Terrible and Peter I. The Fictional Tsar and the Fake Tsar", that in fact, under the name of the Terrible Tsar, Romanov historians united the successive rule of 4 Russian tsars, trying to justify his right to the Moscow throne and absolve himself of guilt for the Time of Troubles and other crimes.
Everyone remembers the "bloody boys in the eyes" of Boris Godunov from the tragedy of the same name by A. S. Pushkin? And, after all, it was the Romanovs who hanged the 4-year-old tsarevich - the legitimate pretender to the Russian throne - at the Spassky Gate, and not Boris Godunov killed him. However, for our article it is not so important how many tsars were hiding under the name of Grozny. It is important for us how the Russian tsar of that time appeared then and how it appears now.
By the time of Ivan IV, Muscovy, a province of the Slavic-Aryan Empire, had finally split off. It began under his grandfather, Ivan III, who severed all ties with her, according to legend, killing the ambassadors and refusing to pay tribute to the Metropolis. The Empire no longer had the opportunity to return Muscovy. She herself was constantly attacked from the southeast by the Dzungars, and after the capture of her capital, Asgard of Iry in 1530 (just in the year of the birth of Ivan IV), she could no longer control her western territories as before. Having received independence, Muscovy had to independently organize its life and create its own state institutions.
During his reign, Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV) consistently carried out reforms aimed at centralizing the government of states. He reformed the central and local government, the judicial system, streamlined the tax system, introduced a unit for collecting taxes for the whole state - the "big plow". Under Ivan the Terrible, printing began in Moscow. The population growth of the country was 50% (one and a half times). 155 new cities were built. The country's territory has doubled - from 2.8 million square meters. km to 5.4 million sq. km. The territory of Muscovy has become larger than the territory of the rest of Europe.
Grozny organizes the state post office (about 300 post stations were founded) and the Aptekarsky Prikaz, develops international trade and creates the Ambassadorial Prikaz, and industry is created. Private underground prisons are prohibited and the state ransom of the Russians from captivity is legalized. The emigration of the population from Europe has exceeded 30,000 families. The country receives regular troops - archers. His army stopped the expansion of the Crimean Khan Devlet Giray, carried out with the support of the Ottoman Empire. In the battle of Molody on July 30 - August 2, 1572, under the command of the voivode Prince Mikhail Vorotynsky, the 40-thousandth (according to other estimates, 120-thousand) Crimean-Turkish army was destroyed. And many who wish have lost for a while the desire to bite off this piece of the former western province of the Slavic-Aryan Empire.
It was Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV), the first of the Moscow tsars, who attempted to make Muscovy a maritime power, fighting for Russia's access to the Baltic Sea (earlier called the Russian Sea) and creating a navy and its own port in the Baltic. Europe perceived this as a threat to its trade interests and did everything possible to keep Muscovites out of the sea. In 1565, Augustus of Saxony stated: “The Russians quickly set up a fleet, recruiting skippers from everywhere; when the Muscovites improve in maritime business, they will no longer be able to cope with them … . So it was not Peter I who owned the palm in the construction of the Muscovite fleet.
Nevertheless, to this day, fables that Romanov historians and their Western colleagues wrote about Ivan the Terrible: the Jesuit Possevin, the Englishman Horsey and the Russian prince Andrei Kurbsky - a sonicide, tyrant and tyrant, filled the whole country with blood. Here is an example of just one perversion of information. In 1569, Grozny came to Novgorod, the population of which was then about 40 thousand people. An epidemic was raging there. Memorial lists mark 2800 deceased, and Jerome Horsey, an English diplomat in Notes on Russia, indicates that the guardsmen massacred 700 (seven hundred) thousand people in Novgorod, and this number is accepted as historically accurate.
But in the 54 years of Grozny's rule, only 3 to 4 (according to other sources, up to 15) thousand people were executed, and not a single one without trial. Each death sentence under Grozny was passed only in Moscow and was personally approved by the tsar, and the sentence to the princes and boyars was also passed by the boyar duma. And at this time, the "enlightened" Europeans staged the Bartholomew Massacre, when in one night, by order of the French King Charles IX, Catholics massacred 4 to 12 thousand Huguenots.
During the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547), at about the same time, 72 thousand people (about 2.5% of the total population of the country) were executed in England "for vagrancy and begging", and under Queen Elizabeth I (1568-1603) - 89 thousand people. In 1525, more than 100 thousand people were executed in Germany during the suppression of a peasant uprising. On February 16, 1568, the Spanish Inquisition sentenced to death all the inhabitants of the Netherlands (not to mention all those executed by the Inquisition), during the suppression of uprisings in the Netherlands, the Imperial King Philip II (1556-1598) executed more than 100 thousand in two years. November 4, 1576 at the suppression of the uprising in Antwerp executed 8 thousand, he executed representatives of dozens of aristocratic Aragonese families.
However, it is in the West that the Russian tsar is nicknamed Terrible (as the expression the Terrible is translated from English), changing the meaning of the Russian epithet Grozny to the opposite meaning, which reflects the idea of greatness, justice and order in the country, and not tyranny and bloody tyranny. Domestic "creators" are not lagging behind them, carefully throwing mud at the Russian heritage. In 2009, the film “Tsar” by Lungin was released on the screens of Russia, where the “creative author” took a heart out of Grozny, presenting him as a mentally abnormal freak - a madman, maniac, sadist and paranoid in one bottle.
So why did Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible annoy them all so?
Perhaps by the fact that he forbade Jewish merchants from entering the territory of Russia. And when in 1550 the Polish king Sigismund-August demanded that they be allowed free entry to Russia, Grozny refused such words: so that God would give in my states my people were in silence without any embarrassment. And you, our brother, would not write forward about Zhidekh to us”, because they“diverted the Russian people from Christianity, and brought poisonous potions to our lands and did nasty things to our people”.
And, perhaps, the fact that he did not stand on ceremony with the then European monarchs and wrote to them everything he thought of them, addressing them as a suzerain to his vassals, or, at least, as a noble person to people much lower than him. origin. So, to Queen Elizabeth I of England, he did not hesitate to express his dissatisfaction with her way of doing business and about herself: “… And we hoped that you were the empress and ruler in your kingdom. But you have people who own by you, and not only people, but also trading peasants and about our sovereign heads, and about the chests, and about the lands are not looking for profit, but looking for their trade profits. And you are in your maiden rank, as there is a vulgar girl … "But what he wrote to the Swedish king Johan III:" And if you want to pour over, then find yourself the same slave as you are a slave, and overflow with him. From now on,no matter how much you write barking, we will not give you any answer …”. Or maybe he stabbed his eyes with the legitimacy of his power and the high birth of the artistic Romanov.
Most likely, both are true, and the other, and the third. Even though poisoned by Christianity and split off from the Rus Empire, the Terrible Tsar cared too much about “my people”, did not engage in genocide of his people, did not want to see any daring in his state, strengthening it, did not let further the continuous and persistent “drang nach osten” social parasites.
On the other hand, another Russian tsar received incredible honors and continuous hosanna. Films are made about him, novels and paintings are written, monuments are erected to him, ships and awards are named after him. This is Peter I, or rather false Peter I. Evidence that the real Tsar Peter I was replaced during the Great Embassy - the diplomatic mission with which the Moscow Tsar went to Europe in 1697-98 - can be viewed on the website “The Great Pretender."
Those who returned to Russia began to energetically cut a window to Europe for Europe and at the expense of the Russians, "raising Russia on its hind legs" so that its population was dying out at an alarming rate. He staged the most real genocide of the Russian people, soldering it, driving it into slavery by introducing serfdom and crushing it with additional taxes, while providing the foreigners who flooded the country with unprecedented benefits and privileges. The figure named by P. N. Milyukov, a historian who dedicated his master's thesis to the activities of Peter I, a former minister of foreign affairs of the Provisional Government in 1917, which by 1710 had disappeared 20% of the burdensome population of Muscovy.
And here is another Russian tsar, who in his Manifesto on the inviolability of autocracy of April 29, 1881 announced the departure from the liberal course of his father, who untied the hands of the revolutionary movement, which was developing on Jewish money, and highlighted the maintenance of order and power, observation the strictest justice and economy. A return to the primordial Russian principles and ensuring Russian interests everywhere”, no one calls Great and does not erect colossal monuments. Alexander III is generally extremely unpopular among Russian liberals, neither contemporary to him, nor contemporary to us.
They built him a reputation for being slow-witted, narrow-minded with mediocre ability and (oh, horror!) Conservative views. The famous statesman and lawyer A. F. Koni, who acquitted the terrorist Vera Zasulich in the case of the attempt on the life of the mayor of St. Petersburg, General F. Trepov, called him "the hippo in epaulettes." And the Minister of Railways of the Russian Empire, and later of Finance S. Yu. Witte described him as follows: Emperor Alexander III was “below average intelligence, below average abilities and below secondary education; outwardly he looked like a big Russian peasant from the central provinces, and nevertheless, with his appearance, which reflected his enormous character, beautiful heart, complacency, justice and at the same time firmness, he undoubtedly impressed. And it is believedthat he treated Alexander III with sympathy.
How did Alexander III deserve such an attitude towards himself?
It was during his reign that Russia made a giant leap forward, pulling itself out of the swamp of liberal reforms, into which Alexander II led her, and himself perishing from them. A member of the Narodnaya Volya terrorist party threw a bomb at his feet. At that time, about the same rapid impoverishment of the people, the same instability and lawlessness that Gorbachev and Yeltsin gave us almost a century later, was going on in the country.
Alexander III managed to create a miracle. A real technical revolution has begun in the country. Industrialization proceeded at a rapid pace. The emperor managed to achieve stabilization of public finances, which made it possible to begin preparations for the introduction of the gold ruble, which was carried out after his death. He fiercely fought against corruption and embezzlement. He tried to appoint business executives and patriots to government posts who defended the national interests of the country.
The country's budget has become surplus. The same Witte was forced to admit “… Emperor Alexander III was a good master not because of a sense of self-interest, but because of a sense of duty. Not only in the royal family, but also among the dignitaries, I have never met that feeling of respect for the state ruble, for the state penny, which Emperor Alexander III possessed. He took care of every penny of the Russian people, the Russian state, as the best owner could not keep it …”The tightening of customs policy and the simultaneous encouragement of domestic producers led to a rapid growth in production. Customs taxes on foreign goods have almost doubled, which has led to a significant increase in government revenues.
The population of Russia grew from 71 million in 1856 to 122 million in 1894, including the urban population from 6 million to 16 million. Smelting of pig iron from 1860 to 1895 increased 4.5 times, coal production - 30 times, oil - 754 times. The country built 28 thousand miles of railways connecting Moscow with the main industrial and agricultural regions and seaports (the railroad network grew by 47% in 1881-92). In 1891, construction began on the strategically important Trans-Siberian Railway, which connected Russia with the Far East. The government began to buy out private railways, up to 60% of which were in the hands of the state by the mid-90s.
The number of Russian river steamers increased from 399 in 1860 to 2539 in 1895, and sea ships from 51 to 522. At this time, the industrial revolution in Russia ended, and the machine industry replaced old manufactories. New industrial cities (Lodz, Yuzovka, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Izhevsk) and entire industrial regions (coal and metallurgical in Donbass, oil in Baku, textile in Ivanovo) have grown. The volume of foreign trade, which in 1850 did not reach 200 million rubles, by 1900 exceeded 1.3 billion rubles. By 1895, domestic trade grew 3.5 times compared to 1873 and reached 8.2 billion rubles ("History of Russia from Antiquity to the Present Day" / edited by M. N. Zuev, Moscow, "Higher School", 1998 g)
It was during the reign of Emperor Alexander III that Russia did not fight for a day (except for the conquest of Central Asia that ended with the capture of Kushka in 1885) - for this the tsar was called a "peacemaker". Everything was settled exclusively by diplomatic methods, and, moreover, without any regard for the "Europe" or anyone else. He believed that there was no need for Russia to look for allies there and interfere in European affairs. We know his words, which have already become winged: “In the whole world we have only two loyal allies - our army and navy. All the rest will turn against us at the first opportunity. " He did a lot to strengthen the army and the country's defense and the inviolability of its borders. “Our Fatherland, undoubtedly, needs a strong and well-equipped army, standing at the height of the modern development of military affairs, but not for aggressive purposes,but solely to protect the integrity and state honor of Russia. " So he spoke and so he did.
He did not interfere in the affairs of other countries, but he did not allow his own to be pushed around. Let me give you one example. A year after his accession to the throne, Afghans, urged on by British instructors, decided to bite off a piece of territory belonging to Russia. The tsar's order was laconic: "Cast out and teach a lesson, as it should!", Which was done. The British Ambassador to St. Petersburg was ordered to protest and demand an apology. "We will not do this," the emperor said, and on the dispatch from the British ambassador he wrote a resolution: "There is nothing to talk to them about." After that, he awarded the head of the border detachment with the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. After this incident, Alexander III formulated his foreign policy very briefly: “I will not allow anyone to encroach on our territory!”.
Another conflict began to mature with Austria-Hungary due to Russia's interference in the Balkan problems. At a dinner in the Winter Palace, the Austrian ambassador began to discuss the Balkan issue in a rather harsh manner and, getting excited, even hinted at the possibility of Austria mobilizing two or three corps. Alexander III was calm and pretended not to notice the harsh tone of the ambassador. Then he calmly took the fork, bent it in a loop and threw it towards the instrument of the Austrian diplomat and said very calmly: "This is what I will do with your two or three corps."
In private life, he adhered to strict moral rules, was very devout, distinguished by frugality, modesty, undemanding to comfort, spent leisure time in a narrow family and friendly circle. I could not stand pomp and ostentatious luxury. He got up at 7 am, went to bed at 3. He dressed very simply. For example, he could often be seen in soldiers' boots with pants tucked into them, and at home he wore an embroidered Russian shirt. He loved to wear a military uniform, which he reformed, taking the Russian suit as a basis, which made it simple, comfortable to wear and fit, cheap to manufacture and more suitable for military operations. For example, the buttons were replaced with hooks, which was convenient not only for adjusting the shape, but also an extra shiny object was eliminated that could draw the attention of the enemy in sunny weather and cause his fire. Based on these considerations, sultans, shiny helmets and lapels were canceled. Such pragmatism of the emperor undoubtedly offended the "refined taste" of the creative elite.
This is how the artist A. Benois describes his meeting with Alexander III: “I was struck by his 'bulkiness', his ponderousness and greatness. The new military uniform introduced at the very beginning of the reign with a claim to a national character, its sullen simplicity and, worst of all, these rough boots with trousers stuck in them revolted my artistic feeling. But in nature, all this was forgotten, before the very face of the sovereign was striking in its significance …"
In addition to being significant, the emperor also had a sense of humor, and in situations, as it were, they were not at all disposed to him. So, in some volost government, some peasant did not give a damn about his portrait. All sentences about insulting His Majesty were necessarily brought to him. The man was sentenced to six months in prison. Alexander III burst out laughing and exclaimed: “How! He didn’t give a damn about my portrait, and I’m going to feed him for another six months? You are out of your mind, gentlemen. Send him to hell and tell him that I, in turn, wanted to spit on him. And the business is over. What an incredible thing!"
The writer M. Tsebrikova, an ardent supporter of the democratization of Russia and women's emancipation, was arrested for an open letter to Alexander III, which she printed in Geneva and circulated in Russia, and in which, in her words, she "inflicted a moral slap in the face of despotism." The Tsar's resolution was laconic: "Let go of the old fool!" She was exiled from Moscow to the Vologda province.
He was one of the initiators of the creation of the "Russian Historical Society" and its first chairman and a passionate collector of Russian art. After his death, the vast collection of paintings, graphics, decorative and applied arts and sculptures he collected was transferred to the Russian Museum, which was founded by his son, Russian Emperor Nicholas II, in memory of his parent.
Alexander III had a persistent dislike of liberalism and the intelligentsia. His words are known: "Our ministers … would not have wondered with unrealistic fantasies and lousy liberalism." He dealt with the terrorist organization Narodnaya Volya. Under Alexander III, many newspapers and magazines propagating liberal "fermentation of minds" were closed, but all other periodicals that contributed to the prosperity of their homeland enjoyed the freedom and support of the government. By the end of the reign of Alexander III, about 400 periodicals were published in Russia, of which a quarter were newspapers. The number of scientific and specialized journals has significantly increased and amounted to 804 titles.
Alexander III unswervingly pursued his conviction that Russians should rule in Russia. The policy of protecting the interests of the state was also actively pursued on the outskirts of the Russian Empire. For example, the autonomy of Finland was limited, which until that time enjoyed all the advantages of neutrality under the protection of the Russian army and the benefits of the endless Russian market, but stubbornly denied the Russians equal rights with the Finns and Swedes. All correspondence of the Finnish authorities with the Russians was now to be conducted in Russian, Russian postage stamps and the ruble received circulation rights in Finland. It was also planned to force the Finns to pay for the upkeep of the army on an equal basis with the population of indigenous Russia and to expand the scope of the Russian language in the country.
The government of Alexander III took measures to limit the area of residence of Jews by the "Pale of Settlement". In 1891, they were forbidden to settle in Moscow and the Moscow province, and about 17 thousand Jews who lived there were evicted from Moscow on the basis of the law of 1865, which had been abolished for Moscow since 1891. Jews were forbidden to acquire property in the countryside. In 1887, a special circular established the percentage rate of their admission to universities (no more than 10% within the Pale of Settlement and 2-3% in other provinces) and introduced restrictions on the practice of advocacy (their share in universities for legal specialties was 70%).
Alexander III patronized Russian science. Under him, the first university in Siberia was opened - in Tomsk, a project was prepared for the creation of a Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople, the famous Historical Museum was founded in Moscow, the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine was opened in St. Petersburg under the leadership of I. P. Pavlova, the Technological Institute in Kharkov, the Mining Institute in Yekaterinoslavl, the Veterinary Institute in Warsaw, and others. By 1894, there were 52 higher educational institutions in Russia.
Domestic science rushed forward. THEM. Sechenov created the doctrine of cerebral reflexes, laying the foundations of Russian physiology, I. P. Pavlov developed the theory of conditioned reflexes. I. I. Mechnikov created a school of microbiology and organized the first bacteriological station in Russia. K. A. Timiryazev became the founder of Russian plant physiology. V. V. Dokuchaev laid the foundation for scientific soil science. The most prominent Russian mathematician and mechanic P. L. Chebyshev, invented a plantigrade machine and an adding machine.
Russian physicist A. G. Stoletov discovered the first law of the photoelectric effect. In 1881 A. F. Mozhaisky designed the world's first airplane. In 1888, a self-taught mechanic F. A. Blinov invented the tracked tractor. In 1895 A. S. Popov demonstrated the world's first radio receiver invented by him and soon achieved a transmission and reception distance already at a distance of 150 km. The founder of cosmonautics K. E. Tsiolkovsky.
The only pity is that the takeoff lasted only 13 years. Oh, if the reign of Alexander III would have lasted at least another 10-20 years! But he died before even reaching 50, as a result of kidney disease, which developed in him after the terrible crash of the imperial train that happened in 1888. The roof of the dining car, where the royal family and the close ones were, collapsed, and the emperor held it on his shoulders until everyone got out from under the rubble.
Despite the impressive height (193 cm) and solid build, the tsar's heroic body could not withstand such a load, and after 6 years the emperor died. According to one of the versions (unofficial, and the official investigation was led by A. F. Koni), the train crash was caused by the explosion of a bomb, which was planted by an assistant cook associated with revolutionary terrorist organizations. They could not forgive him for his unswerving desire "… to protect the purity of the" faith of the fathers ", the inviolability of the principle of autocracy and develop the Russian nationality …", spreading the lie that the emperor died of unrestrained drunkenness.
The death of the Russian tsar shocked Europe, which is surprising against the background of the usual European Russophobia. French Foreign Minister Flourens said: “Alexander III was a true Russian Tsar, which Russia had not seen for a long time before him. Of course, all the Romanovs were devoted to the interests and greatness of their people. But prompted by the desire to give their people a Western European culture, they were looking for ideals outside Russia … Emperor Alexander III wished Russia to be Russia, so that it, first of all, was Russian, and he himself set the best examples of this. He showed himself the ideal type of a truly Russian person."
Even the Marquis of Salisbury, hostile to Russia, admitted: “Alexander III saved Europe many times from the horrors of war. According to his deeds, the sovereigns of Europe should learn how to govern their peoples."
He was the last ruler of the Russian state who actually cared about the protection and prosperity of the Russian people, but they do not call him Great and they do not sing incessant eulogies like previous rulers.
Still would! Alexander III in every possible way strengthened Russia, which significantly slowed down the frantic offensive of social parasites on it, and thwarted their plan to subjugate the only state in the world that was able to resist them. His rule gave Russia the opportunity to take a break and recover from the endless wars in which the previous rulers threw her people with a generous hand. The genocide of the Russian people was stopped for a short time.
That is precisely why the official historical science either does not advertise his activities, or puts him in a bad light. However, it is vital for us to know the present past of our Motherland. For, not knowing the true past, we will not be able to understand the causes of events taking place in the present! And without this, we will not be able to successfully resist social parasites who are persistently trying to create a world in which we have no place provided.
Elena Lyubimova. "For what they were called the Great"