Who and why needed to shoot the king who had renounced power and his relatives with his servants? (Versions)
First version (New War)
A number of historians say that neither Lenin nor Sverdlov is responsible for the murder of the Romanovs. Allegedly, the Ural Council of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies in the winter, spring and summer of 1918 often made independent decisions that fundamentally contradicted the instructions of the center. They say that the Urals, in whose Council there were many Left SRs, were determined to continue the war with Germany.
It can be recalled in direct connection with this that on July 6, 1918, the German ambassador, Count Wilhelm von Mirbach, was killed in Moscow. This murder was a provocation of the party of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, which since October 1917 entered the government coalition with the Bolsheviks and set itself the goal of violating the shameful Brest Peace with the Germans. And the execution of the Romanovs, whose safety was demanded by Kaiser Wilhelm, finally buried the Brest Peace.
Upon learning that the Romanovs had been shot, Lenin and Sverdlov officially approved what had happened, and none of the organizers and participants in the massacre was punished. A formal inquiry about a possible execution, which was sent by the Urals to the Kremlin (such a telegram from July 16, 1918 really exists), allegedly did not even have time to reach Lenin, as the planned action took place. Be that as it may, the return telegram did not come, they did not wait for it, and the reprisal was carried out without the direct sanction of the government. The senior investigator for especially important cases Vladimir Solovyov, following a long investigation, confirmed this version in his interview in 2009-2010. Moreover, Soloviev argued that Lenin was generally against the execution of the Romanovs.
So, one of the options: the shooting by the royal family was carried out in the interests of the Left SRs for the sake of continuing the war with the Germans.
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The second version (King, as a sacrifice to secret forces?)
According to the second version, the murder of the Romanovs was ritual, sanctioned by some "secret societies". In confirmation of this, Kabbalistic signs are cited, found on the wall in the room in which the execution took place. Although to this day no one has been able to identify the ink inscriptions on the windowsill as something that has an unambiguously interpreted meaning, some of the experts are inclined to believe that the following message is encrypted in them: “Here, by order of secret forces, the king was sacrificed to destroy the state … All nations are notified of this."
In addition, on the southern wall of the room where the execution took place, a distorted couplet from a poem by Heinrich Heine about the murdered Babylonian king Belshazzar was found written in German. However, who exactly and when could have made these inscriptions remains unknown today, and many historians refute the "decoding" of the alleged Kabbalistic symbols. It is impossible to draw an unambiguous conclusion about them, although great efforts were made to this, in particular, because the version of the ritual nature of the murder was especially interested in the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). However, the investigating authorities gave a negative answer to the request of the Moscow Patriarchate: "Wasn't the murder of the Romanov rituals?" Although no serious work was done to establish the truth. In tsarist Russia there were many "secret societies": from occultists to masons.
Third version (American footprint)
Another interesting idea is that this massacre was carried out on the direct orders of the United States. Not the American government, of course, but the American billionaire Jacob Schiff, with whom, according to some information, Jacob Yurovsky, a member of the collegium of the Ural Regional Cheka, who headed the protection of the royal family in Yekaterinburg, was associated. Yurovsky lived in America for a long time and returned to Russia just before the revolution.
Jacob, or Jacob Schiff, was one of the richest people of that time, the head of the giant banking house "Kuehn, Loeb & Company", hated the tsarist government and personally Nikolai Romanov. The American was not allowed to expand his business in Russia and he was very sensitive to the deprivation of civil rights of a part of the Jewish population.
Schiff enjoyed his authority and influence in the American banking and financial sector, tried to block Russia's access to foreign loans in America, took part in financing the Japanese government during the Russo-Japanese War, and also generously financed the supporters of the Bolshevik revolution (it is said about the amount in 20-24 billion dollars in modern exchange rate). It was thanks to subsidies from Jacob Schiff that the Bolsheviks generally managed to carry out a revolution and achieve victory. Whoever pays calls the tune. Therefore, Jacob Schiff had the opportunity to "order" the murder of the royal family from the Bolsheviks. In addition, the main executioner Yurovsky, by a strange coincidence, considered America his second homeland.
But the Bolsheviks who came to power after the execution of the Romanovs unexpectedly refused to cooperate with Schiff. Maybe because he arranged the execution of the royal family through their heads?
Fourth version (New Herostratus)
It cannot be ruled out that the execution, carried out on the direct orders of Yakov Yurovsky, was primarily needed by him personally. The painfully ambitious Yurovsky, with all his might, could not have found a better way to "inherit" history than to personally shoot the last Russian tsar in the heart. And it is no coincidence that he subsequently many times emphasized his special role in the execution: “I fired the first and killed Nikolai on the spot … I shot at him, he fell down, shooting immediately began … I killed Nikolai on the spot from the Colt, the remaining cartridges were one loaded Colt clips, as well as a loaded Mauser, went to finish shooting Nikolai's daughters … Alexei remained sitting as if petrified, and I shot him … "The executioner Yurovsky so clearly and frankly enjoyed remembering the execution that it becomes clear:for him regicide was the greatest achievement in life.
They were shot together with the Romanovs: Above: medical doctor E. Botkin, chef I. Kharitonov: Bottom: room girl A. Demidova, valet Colonel A. Trup
Fifth version (Point of no return)
Assessing the historical significance of the execution of the Romanovs, Lev Davidovich Trotsky wrote: “The execution of the Romanovs was needed not only to scare, horrify, deprive the enemy of hope, but also to shake up their own ranks, to show that there was a complete victory or complete destruction ahead. … This goal has been achieved … A senseless monstrous cruelty has been committed, and the point of no return has been passed."
Sixth version
American journalists A. Summers and T. Mangold in the 1970s studied a previously unknown part of the archives of the 1918-1919 investigation, found in the 1930s in America, and published the result of their investigation in 1976. According to them, N. Sokolov's conclusions about the death of the entire Romanov family were made under pressure from Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak, who, for some reason, found it beneficial to declare all family members dead. They consider the investigations and conclusions of other investigators of the White Army to be more objective. According to their opinion, it is more likely that only Nicholas II and his heir were shot in Yekaterinburg, and Alexandra Fedorovna and her daughters were transported to Perm. Nothing is known about the further fate of Alexandra Feodorovna and about her daughters. A. Summers and T. Mangold are inclined to the version,that Anna Anderson was in reality the Grand Duchess Anastasia.