Astronomy is a science that studies objects and processes in outer space. Astronomers and other scientists understand that stars have no effect on earthlings. Distances to them are measured in light years - they are so far from us.
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A light year is the distance that light travels in one Earth year. That's almost 10,000,000,000,000 (10 trillion) kilometers! One light year is 25 million times the distance to the Moon and more than 60,000 times the distance to the Sun. Remember, nothing in the universe travels faster than light!
Astrology is something else. This is not science. There is no evidence that astrology can be used to predict the future or to describe a person's character and destiny based solely on their date of birth. Nevertheless, like fantastic stories, astrological forecasts or horoscopes for every day attract many.
What is the "zodiac" and what is special about the zodiac constellations?
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Draw, mentally or on paper, a straight line from the Earth through the Sun into space, far beyond our solar system - to where the stars live. Then imagine the Earth orbiting the Sun. As you rotate, this imaginary line will point to different stars. A complete revolution around the Sun is known to be equal to one year. All stars near the plane of the disk, along which this line passes, are located in the zodiac (a belt along the ecliptic). They form 13 zodiacal constellations (from the Greek zodiakos - "animal"), which are no different from the rest.
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In ancient times, astronomers did not know exactly how the Earth, the Sun, and other stars moved, and had no idea how huge the Universe was. But they looked into the sky with enthusiasm, trying to understand this. They considered constellations to be important symbols, they mentioned them in their legends and myths about the gods. From here was born the belief that a change in the position of constellations at different times of the year can affect people and events on Earth.
The Babylonians, who lived more than 3000 years ago, divided the zodiac, like a pizza, into 12 equal parts and designated 12 constellations in it - one for each “slice”. As the earth moves around the sun, it seemingly passes through each of the 12 parts of the zodiac. Since the Babylonians already had a 12-month calendar (based on the phases of the moon), each month got its own piece. But according to their own stories of the ancient Babylonians, there were a total of 13 zodiac constellations. Some cultures and traditions have recognized as many as 24.
Constellations and signs of the zodiac
Among the Babylonians, a person who was born between July 23 and August 22 was considered to be born under the constellation Leo. Now, after 3000 years, according to scientists, the Earth's axis has shifted and, for example, August 4 already corresponds to the sign of Cancer, which precedes Leo.
Constellations have different shapes and sizes and are in line with the Sun for different periods of time. For example, an imaginary line drawn from Earth through the Sun would indicate Virgo 45 days, but Scorpio only 7. In order to fit into the 12-month calendar, the Babylonians ignored the fact that the Sun is actually "moving" in 13 constellations, not 12, and assigned an equal amount of time to each of these 12. However, in addition to all known signs of the zodiac, the Sun also "meets" with Ophiuchus every year for about 18 days.