The past of Egypt emerges from the darkness of the ages. Alas, the "ancient" pharaohs of Egypt were only the Mameluk khans-atamans. They ruled over the Cossack cavalry. For a long time there was no slavery in Egypt. Mameluke warriors looked something like this:
Image ID: 813906 Mamelike, Egypt, sixteenth century. (1859-1860)
In Egypt 16-17 century !!! Vz. from G. Volya. / digitalgallery.nypl.org
But the Cossacks of Little Russia and the soldiers of Ivan the Terrible dressed the same way! Simple farmers looked, of course, simpler. Note that the Mamelukes seize power in Egypt in 1250, that is, when half of the world is subordinate to the "Tatar khans". Mamelukes-Cossacks ruled in Egypt until 1517, then from 1517 to 1585 their power was replaced by the rule of the rulers of Istanbul (Grad). From 1585, the Mameluk Cossacks again came to power in Egypt and ruled there until 1798, when Napoleon invaded Egypt.
In 1811, the Mameluk Cossacks, under the leadership of the British, were destroyed, according to the British, the area was cleared from the "excess population." The history of Egypt is immeasurably lengthened, everything is done so that the memory of the Cossacks of Egypt is erased in the minds of people. However, information about the Slavs of Egypt can still be gleaned from some sources …
George Pachimeris (Greek Γεώργιος Παχυμέρης 1242, Nicaea - about 1310, Constantinople) - Byzantine philosopher, historian, mathematician, writer and church leader, who studied under George the Acropolitan and held the post of protoecdica in the patriarch of that clergy, - wrote about RULES SKIF, that is, a Slav, who created an army FROM HIS COMPANIES: “The Ethiopian Sultan, however, to enter into negotiations with the king was prompted by another need. This sultan came from the Komans (Cossacks - auth.) And, being one of those given into slavery, had a commendable reason to seek an alliance with his relatives. People in the north are generally meaningless, and hardly rational creatures: they have no rules of literature, no natural sciences, no knowledge, no reason, no economy in life, no arts, and nothing else than people differ from dumb ones; they have only warlike inclinations and,being swift, always ready to join the battle, they immediately rush, if only someone has incited them. Their attitude to each other is somehow impudent and bacchic (the usual idea of the Russians in Western Europe - author), and they serve Ares!
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Therefore, the Ethiopians and before highly valued the Scythians when they acquired
them for slave services, or when used as warriors; now the very power (in Egypt - author) was in the hands of the Scythian; so the Scythians were received there with great hospitality and formed an auxiliary army. But they, having hired, could not otherwise cross there, as through the strait of the Euxine Sea; and it was difficult to do this without the consent of the king (Basileus - author). Therefore, ambassadors with gifts were often sent to the king, so that those who were on the ships would be allowed to enter Euxine and, for a lot of money, hiring Scythian youths, go back home with them. And this, as we know, was done often: from there, gifts were sent to the tsar, and from here a free path to the sultan was opened to the sailors (of Egypt - author). This was done by the king, apparently for the benefit of our people. Indeed, in terms of preserving the world, the skipping of the Ethiopian (Mameluk - ed.) the ships were useful: but on the other hand, such an order brought the greatest harm; because with the frequent migrations of young men from the north, the Ethiopian army composed of them over time greatly elevated the spirit of the Ethiopians; so that, formerly content with maintaining their home security, they now began to go out of their borders and invade Christians by war. The Ethiopians, hoping for the troops made up of the Scythians, left their places, and, according to the proverb, they made the whole land a Median booty until little by little (for the Italians did not enter into peaceful conditions with them, since they were and were called enemies honest cross), did not attack even the largest cities and did not raze them to the ground. In such ruins lies the glorious Antioch, in such ruins Apameia; Tyr and Berith destroyed; Sidon experienced the same;and on the other side Laodicea groans; Tripolis and Ptolemais, the great cities of the Italians, are regarded as non-existent; yes, beautiful Damascus, once the border cities of the Roman Empire to the east, was also destroyed; and absolutely nothing {164} remained intact, except for those places that pay tribute to the Armenians. And the large population of all these cities is scattered throughout the earth, excluding those who fell either in war or in martyrdom for refusing to renounce the faith. This is how Christianity benefited from the Ethiopians through our indiscretion, or malice, our arbitrary strivings and desires. Meanwhile, we still kept the insolence of the Tochars - not with the courage of the troops, but with friendly, or, better to say, slave donations - entered into family ties with them and sent them gifts, sometimes excellent and the greatest. This was the second longest alliance concluded with the Western Tocharians, who came out of nowhere and occupied the northern countries with huge forces under the command of their leader Nogai. The king gave him his second illegitimate daughter, named Euphrosinia; which is why it happened that they received in a friendly manner what they would hardly have mastered through the most difficult war (Byzantine historians translated from Greek at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy // George Pakhimer. The story of Michael and Andronicus Paleologuesthan they would hardly have mastered through the most difficult war (Byzantine historians translated from Greek at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy // George Pakhimer. The story of Michael and Andronicus Palaeologusthan they would hardly have mastered through the most difficult war (Byzantine historians translated from Greek at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy // George Pakhimer. The story of Michael and Andronicus Palaeologus
of thirteen books. Volume 1. Book 3. The reign of Michael Palaeologus (1255-1282) / translation edited by Professor Karpov. - SPb.: Typogr. Department of appanages, 1862. - S. 163-164. From m-s G. Volya).
Back in the 15th century, the Greeks (and not only the Greeks) called the Russians Scythians. Thus, when any of the "ancient" authors writes about the Scythians, we must know that we are talking about the Russians. Pachymeris calls the inhabitants of Egypt Ethiopians, but since Ethiopia has no outlet to the Mediterranean Sea, then, I suppose, Egypt should be understood here as Ethiopia. The name of the warriors, horsemen, Scythians and Aryans, allows us to unequivocally determine that we are talking about the Slavs! Pachymer also mentioned the western Tochars as Slavs! Consequently, there were also eastern Tochars who lived on the territory of what is now Western China - in the past Uyguria. Eastern Tochars were supposed to speak Slavic!
L. L. Savashkevich wrote that the Mamelukes in Egypt changed religion, and were primarily Christians (Leopold Léon Sawaszkiewicz. Le génie de l'Orient commenté par ses monuments monétaires. Etudes historiques numismatiques, politiques et critiques. - Bruxelles, A. Van Dale, 1846. - P. 166).
Martin Baumgarten (16th century) wrote: “Now these Mamelukes are all made up of Christian fugitives who baptize their newborn babies. And this is not done out of piety, or love for the Christian law; but because they themselves were once baptized. Why with them no one, both Sratsyn and Zhide, or anyone else, can be a Mameluk before he is baptized”(M. Baumgarten, 1594, P. 102). Further, moreover, on the same page, he writes, explaining the reason for the universal baptism of the Mamelukes, such absurdities that I did not consider it necessary to continue the quote. Then Baumgarten notes: "So, most of them (Mamelukes - author) are people of different Christian dominions, such as: Albanians, Serbs, Italians, Spaniards and some of the Germans." So, the Mamelukes were not Arabs, they were not Turks. According to the description of Pachimeris, they are Slavs. May be,there were people from the Caucasus among the Mamelukes, so how did the Mamelukes call themselves Cherkassians?
In 1640, the burgomaster of Amsterdam, Nikolaas Witsen, wrote in Northern and Eastern Tartary about the customs that reigned in the Caucasus before the arrival of the Muscovites:
“The Circassians, especially those of Pyatigorsk, do not want to be considered Tatars, who live in large numbers around them in these places. And outwardly they do not look like the Tatars … Pyatigorsk Circassians, or Circassians from five mountains, bordering on the Crimean Tatars, live in the mountains. I have no proof that they are Tatars. They are white in face and body, this indicates that they are people of a different race, "further reporting:" A significant part of the population of Tarku (Tarki is the city and possession of the Dagestani shamkhals), as well as Crimea, are Russians and speak Russian. " So that's who they are - the ancestors of the Mamelukes! Witsen writes about the Cossacks.
Along the way, he said that in the spring, before the start of the sowing work, the Circassians “drink a drink called buza all day and celebrate the holiday by dancing, playing pipes and jumping. After this holiday, they begin to cultivate the land. " It is known that the words "buza" (also "buzit", "buzat") have survived only in the Slavic languages and denote both the kind of millet kvass, abundant drinking, the style of hand-to-hand fighting, and preparation for a fight: "Start, arrange a booze; scandalize ". Despite the fact that it is believed that in the 16th century many Cossacks moved to the Caucasus, forming the Grebenskoye Cossack army, as described by L. Rzhevussky, it is quite easy to identify the Caucasian Circassians with the Slavs, because Witsen provided some information about the Zaporozhye Cossacks: On the lower course of the Borisfena (Dnieper) River in Ukraine and in the vicinity, there are tribes, also called Circassians,they are of the Greek Orthodox faith, now they are under the rule of the great Turkish sultan. In my opinion, the inability to distinguish this people from the Circassians near the Caspian Sea is the reason why some say that all Circassians are pagans, while others - that they are all Christians."
As you can see, the Dutchman narrated that they spoke Russian in the Crimea - and the Cossacks did not move there!
By the way, something close was written by the professor, rector of the University of Krakow Matvey Mekhovsky (1457-1523), who died long before the Cossacks moved to the Caucasus in the "Treatise of two Sarmatias" and from his work we can learn the places of residence of the Circassians: "… to the south there is something else -what are the remains of the Circassians (Circassorum). This is a very wild and warlike people, Russians by origin and language."
And also Engelbert Kempfer (1651 - 1716), who wrote in his work about later news: "The Circassians are called Turks … They have a common language with other Tatars, but most of them also speak Russian" (from G. Volya) …
So, it should be said that the Mamelukes were mainly Slavs. The language they spoke was determined after the hieroglyphic script of "Ancient" Egypt was deciphered.
Fig. 1. Steel daggers made in the 20th century.
Fig. 2. Dagger "Tutathamun". is it really made in the Bronze Age?
Fig. 1 shows IRON daggers, similar to those found in the "tomb" of "Tutankhamun" - right on his mummy. Fig. 2 - "Tutathamun" dagger.
The presence of the IRON weapon in the tombs of the "ancient" pharaohs completely contradicts the Scaligerian chronology, since it is believed that the Bronze Age has not yet ended
By the way, on the scabbard of a golden dagger are depicted scenes of the royal HUNTING on hoofed animals resembling bulls or deer. Such royal hunts were very popular in Russia. Note that no African animals, such as lions, hippos, elephants, are depicted here.
"Tutankhamun" wore Cossack gazyrs. Gazyrs are cylindrical containers with gunpowder. Carter and others like him had no idea what gazyrs were, so they put these "artifacts" in the "tomb" too, although they were made in the Middle Ages.
Another Mameluk kingdom existed in India in the 13th century! It was ruled by the Slavs.
And here is another glorious Mameluk, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, who was attributed to the Turks, although his name contains the word SLAVE, well, he was immediately called a former slave! Can this be?!.. Read:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aram_shah_slave
The Mamluk Dynasty or Ghulam Dynasty (Urdu: غلام خاندان, Hindi: ग़ुलाम ख़ानदान served as the first Sultans of Delhi in India from 1206 to 1290. The founder of the dynasty, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, was a Turkic ex-slave of the Aybak tribe who rose to command the armies and administer the territory of Muhammad Ghori in India.
Now Maidan near New Delhi is no longer surprising!
But the Mameluk fortress in India can be compared to the citadel in Cairo:
A lion is made on the bridge in Israel, as we have in Vladimir and in Ancient Mesopotamia - in Assyria:
And here are ours in Vladimir! Straight sisters and brothers! Here's what to show the students.
The lions are smiling.
The riddle of the "Pyramid Texts" has not been fully solved until now: in them, researchers are faced with something that is extremely difficult to interpret. And their very discovery was, you can't say otherwise, - mystical. In the winter of 1879, at the Cairo bazaar, Professor Gaston Maspero heard out of his ear that there were rooms inside the pyramids of Saqqara, the walls of which were covered with hieroglyphic inscriptions. This highly respected researcher's career depended on whether he believed the rumors or not. To Maspero's credit, he made the assumption that since no one else's interests are affected, then these rumors, most likely, are similar to the truth. After interviewing several merchants, he found out that a certain Bedouin of undetermined age had seen the hieroglyphic inscriptions. At sunset, the Bedouin saw a desert fox standing at the base of the pyramid, which,and he was ready to swear by the dearest thing that he had in order to convince everyone that he was right - she smiled at him! This nomad took this smile as a good sign and approached the pyramid. At the very base of the pyramid, he saw a wide hole. This hole led him to the short corridor of the pyramid. He raised the torch, lit it and saw that the walls of the room were covered with hieroglyphs, as if casting gilding. Maspero, who found out about what had happened to the nomad, had only to find a pyramid with a hole at the base …Maspero, who found out about what had happened to the nomad, had only to find a pyramid with a hole at the base …Maspero, who found out about what had happened to the nomad, had only to find a pyramid with a hole at the base …
You can get acquainted with the phonetic meanings (FZ) of hieroglyphs in Fig. 1 (See pp. 72-76 Koparev E. A. Ancient Slavic writing. - M.: Avtorskaya kniga, 2013. -).
Fig. 3. Mameluke cataphractarian.
It is known that “the last stage in the development of the Egyptian language is the Coptic language of the Christianized population of Egypt … In the 17th century. it was supplanted by the Arabic language "[Abd ar-Rahman al-Jabarti" Egypt on the eve of Napoleon's expedition (An Amazing History of the Past in Biographies and Chronicle of Events) ". Volume 2 (1776-1798). Translated from Arabic. Moscow, Main edition of oriental literature, 1974. - P. 464].
Thus, the Egyptian language was the SPEAKING LANGUAGE OF THE CHRISTIAN POPULATION OF EGYPT UP TO THE XVII-XVIII CENTURIES. AD! The population at that time spoke Coptic. What was he like?
Marco Foscarino (16th century) wrote in his "Report": "Muscovites speak and write in the Slavic language (in lingua Schiavona), like the Dolmatins, Bohemi, Poles and Lithuanians. It is said that this language is very widespread: now it is well known in Constantinople at the court of the Sultan, and even in Egypt at the Sultan of Babylonia (il Soldano di Babilonia) it could usually be heard in the mouths of the Mamelucchi”(see ill. 3) [Marco Foscarino. Report on Muscovy // Report on Muscovy in the second half of the 16th century / Translation by V. I. Ogorodnikov. - M., Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities, 1913]. Thus, Foscarino's "Report" testifies to the fact that the Mamelukes of Egypt were Slavs who did not forget their native language. Does this not also indicate that the Mamelukes and Copts spoke the same language,WERE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SAME PEOPLE? It's just that the Mamelukes are the military class, and the Copts are the subjects of the Sultan who paid taxes. The Mamelukes were, like the Copts, Christians, as evidenced, as indicated earlier (in the first part), by Martin Baumgarten: "Now these Mamelukes are all made up of Christian fugitives who baptize their newborn babies" (see Fig. 2) [Baumgarten, Martin von (1473-1535). Visitor and descriptor of holy places, consisting of three parts of the world, or the Journey of Martin Baumgarten, the German Empire of a nobleman and cavalier, to Egypt, Arabia, Palestine and Syria, and the return from there to Germany, containing a description of these countries, many islands, cities, villages and temples, according to their position, natural qualities and properties,Usefully and pleasantly communicated to the world in three books / Translated into Russian and published for the benefit of society by the collegiate adviser Vasily Ruban. - SPb.: Type. The enclosures are foreign. co-religionists, 1794. - C. 102].
Fig. 4.
Further M. Baumgarten reports that the Mamelukes burned the sign of the cross on the heels. Here, apparently, he is disingenuous. The fact is that in Egypt, among the Copts, the tradition is still widespread to have a cross-tattoo on the body instead of a cross. Apparently, the "ancient Egyptian" Christians, instead of wearing a cross, pierced the sign of the cross on the skin. And in the old days, which is quite possible, they did not prick, but burned them out in order to wear the image of the cross all their lives. The fact that the Mamelukes were Christians is evidenced by the huge amount of Christian symbolism present on ancient Egyptian monuments. This is evidenced by the use of Egyptian Coptic Christians of ancient Egyptian temples as Christian churches and chapels. At the same time, it is known that the Copts did not knock down hieroglyphic inscriptions in "ancient Egyptian" temples.
It turns out that back in the 16th century, the Mamelukes and Copts embalmed the bodies of their deceased (see ill. 5) [See. Baumgarten M. UK. op. - S. 45].
Fig. five.
Perhaps the Mamelukes were not Slavs, but Turks? The fact is that in the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the New Age it was very difficult to distinguish one from the other. Thus, the Terek Cossacks, referred to in the state acts of the Republic of Ingushetia as "Georgians", knew not only Russian, but also the Turkic language perfectly, that is, they had two native languages, which was not a wonder for those times. For example, RI officer Sergei Pleshcheev, who visited Egypt in the 18th century, notes that at the request of Zulfigar-bey, an Egyptian dignitary, a certain "Georgian" Osip Paramonov, who was guarding Russian diplomats, constantly sang "Turkish songs", which delighted the ear of the said bey [Pleshcheev S. Diary notes of a trip from Archipelago, Russia belonging to the island of Paros to Syria and to memorable places within Jerusalem, located,with a short history of the Alibeyev conquests of the Russian Fleet of Lieutenant Sergei Pleshcheev at the end of 1772. - SPb., 1773. - C. 7.] … Most likely, the Mamelukes (and Copts) were equally proficient in both Russian and Tatar languages, which were native to them.
In Mameluk Egypt, a fur coat was a symbol of high position not only for civilians, but also for clergy: “Sheikh Hasan al-Khafrawi was dismissed and released from the duties of the Shafi'i mufti … by appointing Sheikh Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Khalifi in his place, dressing him in a fur coat of honor "(Of course, with sable - auth.) [Abd ar-Rahman al-Jabarti" Egypt on the eve of Napoleon's expedition (Amazing history of the past in biographies and chronicle of events). " Volume 2 (1776-1798). Translated from Arabic. Moscow, Main edition of oriental literature, 1974. - S. 50]. But, as you know, sable is not found in the Levant. Sable furs are well known in Russia. Here he was used, in particular, as a symbol of power and noble birth. For example, headdresses of Russian tsars are decorated with sable fur. And so we seethat not only Russian Tsars and princes, but also Egyptian Mamelukes wear sable coats. We must come to a conclusion about the Russian origin of the Mamelukes. Apparently, they belonged to the same ruling class of a single state located in Eurasia and Africa. Do you believe that the slaves bought in the slave market, as pseudo-historians assure us, had a steady habit of dressing in sable fur coats, like Russian princes? Their "position of slaves" was very tempting, since it was possible to wear sable coats. Of course, the Mamelukes were not slaves in the conventional sense of the word, since they obeyed only the Sultan of Babylon (now in the place of Babylon Cairo) - the imperial governor in Egypt.they belonged to the same ruling class of a single state located in Eurasia and Africa. Do you believe that the slaves bought on the slave market, as pseudo-historians assure us, had a steady habit of dressing in sable coats, like Russian princes? Their "position of slaves" was very tempting, since it was possible to wear sable coats. Of course, the Mamelukes were not slaves in the generally accepted sense of the word, since they obeyed only the Sultan of Babylon (now in the place of Babylon Cairo) - the imperial governor in Egypt.they belonged to the same ruling class of a single state located in Eurasia and Africa. Do you believe that the slaves bought on the slave market, as pseudo-historians assure us, had a steady habit of dressing in sable coats, like Russian princes? Their "position of slaves" was very tempting, since it was possible to wear sable coats. Of course, the Mamelukes were not slaves in the conventional sense of the word, since they obeyed only the Sultan of Babylon (now in the place of Babylon Cairo) - the imperial governor in Egypt.the Mamelukes were not slaves in the conventional sense of the word, since they obeyed only the Sultan of Babylon (now in the place of Babylon Cairo) - the imperial governor in Egypt.the Mamelukes were not slaves in the generally accepted sense of the word, since they obeyed only the Sultan of Babylon (now in the place of Babylon Cairo) - the imperial governor in Egypt.
Egyptian pyramids are made of soil and overlaid with a thin layer of blocks cast from geopolymer concrete. Inside the Egyptian pyramids, tourists see a couple of chambers, several passages, mines, but no one knows what outside these chambers. Moreover, the pyramids of Egypt were created on the site of natural hills. The hills were covered with earth, made the appropriate layout and overlaid with cast blocks. The pyramids of China are also created on the basis of natural hills. There was no need to cover them with concrete blocks. The Chinese and Egyptian pyramids are very much reminiscent of the Scythian mounds.
Often we see that the pyramids are surrounded with blocks ALREADY AT THE PRESENT TIME to prevent their destruction. Soon all the pyramids will be overlaid with modern slabs, and tourists will be told that it has been this way for millennia - ALWAYS. They will, of course, believe, since no one wants to feel deceived. But you should not consider yourself deceived, because the Scythians are Slavs. So the Greeks called the Slavs until the 15th century!
Mameluke armor. But this is the armor of the cataphractarius!
Author: Evgeny Koparev