Most scientists are real heroes. They ultimately solve all the problems of the world - from the invention of pasteurization and the X-ray apparatus to nuclear warheads and space travel. But science certainly has a dark side as well. Without an ethical constraint, some researchers go too far. Here, for example, are some really scary experiments that have been classified for a long time.
Monkey head transplant
Dr. Robert J. White was obsessed with brains. The Cleveland neurosurgeon was the first American physician to publicly declare brain tissue to be the physical repository of the human soul. In 1970, White conducted one of the most high-profile experiments of all time: he took and transplanted the head of one macaque to another. True, at that time the United States preferred to keep the results of the work classified. However, relatively recently, White presented his publications to the public. Indeed, he achieved considerable success: a monkey with a transplanted head could live for several days after the operation.
The Edgewood Experiments
The Edgewood Arsenal US military base is located near the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. From 1955 to 1975, this base was home to thousands of trials, with humans instead of guinea pigs. About 7,000 volunteers have signed up to participate in the Edgewood program. They were promised complete safety, and it was the perfect way to avoid military service in Vietnam. In fact, scientists have tested almost every chemical compound that exists on the unfortunate. The LSD-addicted soldiers fought an invisible foe, then pumped themselves up with barbiturates and plunged into prolonged dreams. They even used chemical gases like sarin.
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The Harvard Experiments
From 1978 to 1996, Ted Kaczynski sent 16 camouflaged bombs to various universities and airports. The man dubbed the Unabomber by the press did all this for a reason. According to recently declassified information, in 1959 Kachinsky participated in a strange psychological experiment conducted by Harvard professors. As part of the test, an unfortunate student was tied to a chair, electrodes were brought to his nails and blinded with spotlights. Under such conditions, Ted had to continue to defend his beliefs before a military tribunal - in this way the experimenters tried to understand how far torture must go to split an enemy soldier. Naturally, after a series of explosions, all information about the Unabomber was carefully hidden.
Operation Sea-Spray
During the Cold War, US government officials wanted to understand which cities were most susceptible to biological attacks. Nothing better than to arrange a "training experiment" did not occur to them, and in 1950 the fleet sent a boat with a cargo of contaminated test tubes to the Bay of San Francisco. For the experiment, the supposedly harmless microbe Serratia marcescens was chosen, the spread of which could be easily tracked thanks to the red pigment spots that appear in the infected. Unfortunately, it turned out that the microbe is not entirely harmless. In just 11 days of the operation, more than 800,000 San Francisco citizens were infected, and about a thousand died from respiratory tract infections.
Brainwashing
Donald Ewan Cameron had a reputation as a professional psychiatrist. This is because few people were aware of Cameron's experiments at the Allan Memorial Clinic. The doctor tried to cure schizophrenia, but he acted in such strange and harsh methods that they looked more like torture. Pumping patients with LSD, Cameron tied them to beds and applied electroconvulsive therapy. Eventually, the doctor's methods came to the attention of the CIA, and he was included in the infamous MKULTRA program. After the end of the program, Cameron retired - the doctor did not incur any punishment for his actions.