The twenty-first century was marked by a breakthrough in genetic engineering. Finally, scientists have invented genetic material that penetrates into every cell and contributes to the rejuvenation of the human body. Are the secrets of eternal youth revealed and everyone can now say to old age - no? Will such an elixir of life extension, directed against aging of the body and able to defeat the death of the body, appear in the free access in pharmacies?
Why is the body aging in general, according to what biological laws, after all, the death of old cells, for example, the epidermis, occurs every day and millions of new cells replace them. It would seem that with such a renewal of cells, the body should rejuvenate every day. The complete renewal of dead skin cells takes two to four weeks. The cornea of the eye will be renewed in a week. It takes ten to twelve days to replace cells in the human skeleton.
However, the reverse metamorphosis occurs: muscles sag, skin sags, hair turns gray or falls out altogether, vision deteriorates, memory and visual acuity weaken, bones become fragile, flexibility of the body, especially of the spine, etc. Beginning from the age of twenty-seven, the growth of the human body stops, and cell division slows down.
Aging is a change that affects all levels of the living matter of the organization, and these regular age-related changes in the body are called homeoresis. At the same time, muscle wasting is considered to be the cause of senile weakness, and his fault is myostatin - this is the protein that inhibits the growth of muscle tissue.
The very primary theory of aging is based on the molecular genetic hypothesis, according to which the main cause of aging is hidden in the primary changes in the cellular apparatus. The famous German biologist Weismann August is considered the creator of this theory, who in the middle of the nineteenth century put forward a hypothesis on the distribution of functions among the somatic and sexual carriers of genetic matter. Aging, according to this hypothesis, is absent in a unicellular organism. According to Weismann's theory, life span is determined by the ratio of sexual unicellular gene carriers and multicellular somatic carriers. Sexual germ cells never die, they store basic genetic information. The duration of the existence of the somatic that make up the body of a multicellular organism,limited due to differentiation.
Sex cells control the transmission of genetic information in the generations of each type of living organism, and somatic cells are called upon to provide the vital activity of the former. With the transfer of genetic information to its species, the living organism has fully fulfilled its purpose, and mother nature considers its further existence useless, therefore the fragmentation of somatic cells stops. It turns out the so-called natural selection, which is provided by nature itself.
The limit of cell division in 1961 was discovered by a professor at the University of California, Lenore Haylick. This theory serves as a kind of consequence of Weismann's. Empirically, Haylik came to the proof that an ordinary somatic cell has a limited number of divisions, called the Haylik number. According to this study, somatic cells have a limited mitotic reserve and, accordingly, the initially set life span.
Microbiologists have found that the ability of cells to divide a limited number of fifty to fifty-nine times is associated with such a concept as chromosomal telomeres. Such telomeres are a kind of protective ends of chromosomes, which, during the next cell division, shrink in size until they are completely depleted.
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In the twentieth century, another theory was proposed regarding aging. According to the newest hypothesis, protein structures in the cytoplasm outside the cell nucleus are involved in all aging processes of the body, participating in the differentiation of cells, the so-called centrioles, which serve as a direct counter of all divisions. Hence the centriolar theory named after Tkemaladze appeared. It is possible to grow cloned living individuals from the somatic cell nucleus without the participation of germ cells, following this hypothesis, which means that such a nucleus also has genetic information. Moreover, the cloning technology does not introduce any negative deviations into the born clones. For example, American scientists in the laboratory have grown a normal bladder wall, and Japanese scientists are working on growing tooth tissue.
The physiological productivity of the human body directly depends on the turnover of fluids in its body. When there is not enough fluid in the body, the body depletes and ages quickly. In addition, the qualitative composition of the water entering the body plays a huge role. For example, relict water is considered literally living water, as it has incredible healing power. Water from Antarctica is called relict, which froze in prehistoric times, the healing properties, which are characterized by its composition. In the seventies of the last century, the famous biologist Gennady Berdyshev found that in water, which contains increased concentrations of deuterium - tritium (heavy hydrogen), living cells divide only from thirty to forty times. Incrediblebut in the relict light water from the most ancient glaciers, division occurred from eighty to a hundred times, that is, the life of a cell doubled.
Bacteria frozen in relict water that lived three million years ago have phenomenal amazing properties. They do not die in boiling water, even after boiling for four hours. Relict bacteria do not die in alcohol, but rather can multiply in strong alcohol. So, is it really bacteria that contains the secret of eternal life?