Governing the country with the coming to power of Gorbachev began with perestroika. Perestroika was a revolution from above and was part of the Cold War unleashed by the West against the USSR.
And they began this perestroika with the announcement of glasnost, which was a program for the revolution in the minds of the Soviet people. According to this program, only opponents of the Soviet Union had the right to vote in the media. During the period of glasnost, all the great deeds and great people of Russia and the USSR were discredited, including statesmen and military leaders from Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky to Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov.
In particular, Alexander Nevsky was accused of initially choosing the wrong path, not submitting to Europe. But we know that the Ukrainian Daniel Galitsky submitted to Europe, and this submission led to the fact that Ukraine began to disappear from the face of the earth and only the annexation of Ukraine to Russia at the request of Bohdan Khmelnytsky saved the Ukrainian people from complete extinction.
There is every reason to assert that if Alexander Nevsky had not defeated the European army that attacked Russia, but submitted to Europe, then Russia and the Russian nation would have long since disappeared from the face of the earth, and mankind would have forgotten about their existence.
The subordination of the USSR to America led to the collapse of our country, and the subordination of the United States to the Russian Federation led from the very first day to the beginning of the extinction of the Russian people, which could not be completely stopped even in the current 2016, that is, more than a quarter of a century after this subordination to America.
Submission to America also led to the collapse of industry, agriculture and the decline of our country's culture.
During the period of glasnost, any emergency within the country was inflated to ecumenical proportions, and the Soviet socialist system was accused of it. Emergencies in Western countries were hiding from the Soviet viewer and listener, which is confirmation that glasnost was purposefully working to destroy the USSR. Our entire history was presented as a series of state atrocities and mistakes. All state institutions of power and institutions were vilified.
I remember how they even wrote about kindergartens that the teachers specially arrange drafts in them so that fewer children come to shift.
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Most of the material for the Soviet media was prepared in subversive Western Sovietological centers. According to the testimony of former KGB general NS Leonov, there were 120-125 Sovietological centers in the United States alone. Under the guise of publicity, there was a massive manipulation of the consciousness of our people. Our people began to feel themselves incapable and inadequate for anything worthy. We were told that we had allegedly committed thousands of criminal acts under the leadership of the Communist Party, for which we must repent. The Soviet state was presented as a fiend of hell.
Mikhail Gorbachev talked a lot. His speeches did not correspond at all to those of the leader of a great power, but rather resembled the empty chatter of a narrow-minded man in the street. But until 1987, he invariably shouted the slogan: "More socialism" and always uttered the words "new thinking" like an incantation, emphasizing the letter "s".
Then the slogan appeared: "More democracy!" Probably, reporting to his Western patrons, he often repeated one phrase: "The process has started." He urged us to focus on "universal human values", but neither he nor we understood what it was. In general, according to some scientists, only instincts can be universal. Values, as a historically conditioned product of culture, cannot be universal.
But it was clear that Gorbachev called on us to renounce national values in the name of universal human values, just as Trotsky had called in his time to renounce Russia's interests in the name of the world revolution.
D. O. Rogozin explained in the following way what was hidden under this slogan: “Under the slogan of the struggle for“universal human values,”the USSR fled from its zones of influence in Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa, but most importantly - in Eastern Europe and the Middle and the Middle East. He threw his property in these countries to plunder, and his friends to be torn apart."
As for the "new thinking", it is a call to accept Western propaganda, to renounce imperial thinking. The new thinking was supposed to lead to the rejection of the USSR, of Russian communism. The system of government of the country and its economy began to be deliberately destroyed under these spells.
In 1988 the USSR constitution was changed. "Formally, the Constitution of the USSR as amended in 1988 and the new electoral law were much less democratic than the constitutions of 1936 and 1977. The elections of people's deputies were not entirely equal and direct," wrote S. G. Kara-Murza.
According to the amended constitution, a new supreme legislative body was established - the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR, chairman and deputy. Chairman of the Supreme Council. In 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was elected, in which for the first time in the entire time of Soviet power there were no workers and peasants. Most of its members were journalists, scientists and management workers.
In March 1990, the Law “On the establishment of the post of President of the USSR and the introduction of amendments and additions to the Constitution of the USSR” was adopted. The President was endowed with tremendous powers. The post of president was needed not by the USSR, but by the West, for which it was easier to carry out decisions destroying the Soviet state when dealing with one person who could not reckon with collegial state bodies.
Mikhail Gorbachev was elected president in 1990 not by direct elections, but at the Congress of People's Deputies, since they knew that the people would not elect him.
On March 20, 1991, the Council of Ministers of the USSR was abolished and the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR under the President was introduced with a lower status and narrower functions compared to the Council of Ministers.
In 1988, a new Law "On the Election of People's Deputies of the USSR" was adopted. According to the new law, employees of the Executive Committees and Party Committees could not be elected as deputies to the Soviets. In fact, this meant the removal from power of all Soviet and party leaders of the country's regions, that is, the skeleton on which the state power in the localities was held.
The 1990 Law "On the General Principles of Local Self-Government and Local Economy of the USSR" divided public property and decentralized state power.
Thus, by 1990 we reached the realization of the most cherished dream of both the West and “their” liberals - the elimination of public property, which automatically leads to the elimination of the USSR.
This is how, step by step, from one new law to another, our country collapsed and after that someone claims that the USSR collapsed on its own.
In 1988, a mass of political organizations emerged with anti-Soviet and anti-union platforms. They arose with the support of the new leadership of the Central Committee of the CPSU, first to protect the aforementioned glasnost, and then moved on to promoting economic and political separatism.
Such organizations, in particular, were the "Popular Fronts" in the Baltic republics and the Interregional Deputy Group, which did everything possible to destroy our state. And while in the West separatism was considered the gravest crime of the state and was severely punished, in our country separatism was actually elevated to the rank of state policy.
The members of the MDG condemned the primacy of the union law over the republican law and demanded the abolition of the 6th article of the Constitution on the "leading role of the CPSU." They achieved their goal and the head of state - the President of the USSR (who was at the same time the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee) got out of the control of the party. Until 1985, one might say, the President of the country was the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, who was elected from among the members of the Politburo and coordinated his decisions with the Politburo. Legally, at that time, the supreme body of the country was the USSR Armed Forces and its working body - the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet.
And no matter how malignant the anti-Soviets were, the facts show that before the restructuring of the country's administration in the USSR, state issues were resolved collegially, that is, more democratic than when the post of President was introduced.
In fact, after the introduction of the post of President, the state apparatus of the USSR was destroyed and fragmented into groups and clans. In January 1990, the radical movement Democratic Russia was created. A huge number of nationalist organizations appeared that opposed the union center.
The people were instilled in disrespect and even hatred for the Soviet armed forces and law enforcement agencies. The campaign against the army, the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs was carried out especially harshly and widely, since these structures were called upon to protect the state and the people.
Discipline in the army was destroyed, preparations were underway for dismembering the army across the republics. “The military leadership was removed from participation in the solution of the most important military-political issues. Thus, the statement of Mikhail Gorbachev on January 15, 1986 on the program of complete nuclear disarmament of the USSR for 15 years, which amazed the whole world, was a surprise for the military, the above-mentioned scientist writes.
If such a program were carried out, then I am sure that the West would have destroyed the Russians immediately after its implementation.
In 1987, special police units (OMON) were created as part of the Internal Affairs Directorate to fight the people during rallies and demonstrations.
In 1989, a rubber truncheon was adopted by the police. The riot police and the baton especially clearly confirmed that we are becoming a democratic state from a “totalitarian” one.
In 1989-1991, under pressure from the press, most of the qualified personnel left the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the KGB, the court and the prosecutor's office. A rampant crime began in the country, with which there was no one to fight.
In connection with the transition to a market economy, a number of new bodies were created. At the same time, under the guise of a transition to "economic methods of management" and full cost accounting of enterprises in the central governing bodies of the USSR and the republics, 593 thousand workers were laid off in one year, including 81 thousand in Moscow. This became one of the important causes of the devastation. Information flows were blocked.
The state apparatus of the USSR, even before the reduction of staff, lacked a cadre of managers, and after the reduction it became incapacitated. It should be noted that, contrary to the opinion put in the minds of our people, the state apparatus of the USSR was distinguished by its small states compared to the state apparatus of other countries, for example, the United States.
Compared to the United States, we had a small number of management personnel. The Soviet government system was much more effective than the US government system. “The US government hires from 17 to 20 percent of the total population, while in the USSR there were only 12 percent of managers,” A. Shevyakin points out.
The developing huge national economy required an increase in the apparatus of power and administration, and under Gorbachev, they were reduced by almost 600 thousand people in just one year. All of the above actions destroyed the national economy of the country.
In 1985, experiments began with ministries. In 1987, ministerial leapfrog began, when ministries were divided and merged without any single system. "In fact, starting in 1986, the central administrative apparatus of the economy became incapacitated."
In the state economic system, the financial system and the consumer market were deliberately destroyed. “The Soviet state had a special financial system consisting of two“circuits”. In production, non-cash (in a certain sense, “fictitious) money” communicated, the amount of which was determined by the intersectoral balance and which were repaid by mutual settlements. In fact, there was no financial capital and loan interest in the USSR (money was not sold).
In the consumer goods market, normal money circulated, received by the population in the form of wages, pensions, etc. Their amount was strictly regulated in accordance with the mass of goods and services in hand. This made it possible to maintain low prices and prevent inflation. Such a system could operate with a strict prohibition on mixing two circuits (transferring non-cash money into cash). It was this system that was broken during perestroika.
The second feature was the fundamental inconvertibility of the ruble. The scale of prices in the USSR was completely different from that on the world market, and the ruble could circulate only within the country (this was a “receipt” according to which each citizen received his dividends from public property - in the form of low prices).
Therefore, the contour of cash had to be strictly closed in relation to the external market by the state monopoly of foreign trade. The liberalization of the financial system and the market in the USSR could be carried out only after bringing the scale of prices and wages in line with world ones. In 1988-1989. both contours of the financial system of the USSR were revealed. First of all, the monopoly of foreign trade was abolished,”the aforementioned scientist continues to investigate the destruction of the USSR financial system.
The abolition of the monopoly of foreign trade and a number of other, to put it mildly, ill-considered actions of the authorities led to irreparable destruction of the country's financial system.
When speculating, many commodities yielded revenue of $ 50 per ruble of costs. By 1991, more than a million color TVs had been sold in Turkey alone. Other products manufactured by Soviet industrial enterprises were also widely sold. The internal market of the USSR was left without goods. The 1987 State Enterprise (Association) Act allowed non-cash money to be converted into cash. Inflation started in the country.
Together with it, wages began to increase sharply due to the destruction of enterprises, so if in 1985 24% of the profit was left for the development of the enterprise, then in 1990 - 3%. Contributions to the budget also decreased, and most of the profits went to bonuses and other wage supplements.
As a result, the personal incomes of employees for a short time increased, and enterprises, deprived of funds for the development and renewal of their products, had to cease to exist over time.
In addition, “such an increase in income, coupled with a simultaneous reduction in inventories in trade, led to the collapse of the consumer market (“goods were blown off the shelves”). Coupons for vodka, sugar, shoes were introduced. Imports were sharply increased.
Until 1989, the USSR had a stable positive balance in foreign trade, in 1987 the excess of exports over imports amounted to 7.4 billion rubles, and in 1990 there was a negative balance of 10 billion rubles …
The position of the RSFSR turned out to be even worse: until 1989 it had no budget deficit (in 1989 there was an excess of revenues over expenditures of 3.9 billion rubles), and in 1990 the deficit of the state budget of the RSFSR amounted to 29 billion rubles, in 1991 - 109.3 billion rubles.
The growth of the deficit was also facilitated by the "anti-alcohol campaign" launched in May 1985. This company actually transferred the production and sale of alcoholic beverages to private hands. People began to drink homemade, life-threatening vodka.
“The state internal debt of the USSR increased as follows: 1985 - 142 billion rubles. (18.2% of GNP); 1989 - 399 billion rubles. (41.3% of GNP); 1990 - 566 billion rubles. (56.6% of GNP); for 9 months of 1991 it amounted to 890 billion rubles.
The gold reserve, which at the beginning of perestroika was 2,000 tons, fell to 200 tons in 1991. The external debt, which was practically absent in 1985, in 1991 amounted to about $ 120 billion, these are the statistics.
And for almost 30 years we have been inspired by the idea of the economic collapse of the USSR due to the alleged failure of socialist methods of management, while the economic power of the USSR began to be destroyed from the time of Mikhail Gorbachev's coming to power and was destroyed methodically for six years under the guise of reforms …
In 1990, they got to the banks - a number of state-owned banks began to transform into commercial ones. The actions of the "reformers" ultimately led to an uncontrolled rise in prices, a decrease in real incomes of the population, inflation and, as indicated above, to an increase in the state's external debt.
The greatest achievement of mankind in the twentieth century - the planned socialist economic system, created in the USSR, was eliminated. But we owe it to her for the fact that in the 1930s, in 10 years, we traveled the path that Europe covered for 100 years, won the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. from the enemy, when attacked twice exceeding our strength, and ensured the security and intensive development of the country in the 40 post-war years.
The Soviet state, through a plan, maintained a balance between production, consumption and accumulation. The previously mentioned Law "On State Enterprises (Associations)" led to a sharp decrease in capital investments, both through the state budget and from enterprises' funds. All government programs were curtailed, and a rapid decline in production began.
Thus, the liberal minority that seized power took the first steps to reduce the level of production of our country of industrial and agricultural products to the level of the 9th century. Most of the industries, for example, machine-tool building, were doomed to a complete stop and the death of all enterprises in the industry. The same can be said for agricultural engineering, the production of tractors, road equipment, consumer electronics and other industries.
Over time, we stopped producing even civil aviation aircraft with domestic units and engines and other products, the quantity and quality of production of which were ahead of the whole world.
The introduction of contractual prices also led to a reduction in the output of goods in physical terms, with an apparent increase in production volumes in value terms. The profitability of goods sold at contractual prices immediately became 3 times higher than the average. The decline in production covered almost all sectors of the national economy. The financial and credit system was brought into crisis.
The planning system has been discredited by thousands of false statements about the state of the Soviet and Western economies. Comparing the Soviet and Western systems, reformers from academician Aganbegyan to a provincial newspaper correspondent distorted and manipulated the facts.
In May 1991, a draft law “On denationalization and privatization of industrial enterprises” was presented. The laws were prepared, bypassing the still existing state structures, and, as I think, they were prepared in the West and implemented by revolutionary democrats in our country, because they all led to the destruction of the USSR.
S. G. Kara-Murza writes that the Law on Privatization essentially liquidated not only the Soviet economic system, but also the social system as a whole (the matter was even deeper - it was a turn to a different civilizational trajectory than before, a turn from economy to chrematistics). All the economic, social and cultural consequences of this step, which became obvious after 3-4 years, were accurately predicted by experts in May 1991.
But the experts were not heard by our intelligentsia and Gorbachev's "reforms" destroyed the country. In addition, it should be noted that privatization was the most unjust act in the entire history of the Russian Empire. Russia is not America or Europe. In contrast, we had to defend our land for centuries from the enemies that were pressing on us. Our people, who died in millions on the battlefield, have earned their right to own land, mineral resources, industrial enterprises, all means of production.
The division of public property also created interethnic contradictions. The behavior of the democrats (liberals) showed the entire anti-Russian orientation of perestroika. Researchers draw attention to the fact that the Democrats supported only anti-Soviet and anti-Russian nationalism.
On the contrary, experiencing a threat from ethnographic movements, the national minorities of the republics, who saw the defender in the face of the USSR and Russia (Ossetians and Abkhazians, Gagauz, Karakalpaks, etc.), displayed defensive Russophile nationalism, which the democrats assessed negatively.
The Popular Fronts in the Baltics, created in 1988 under the cover of the republican communist parties "in support of perestroika", in 1989 switched to openly anti-Soviet separatist positions.
Democrats supported these Baltic fronts in every possible way. And they not only supported, but also took an active part in the creation of these popular fronts, their protection and propaganda. In most republics, bloodshed was organized on a national basis.
Only Belarus rejected the ideology of nationalism imposed by the democrats. GV Starovoitova was in charge of national issues among the democrats. Under her leadership, a lot of innocent blood was shed.
She declared the need to liberate non-Russian peoples from "colonial rule" and their political self-determination, argued that nations are the basis of civil society and their self-determination "above the idea of state sovereignty."
In any Western country at that time, she would have been tried and isolated from society for calling for separatism as a state criminal. But in perestroika Russia, all doors were open to her and all the media were provided. The overwhelming majority of the People's Deputies of the RSFSR elected in 1990 were radical democrats.
Union republics were declared as sovereign states and the RSFSR began to conclude bilateral treaties with them. In February 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics on Land.
This Law, like all other laws adopted during perestroika, contributed to the destruction of the USSR, since the land and its subsoil were defined not as the property of the entire people, but as the property of the peoples living in this territory.
The declaration of sovereignty, adopted in June 1990 by the I Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, affirmed the supremacy of republican laws over the laws of the USSR. This law of the RSFSR was also aimed at the collapse of the USSR.
Other adopted laws of the RSFSR even provided for punishment for the execution of union laws that were not ratified by the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. The jurisdiction of the RSFSR included enterprises of the Union subordination, located on its territory, and the taxation system deprived the Union center of its own financial sources. This was already started by the RSFSR under the dictation of the West and its striking force - the radical democrats - the beginning of the liquidation of the USSR. Following the RSFSR, other Soviet republics adopted similar laws.
Thus, it is obvious that since 1985, within 6 years, a lot of actions have been committed aimed at the collapse of the Soviet Union.