The old buildings and structures that survived through wars and cataclysms raise the question of how? And these are not necessarily cult objects. Probably, in every settlement above the average, with a history of more than 150 years, there is a stone building, which no one is able to repeat now. Moreover, attempts to demolish such structures by hand are very difficult. Nevertheless, there is a lot of evidence that they were made in the 19th century. What were the secrets of the builders of those years?
Probably here we need to start with the fact that by historical standards it was almost yesterday, and during this time people could not make a sharp evolutionary leap. Their intellectual abilities were at the same level as that of modern people. Moreover, they did not have computers and did not have modern technological equipment, which puts them in a worse position compared to modern builders. Despite this, it was in the 19th century that most of the historical centers of large cities around the world were built up. And Russia is no exception (let's leave St. Petersburg aside for now, although everything is not so simple there either). This construction was caused by the fact that some incomprehensible cataclysm passed through the world, which completely or partially destroyed many of the buildings that had been before, and they had to be rebuilt. And made them sothat modern people can only guess, and historians in all seriousness put forward versions of the sacred knowledge of Masons (masons, and not those whom Stalin disliked). Where in the world chronology did the gap occur, which nullified all the knowledge and experience accumulated by the builders of those years? Let's try to understand this based on the available historical materials.
There are a lot of examples of such structures in research papers now. There are photos of numerous objects with brick walls, made in a unique style, beyond the reach of today's specialists. In addition to such buildings, there are many buildings with external decoration.
Probably, ordinary people will immediately have the idea that this is the legacy of some Holy Roman Empire from an unknown century. This is the parliament building in Vienna, and we will return to it a little later. There are also examples of architectural masterpieces of the 19th century.
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How was it all built? Very simple, a routine routine for builders.
Here are just the blocks for construction in this case, neatly stacked and signed. In all similar photos of the construction of bridges and viaducts, you can see such a picture. As a rule, blocks are always stacked somewhere to the side. According to the official version, these blocks were hewn out of nonmetallic materials in quarries, but this turned out to be completely different. They were cast in special factories. Information on this topic is available here and in many works of various researchers. Why then suddenly in our time they cannot repeat it? There are probably reasons.
As you can see, there is some strange artifact at the place of production of these blocks, which is now not found anywhere (more precisely, now it exists and is called a tunnel oven, but has completely different principles). Thanks to him, the blocks receive those properties that modern technology does not produce. And these properties were given so easily and simply that in that century it was very easy to stamp numerous decorative details and it was not at all expensive.
And they did it all at the same factories where they made blocks and bricks. By the way, in European languages, blocks and bricks are called a single word - briquette. And all these delights were done quite easily and simply with improvised means.
Tiles and tiles should also be added here. The technology has been fully developed. Actually, all these products can be conditionally divided into two large groups - those that used lime-based material for the manufacture and those that used clay for these purposes. The latter apparently were mainly for economy-class buyers, since lime deposits are much less common than clay. This is very clearly seen on the example of Russia. Not everyone could afford to build houses of white stone with decorations, but brick barns were found even among wealthy peasants.
Recently, a lot of photos of old bricks with brands of manufacturers and admiration for their form preserved through the years have appeared on the network. Indeed, there is something to admire. Some specimens, as masons say, can be cut, although these bricks are much older than the masons themselves. Many pundits and quite seriously say that it's all about the eggs, which were kneaded into the brick material. You don't need to be a great mathematician to understand that if they made a brick in volume, as on the same building of the Parliament of Vienna, all the chickens in the area would be carried only for him. Of course not, the eggs have nothing to do with it, the secret must be sought in another product. In the 19th century, they already learned how to make bricks in a mechanized way.
As you can see, this is an ordinary extruder, into which you throw raw materials, and it interferes and squeezes out the finished bricks like a paste from a tube. More precisely, not quite ready, it still had to be cut off. And such bricks could be given any profile and voidness. In addition to such a machine, there were also presses for extruding bricks into molds. There were no secrets in making clay for bricks. The only thing is that not every clay could fit in its qualities. In some cases, mineral additions were made to the clay, but this was not a secret either then or now. Nevertheless, the brick turned out to be such that it is not possible to repeat its qualities in mass production at the present time. So what's the deal? We look at historical sources.
As you can see, there were a lot of brick factories in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. Probably, at that time there was a construction boom (it was necessary to rebuild after an incomprehensible cataclysm that destroyed all the forests). And at the same time, there are many references to Hoffmann furnaces as the main indicators of production capacity. What is this anyway? Oddly enough, there are no such stoves in the wiki sources, although they were much more common than all other industrial stoves. Even now this oven is known only to a narrow circle of specialists. It was not without difficulty that we managed to find its description.
Actually, here is the picture that the description refers to.
And then oops … there is another description from France.
Compare the pictures in both pictures. And also the type of the font and (possibly, because they scanned with different devices) the structure of the paper. Everything would be fine, but these printed works were issued (as if) by two completely different publishing houses, and this is not a translation of one language into another.
In our age it is very simple - pulled a picture from the Internet, inserted it and it was good. And here it is not like the Internet, even before copiers and the photomechanical method of printing photographs was very far away. How to understand this fact? It's very simple - both prints were made in one place for distribution in different countries. And most likely, much later than the date indicated on them. And this is nothing more than another falsification that replaced real books, or maybe these books did not exist at all. The craftsmen at that time were not interested, let alone in books, they did not have any project documentation either. Everything was in the mind or rough notes, and passed on from generation to generation.
What about our Hoffman oven? Let's try to restore the details. To do this, take the third (do not be surprised) her identical drawing from the third edition and see it schematically.
According to the description, bricks for drying and firing were loaded into chamber No. 1. In place # 2, charcoal fuel was burning, where it was thrown from the roof of the furnace. Where could the heated air go? Only into the pipe, as indicated by the arrows. But this cannot be. In this case, useful warm air flies out. If the direction of the air goes the other way around and enters the drying chamber from top to bottom, then again two circumstances interfere: - without pumps, the hot air cannot be dispersed in this direction and the flame cannot be sustained; - on the existing surviving bricks, there is not a trace of soot on them, which in this case would be inevitable. And again we see nonsense.
And again everything falls into place if we imagine that in the fuel chambers there are the very same pneumatic stoves that give hot air without burning wood or coal. The whole scheme ends logically. The stove drives the air from top to bottom, heating the air inside to high temperatures. To supply air from the required direction, the required furnace was started and internal partitions were installed. And the process went on without stopping. Fireless firing of bricks gave it those properties that bricks do not have now. Some sources mention that the bricks were dried with hot steam, which does not seem paradoxical. It was he who created that very strength and durability. Luminaire gas production described here proceeded in a similar way. And with marble and white stone it was more difficult - tunnel ovens without heating were needed to harden them (see photo above),but with an electric field. Perhaps, this achieved internal heating, perhaps, in addition to this, the internal crystallization of calcium carbonate proceeded in a more organized and fast manner. In this regard, the production of clay bricks looked simpler and more profitable.
The considered furnace was stationary and they were built in large clay deposits. Wouldn't it be easier to build such furnaces directly at the facilities if they are large? Such mobile ovens were also present at the facilities, and for an overview we look at the photo of the construction of the Vienna Parliament building in 1876-1879.
As you can see, everything is just beginning. The foundation is brick, nothing out of the ordinary. Construction is like construction, as elsewhere, there is business disorder all around.
As you can see, in the foreground there is an unsightly building with two chimneys. This is not a change house or a garage. The builders' house is located a little further and the territory is fenced. Strangely enough, smoke does not come from the pipes. The walls of the first floor are made of white stone.
As you can see, as the building was ready, another pipe was attached to this house, apparently, the capacity was increased. This is an example of the same mobile oven. Of course, they did not make white stones in it, but most likely they made a mortar mixture to bind them, the same lime mixture that becomes harder than a stone over the years. Apparently, there were special requirements for her. And that mixture hardened in the masonry for a reason, but thanks to the electric field of the building. The same effect was used as in the manufacture of marble in an electric field. When the building was put into operation, its power system was adjusted, and that, in turn, dried the lime.
And what happened? At the end of the 19th century, when the technologies of free energy began to be destroyed by globalizers, the technologies for the production of bricks and stone blocks became hostages of this process. But it was impossible to completely stop their production. For this, more primitive methods of their manufacture were invented, which are still used with modifications. A series of wars and revolutions in Europe largely contributed to this regression. In the rest of the world, the destruction took place with the usual use of administrative resources, which in general did not bother anyone. The Stone Age ceased to exist, giving way to clay and cement. To hide historical traces, historical and technical literature was fabricated, which finally tore new generations of engineers away from the real pictures of that time. And already in our time, the ruins of those very primitive brick factories from the beginning of the 20th century are presented as the very Hoffman ovens, which have long been gone around the world.
Author: tech_dancer
