Quite right, we will talk about the very famous Kanatchikova dacha, it is now the Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after NA Alekseeva of the Moscow City Health Department, she was also a hospital named after Kashchenko. This institution in Moscow is as famous as the Tretyakov Gallery. In many respects, this popularity at one time was due to the circulation among the people of the famous song of Vladimir Vysotsky. And many luminaries of domestic medicine devoted their energies to serving in this institution. And besides all this, there is still something that is little known to the same residents of Moscow. However, everything in order.
The history of the Kanachikovaya dacha begins in the 19th century. At the beginning of the century, the land plot belonged to Ivan Petrovich Beketov, a relative of the book publisher P. P. Beketov. He took this site, according to available data, completely without vegetation and dug up ravines from the extraction of clay by the nearby brick factories. During his tenure of this site, he ennobled it and built a dacha. But not just a summer cottage, but a large house with three greenhouses for plants from Indian, African and American countries. In addition, he planted a relic forest on this site, and the Chura river flowing on the site (had several names in different sources, including the Czartoriy stream), now flowing underground in an artificial collector there, turned into a picturesque pond, and now living like a pond Becket in the park of the same name. I. P. Beketov enclosed his plot with a blank fence,and those who were there called this place "the prepoetic corner." In the middle of the 19th century, after the death of Beketov, the merchant Kanatchikov acquired this land with buildings.
Absolutely nothing is known about the merchant Kanatchikov, even his portraits have not survived, but with this deal, without knowing it, he glorified himself for centuries. According to reports, he gave this dacha to his son, but he did not live there and did not follow this dacha. As a result, this place has fallen into disrepair over the years and has become a through route for local residents. According to some sources, the residents dismantled and took away everything that could be carried away there, even the house was taken apart brick by brick. About the house, probably, is most likely a fantasy, whoever tried at least once to disassemble the 19th century masonry by hand will understand what it is about.
In the second half of the 19th century, the heirs of the merchant Kanatchikov sell this place to the municipal authorities of Moscow, and here it probably makes sense to quote from the source - "Real estate in Moscow / comp. A. D. Kolosovsky. - M.: Gor. type., 1899 ".
From this moment the history of this hospital begins, and here it is necessary to cite another source.
Since the document is large, we will cite in denominations and only the most interesting (without destroying the context), which should be paid attention to. Well, to put aside in memory what is selected, then this information will come in handy.
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It is very difficult to imagine that in a psychiatric hospital for several hundred people (with the exception of a certain percentage of chronic people) there are no bars on the windows and the desire to escape from patients. Sick at all times have been sick, and imagining for example such (it is a sin to laugh),
you can be sure that there is not like the bars on the windows, there is not much of a checkered sky. Maybe the patients were treated with something that made them fight off the desire to run away? That being said, the book mentions occupational therapy, which makes patients so calm. Maybe this is of course the case in reality, but statistics are immediately given where only 35% of patients worked. What did the others do? These conclusions about the usefulness of occupational therapy smell more like Marx-Engels, whose works began to be introduced into all spheres of activity a little later than the year of this book's release. But there, sorry, the year 1906 is on the title page (see above). Where did such revolutionary ideas come from at that time in the hospital? The answer turned out to be quite simple.
In 1904, Pyotr Petrovich Kashchenko was appointed the chief physician of the hospital, who, in addition to his medical work, was also a revolutionary underground worker. Surely, at the time of writing the book, information about the hospital was taken personally from him, or, in fact, his words were translated into the same quoted document. Well, in the spirit of revolutionary teachings, he presented everything as it should. Kashchenko, simultaneously with his medical activities, participated in the events of 1905 and conducted underground work. Kashchenko's biography is quite rich. He did not work for long at the Kanatchikova dacha, in 1907 he was transferred to St. Petersburg, and then he came to Moscow to take leading positions in the People's Commissariat of Health. He died in 1920 after complications from surgery. No wonder, the time was troubled and many revolutionaries died at that time under mysterious circumstances. The same hospital where he worked for a short time was named after Kashchenko, and she bore this name until 1994, after which her former name was returned to her. And what was in the hospital before head physician Kashchenko came to it?
And there was the chief physician there, the same Viktor Romanovich Butske mentioned in the description, who is practically unknown in our time. It was he who, as they say now, drew up the conceptual design and draft design of this hospital, and then the architects embodied it in detail. Prior to this hospital, Butske ran another psychiatric hospital in Moscow, and even earlier he lived and worked in Bonn. In those days, it was very common that Russian specialists of various profiles traveled to Europe as to their home (or maybe really to their home - now no one really knows the real real western borders of the Russian Empire). It was under Butsk that the very instruments of pacification, isolation wards for the sick and other attributes that terrified them disappear from the hospital. Butske worked at the Kanatchikovaya dacha until his death. What secrets did he possess? Now you don't know, but let's try to reconstruct from what we have.
So, Kanatchikova dacha in old photos.
This photo is present on all historical sites. Obviously, it was made from the attic of one of the buildings. Immediately striking is the strange chimney of the utility block, which looks more like an antique column. This is the same boiler room, which is in the description. It was she who supplied hot water and steam to the kitchen, laundry and other departments. Behind it, obviously, is the pipe of the very power plant that was built according to the description in 1902. It turns out that from 1892 to 1902 you were in the hospital by candlelight? It is quite possible that only the power plant should work around the clock, but the smoke from that chimney does not come, which is very strange. In addition, why, then, are there still small pipes on the roof of the utility block on the left, and also shaped work? The question, however.
In place of the porch, there are two brick structures, seemingly without any functionality. There are no statues or lanterns. Why were they made? Usually in Russian architecture, a canopy was made on supports of this thickness. A canopy is such an engineering structure, when passing through which a person "dawned". Many of the old surviving temples have these canopy in the form of beautiful arches with stairs. But who could be dawned on in this institution (I recall the anecdote about the down and the miracle mushroom), and even at the exit, and not at the entrance? And why was this canopy broken? One more question.
There is another circled pipe on the main office building, but to describe it, let's see the next photo.
Our pipe circled in the last photo stands slightly hidden behind the building. Nevertheless, there is another pipe on the building, and, judging by its appearance, it was made much later than the first pipe. Why did it happen? Obviously, the standard pipe was in the place where the cross now stands, if you look at the plan along the axes, it will come out that way. It turns out that the pipe was moved (most likely together with the oven), and a cross was put in its place. According to the description, in this place there was most likely the same church with an oak iconostasis. It turns out that the church was moved to this room from another place and much later? But why? In Russian architecture, there were quite a few cases when domes were put on drums in medical institutions. And they were designed in such a way that it was immediately clear that this was a standard design, and not a room adaptation, as in this case. This is another questionand there are already too many of them. Maybe it's time to take a look at the top view.
As you can see, our hospital from above is very much reminiscent of ancient palaces in its symmetry. No. 1 is a central administrative building with male and female buildings branching out to the sides, No. 2 is an economic block with that very strange pipe that is still alive. No. 3 is the above-mentioned Ermakov building for men, No. 4 is the Kaptsov building for women (according to unverified data, now abandoned). # 5 is the same funeral church mentioned in the distance.
As you can see, there is no more power plant with another pipe, and the area is heavily overgrown. Maybe these are the very gardens that the patients have grown. It's hard to say, for obvious reasons the territory is closed and there are practically no photos of this territory in the public domain. To the south of the Becket pond, you can see a spot of a parking lot, then there is a checkpoint and satellite imagery ends at all services. But let's try to understand what happened to the hulls.
Attempts to find the old photos of Ermakov's corps gave only one result.
What's on his roof? Not otherwise, the same pipe from the utility block, only in a reduced form. Nevertheless, the width of the pipe in the lower part is commensurate with the width of the window (as if not more). And the superstructure above it is of such height that if we compare this building and the utility block, they would be the same in height.
Since the buildings are typical, such pipes should have been on all buildings of the hospital complex. But in 1906, these pipes are already modified and without upper parts. What does this mean? Only one thing - with the commissioning of the power plant, all pipes were partially demolished, and possibly completely altered. The picture is starting to clear up.
No less mysterious is the Kaptsov corps.
The dormer on the roof of the building is made of brick walls, and the foundation of the building is made not on rough stones, as was done in the old days, but on well-fitted stone slabs. Such slabs could only be obtained by casting. And in some places on the roof you can see fragments of replaced pipes. This case should be discussed separately.
As you know, V. Vysotsky composed his song about Kanatchikov's dacha almost on an impromptu basis, during his tour in Donbass. But few people know that in this hospital he was a patient, and even more than once. It was here that he composed his little-known song, for which at that time it was really possible to get a term, and verses:
The first time he got into this institution was no less than 26 years old. The head physician of the hospital at that time said that he became famous not for his many years of scientific work in psychiatry, but for the fact that an almost unknown alcoholic then came to his institution, who then composed a song about Kanatchikova's dacha. The surname of the head physician, however, in the song he called fake, in those days it would have been too much.
Then Vysotsky found himself in this establishment again between some of his many visits to Paris. Probably, under the influence of medical procedures, he imagined Paris something like this:
And for the patients of such a group at that time, the Kaptsov corps served.
In Soviet times, its appearance has changed.
More recently, a group of extreme tourists were able to get inside this building, which was then abandoned.
The halls are more like a temple than a medical building. What were these niches for? The contingent was clearly not the one for whom it is possible and interesting to look at the statues, and in such institutions they avoided protruding corners and ledges. The description said that residents of this building are allowed access only to the fenced yard. It turns out that the temple was created for them right in the building? But this building is sectional, the same halls were in other parts of the building. It turns out that with a certain step the temples were everywhere in this building. Or, to approximate the result, the corpus itself was in some way like a temple. Only there were as many domes on it as there were such halls, and as soon as the power plant was built, these domes were turned into chimneys. Or maybe these temples also provided energy for those very mentioned buffets, baths and other communal needs.
Church number 5 on the plan was originally intended for funeral rituals. There are practically no old photos of her.
Such a church was in the late 80s of the 20th century. Nowadays it is the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker at the hospital.
As you can see, the appearance of the temple has changed, the premises of the morgue have been added to it. The temple is like a temple, there is nothing unusual about it. But if we imagine that it was originally conceived by architects as a purely technical structure, its purpose becomes quite clear. But nevertheless, this does not answer the above questions. We return to cartographic sources.
As you can see, Beketovskaya dacha has already been on the maps since 1856, even its buildings have been drawn. And the pond seems to be much larger than it is now. Maybe a cartographer's mistake?
No, it clearly has a different shape and is much larger in size than it is now, and perhaps even reached hospital buildings. A surveyor worked on this plan, mistakes are unlikely here. But this is not an argument either. The shallowing of water bodies is now recorded almost everywhere.
Where are the secrets? We recall that strange chimneys used to always work only if there was a temple building in the immediate vicinity of a height not lower than the chimney itself. It is written about this here and in many other articles. Our chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker is clearly not strong here. But where was the same Beketova-Kanatchikova dacha, which seemed to be pulled apart into bricks. We return to the satellite plan again.
Let's practice a little in AutoCAD, and oops … miracles begin.
It turns out that if you draw a red circle with a center from an incomprehensible and unknown structure with a radius to the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, then this circle strictly falls into our church on the administrative building. And the angle between the radius to the center of the head of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the axis of the administrative building is strictly 45 degrees. And if we shift this circle along the axis without changing the radius and turn it into yellow, then the edge of the circle quite clearly falls into our incomprehensible pipe. There are no such miracles and coincidences in electromechanics.
What does this mean? Well, at least that the Kanatchikova dacha keeps hidden secrets. For some reason, buildings in the centers of the yellow and red circle did not fall into any descriptions of hospital buildings from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day, and there are no photographs of them in the available archives from the word at all. And even in the above source, these buildings were not included in the schemes and the photographers successfully did not include them in the foreshortening. And they played a major role in the existence of the hospital complex until the moment of their complete or partial destruction. Judging by the angle between the axis and the radius in the red circle, in the center of this structure there was a six-sided building with a height exceeding the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker by a small height. This building worked as a source of energy for the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the church in the administrative building. The latter was obviously not intended for patients. There was something else for the patients, which was in a building centered in a yellow circle. It was the very source of energy that powered that very strange pipe. It is clear that in both cases the concept of energy is completely arbitrary. One of the manifestations of this energy was the reception of ordinary physical energy, which provided the hospital complex with hot water, steam and possibly electric lighting. After a long search, this building was identified - this is the same Kanatchikova dacha that Beketov built. Only the pond approached it much closer than we see it now, which was reflected on the maps of that time. One of the manifestations of this energy was the reception of ordinary physical energy, which provided the hospital complex with hot water, steam and possibly electric lighting. After a long search, this building was identified - this is the same Kanatchikova dacha that Beketov built. Only the pond approached it much closer than we see it now, which was reflected on the maps of that time. One of the manifestations of this energy was the reception of ordinary physical energy, which provided the hospital complex with hot water, steam and possibly electric lighting. After a long search, this building was identified - this is the same Kanatchikova dacha that Beketov built. Only the pond approached it much closer than we see it now, which was reflected on the maps of that time.
It turns out that nobody disassembled it brick by brick, and most likely in its original form there was a high dome on this building, which exceeded the very pipe. Perhaps this building was reconstructed, and its remains remain in that place to this day.
Until the early 1900s, a temple functioned in this house, where, apparently, patients were taken. And it was there that they were influenced by something that pacified them and discouraged any desire to run away. And immediately all the incomprehensible artifacts fall into place, including the canopy on the back of the courtyard. People went through them to the temple. Since the people were specific, it was necessary to "overshadow" them in advance.
So what happened? As always, everything is covered with darkness. Butske resigns from his post in the fall of 1903 for health reasons, and in February 1904 he dies. The new chief physician, Kashchenko, begins at his post to introduce revolutionary-reformist ideas, and most likely, with him, the same occupational therapy begins. The hospital complex is brought to the form in which we see it in the photo. Moreover, work is underway to erase from memory how the hospital actually operated before. It is not for nothing that this hospital bore the name of Kashchenko for almost 80 years. It is possible that the printed material from 1906 was the usual Bolshevik stuffing of a later time, many indirect signs indicate this.
What does this mean? Most likely, the "soft power" was carrying out its work on dismantling the heritage of their ancestors long before 1917, and then there was a usual rebranding for a more active phase of this destruction. After 70 years, another rebranding took place, since almost everything had already been destroyed and the national memory was erased. When is the next rebranding?
Author: tech_dancer