Let us recall the signs of the formation of civilization: the settled residence of people (in settlements, cities), the emergence of handicrafts, the division of labor and the exchange (trade) of the fruits of this labor - food, clothing and footwear, household utensils, jewelry, and religious objects. Civilization is also impossible without social and religious orderliness of the "popular masses", without the presence in society of one form or another of the supreme governance structure. According to modern scientific concepts, the most ancient civilizations on Earth - in Egypt, Mesopotamia (Sumer), India, China, Palestine (Jericho) - arose no earlier than 8000-9000 years ago.
Finding the grave diggers
In the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, on the banks of the Unstrut River, twenty kilometers north-west of Naumburg, lies the town of Nebra. In the late 1990s, several very ancient objects were found in a shallow hole carved into rocky soil and then covered with earth, inside a ring-shaped rampart of artificial origin that crowns the flat, forested summit of Mount Mittelberg, in the vicinity. Grave robbers accidentally stumbled upon them. The find consisted of two swords, several bracelets, at first glance, dating back to the Bronze Age, as well as an amazing piece of unknown purpose. Here we will talk about him.
The product is a bronze circle 32 cm in diameter and 2 mm thick. On its surface are images of the crescent moon, the solar disk, and chaotically scattered stars. In addition, on opposite sides along the edges there are two arc-shaped stripes, one of which has been lost, and under the Sun and Moon, at the edge of the circle, there is a crescent-shaped stripe, symbolizing, according to researchers, the Solar Rook. All the patron saint of the above mentioned elements of the firmament are overhead and made of gold.
Amazing Disk Research Results
Before the Star Disk (as scientists began to call it) became the subject of scientific research, it experienced a real crime odyssey. The robbers, who found the archaeological treasure, set out to sell the found items, and first of all the Disk, as the most valuable find. But this turned out to be a difficult task, since, according to the laws of Germany, the treasure was the property of the state. The temporary owners of the Disk, belonging to criminal circles, changed each other several times, until the authorities came out on the trail of the treasure in 2001. Another “potential buyer” was sent to the sellers, negotiations on the deal were interrupted in the most unexpected way for the sellers, and the precious find was finally under state protection.
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In view of the unknown origin of the Star Disk, it was necessary, first of all, to make sure of its authenticity, that is, in its Antiquity Hyperborea. Such a question Apollo arises in archeology often, and it is sometimes difficult to answer it. The currently most widespread radiocarbon dating method (carbon isotope C14), used for organic residues, was not suitable in this case. The presence of a patina on the surface of the Disk - an oxide film, which painted it bright green - helped. True, the patina can be forged by processing. But for its creation, special chemicals are needed, traces of which are easy to detect when analyzing such an artificial turf. There were no such substances in the patina covering the Disc. And since he was found with swords and bracelets,The age of which - about 18,000 years (!) - Scientists have established with a sufficient degree of reliability, and the circumstances of the discovery, abduction and further fate of the treasure, the caught robbers told in all the details, the antiquity of all its constituent objects could be considered proven.
Did the great Homer write about him?
Moreover, it is possible that this (or similar) Star Disc was known and revered in ancient times. In the Song of the eighteenth poem of Homer's Iliad, the appearance of the shield of Achilles is described in detail, which, according to scientists, Hephaestus made, taking as a prototype a find from Mount Mittelberg. Here is the description translated by N. I. Gnedich:
It is pertinent to recall here: excavations in Troy showed that around 1260 BC. the city experienced a long siege and was destroyed. Thus, in principle, information from Greek legends about the Trojan War and related historical events was confirmed.
Astronomical instrument
Well, what was the applied purpose of the Disk and the heavenly map depicted on it?
25 kilometers southeast of Nebra, in a wheat field near the village of Gosek in the Weissenfels district, archaeologists have unearthed a huge prehistoric solar observatory with a diameter of 75 meters. It has been established that it appeared here more than 7000 years ago, that is, it is the oldest astronomical observatory known to date, it is much older than Stonehenge, older than all the known structures of Egypt and other highly developed ancient civilizations!
According to the researchers, there is undoubtedly a connection between the Nebra Star Disc and the observatory near Gosek. Professor Wolfgard Schlosser of the University of Bochum examined the Disk from an astronomical point of view. He is convinced that the one who created it deliberately designated the true position of the seven stars from the Pleiades, and placed the rest of the stars on the Disk without any system, just to represent the starry sky on it. But the image of the Pleiades, along with the Sun and the Moon, has a deep meaning.
Why did the Pleiades play such an important role in the life of ancient peoples?
The ancient Greek poet Hesiod, who lived at the turn of the VIII-VII centuries. BC, in one of his works he wrote that according to the position in the firmament of the Pleiades constellation, farmers determine the moments of the beginning of the main stages of their work - plowing, sowing, harvesting.
However, back to the contents of the Star Disk.
As already mentioned, on its edges, opposite each other, there were golden arcs. If we build a sector on such an arc, then the angle between the radii bounding it will be 82.5 °. But just such an angle is formed by the radii drawn through the middle of the two entrances into the Gosek observatory! And they are oriented exactly to the southeast and southwest. These inputs define the horizontal longitude in the celestial spherical coordinate system, or more simply, the points of sunrise and sunset on the day of the winter solstice for a given region of Germany. The observatory also has a third entrance, but the significance of its location remains unknown. Now the meaning of the two opposite golden arcs on the Star Disk becomes clear: they mark the horizon line and determine the location of the entrances (they are also observation points) in the Gosek observatory.
Key to the global astronomical system
But that's not all. Researchers have identified the connection between the geometry of the Disk and geography, so to speak, on a global scale.
The island of Delos lies almost two thousand kilometers southeast of Gosek in the Aegean Sea. The island has Mount Kintos, on the top of which archaeologists have discovered exactly the same observatory as in Gosek. During the time of Ancient Greece, Delos was a major religious center with a majestic temple of Apollo.
Greek historian and geographer Diodorus in 8 A. D. He wrote about Hyperborea - a country that lies far on the northern edge of the world. The inhabitants of this country, the Hyperboreans, who are in eternal bliss (enjoyed the special love of Apollo, who moved to them for the winter. They were venerated in the sanctuaries of Apollo in Delphi and on Delos. Hyperborea was famous for diviners, they became the founders of many temples and oracles of Apollo. The most famous. such Hyperboreans was Abaris, the soothsayer and priest of Apollo. He could do without food and flew on a magic arrow given to him by Apollo. Researchers who do not consider Hyperborea to be pure fiction, suggest that it could be in Iceland or Greenland, where in the distant past the climate was much softer.
So, it turns out that if you draw a straight line from the center of the observatory in Gosek through the southeast exit, and then continue it, it will lead us to the temple of Apollo in Delos! A straight line drawn from the center of the observatory through the southwest exit and continued at the same distance as the first, will reach the Sierra Nevada mountain range in southern Spain, the highest in the Iberian Peninsula. Whether there was a sanctuary and an observatory there in prehistoric times, future research will show, but the place seems to be very suitable for them.
If we continue the straight line connecting Delos and Gosek to the northwest, then it will reach the legendary sacred Cape Reykjanes on the southwest coast of Iceland, where the first Vikings once landed, and, continuing even further, will lead us to Greenland …
The Nebra Star Disc is currently housed in the Primitive History Museum in Galle, and research is ongoing.
Magazine: Secrets of the 20th century №34. Author: Vadim Ilyin