The now popular novel "1984" was chosen as the basis for this article. But, as befits this format, it will not be about the plot of the book, but about the world in which the main characters live.
The novel takes place in 1984, in London, the main city of the air force zone number 1, the former Great Britain, which in turn is the third most populous province of the totalitarian state, Oceania. Oceania is in a state of permanent war with two other totalitarian superpowers: Eurasia and Eastasia.
Oceania occupies a third of the globe and includes: North and South America, Great Britain, South Africa, Australia and Oceania itself. The novel does not say anything about the belonging of Antarctica to Oceania, but it is mentioned that secret oceanic polygons are located on this continent. Oceania was formed approximately 25 years before the events described in the novel, that is, in the late 50s, as a result of the unification of the British Empire and the United States. Great Britain was swallowed up by Oceania after a devastating civil war and revolution, as a result of which the ANGSOC (English Socialism) party came to power. In the 60s in Oceania began the process of establishing the sole dictatorship of the "Big Brother", which ended around the beginning of the 70s with the extermination of all the leaders of the revolution.
Since the 1950s, Oceania has been waging a war for world domination. In fact, the goal of war, as it is written in Goldstein's book, is to develop a resource of machines, so that they cannot be used for the purpose of excessive enrichment of the population, as well as to maintain the image of the enemy in the minds of people and to justify all disasters in Oceania by the intrigues of enemies.
As such, Oceania has a capital, and is a confederal territorial political entity, each region has its own capital, a regional center. The population of Oceania is 300 million people, of which 45 million are party members, and only one ocean television tracking system for its normal operation requires the involvement of at least 10 million permanent observers. All media in Oceania are controlled by the ruling party.
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Official propaganda, which is carried out through the print media and television channels, calls on citizens to fight against an external enemy, as well as internal enemies, dissidents who are accused of espionage. In the long term, the ruling party elite developed a strategy to replace the standard English language, now called "Starpeak", a terrifying invention of party linguists - "Newspeak", which can only be characterized by the mind's characteristic tendency - an ever-increasing depletion of the vocabulary, in order to make independent thinking impossible. Oceania is the central country in the novel and is described in detail, in contrast to Eurasia and Eastasia. It is characteristic that Orwell does not go into the description of life in Eastasia and Eurasia, they appear in the novel only in the form of avaricious and often false information of oceanic propaganda, as well as the main characters' own reasoning.
Eurasia covers the territory of the Soviet Union, Europe and Turkey. State ideology - "Neo-Bolshevism". Eurasia was formed in the 50s after the atomic war. Later, all states abandoned weapons of mass destruction. One of the key moments of the novel "1984" is the change of enemy-ally that happened in the blink of an eye. Oceania is not at war with Eurasia. Eurasia is an ally. Most researchers see this temporary alliance with Eurasia as a direct reference to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
Eastasia occupies the territory of China, Japan, Korea, partly Mongolia, and also India. To name the state ideology of this country, the Chinese word is used, which Goldstein translates in his book as "The cult of death, or erasure of personality." Eastasia was formed 10 years after the emergence of Oceania and Eurasia, presumably in the 60s, as a result of the unification of the East Asian countries, which was preceded by a decade of civil wars. The basis of the defense potential of Eastasia is the fertility and hard work of its population, as opposed to the invisible land expanses of Eurasia and the maritime spaces that protect Oceania.
North Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia are disputed territories for which 3 superpowers are fighting. These territories are constantly moving from one side to the other, since none of the powers can achieve victory. The war is fought only in disputed territories. Each of the superpowers is so strong that it cannot be conquered, even by the combined forces of the other two, so the powers refrain from major offensive operations.
Although the novel only briefly mentions the American continent, there is some circumstantial evidence of the former Great Britain's subordinate attitude towards the former United States. For example, the state currency of all Oceania is the dollar, and in fact, the main purpose of the runway number 1, as the territory of Great Britain is called, is to use it as a staging area for air strikes and missile strikes on mainland Europe. Accordingly, she herself is the target of retaliatory bombing, but one of the main characters of the novel suggests that these attacks can be organized by the very same authorities of Oceania, which need to keep their population in fear and obedience.
