The very design of the Arkaim furnace is interesting. In it, when combining the hearth and the well, a natural and strong air draft was created. The air entering the well column (in the illustration below) was cooled by the water located in the well column and entered the firebox. It is known that melting bronze requires a sufficiently high temperature, which cannot be obtained without supplying a large volume of air to the combustion site.
“The ancient Aryans were provided with sewers. Moreover, each dwelling had a well, a stove and a small domed storage. What for? All ingenious is simple. We all know that from a well, if you look into it, it always draws cool air. So, in the Aryan stove, this cool air, passing through an earthen pipe, created a thrust of such force that it made it possible to melt bronze without using bellows! Such a furnace was in every home, and the ancient blacksmiths had only to hone their skills, competing in this art! Another earthen pipe leading to the storehouse provided a lower temperature in it. (Rites of Love, Ch. Arkaim - Academy of the Magi, p. 46).
There was a well next to the furnace, while the furnace blower was connected to the well through an air-blowing channel arranged in the ground. Experiments carried out by archaeological scientists have shown that the Arkaim "miracle furnace" can maintain a temperature sufficient not only for melting bronze, but also for smelting copper from ore (1200-1500 degrees!). Thanks to the air duct connecting the stove with an adjacent well of five meters depth, a draft arises in the stove, which provides the required temperature. Thus, the ancient inhabitants of Arkaim embodied mythological ideas about water that gives birth to fire into reality.
Although the practical manufacture of a Vedrus stove is more complicated than any conventional stove, its result will be a solution to virtually all energy problems of the estate, up to the generation of electricity. Its efficiency will not be inferior to the famous Spirin stove, (remember, in which all the pots in the stove were melted?) And maybe surpass if we correctly restore the principle of its operation. If you have forgotten, I will quote a little this publication by A. Elakhov:
So, I think that in the Spirin oven the principle was used, which was used by the Magi of Arkaim in their miracle ovens. What I mean is that the reason for the colossal heating up of the oven is the cold air blown into the oven from below. There is no absurdity here, because the cold air supply was also used in ancient smelting furnaces in Europe:
A quick method of converting cast iron into steel was developed in 1856 by the Englishman G. Bessemer. He proposed to blow the molten liquid iron with air on the expectation that the oxygen in the air will combine with carbon and carry it away in the form of gas. Bessemer was only afraid that the air would cool the cast iron. In fact, the opposite turned out - the cast iron not only did not cool, but heated up even more. Unexpected, isn't it? And this is explained simply: when the oxygen of the air combines with various elements contained in cast iron, for example, silicon or manganese, a considerable amount of heat is released.
By the way, our Russian scientist of the 18th century Mikhailo Lomonosov came closest to the mystery of the miracle ovens. Visiting the Ural mines, he drew attention to the cool air coming from the mines and became interested in this phenomenon. This is what the same Vladimir Efimovich Grum-Grzhimailo writes about him, whose work Alexander Spirin found in the attic: calling Lomonosov his predecessor, he wrote in the preface to his book:
“In his dissertation 'On the free movement of air in the mines noted” (1742), he gave a crystal clear idea of the movement of air in mines and chimneys. His theory of squeezing out warm smoke by the heavy, cold, outside air was perfectly assimilated by the whole world. But the matter stopped there. In further attempts to explain the movement of gas in the furnaces, the word “pull” got confused, which is grammatically absurd, because the verb pull presupposes a direct connection between the force and the object that is drawn. There is no draft in stoves and chimneys: there is a squeezing out of warm air of smoke by heavy air, as M. V. correctly pointed out. Lomonosov; never used the word "craving".
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In this case, the question arises: what force causes the cold air to move upward? For example, take the case of two communicating vessels that contain water. You can take a flexible building level. No matter how we change the height of either end of the hose, the water in both vessels is always at the same level. Could it be the same if the communicating vessels contain not a liquid, but a gas? Yes, if the diameter of the vessels is the same. But if one vessel has a decimeter diameter, and the other vessel has a meter diameter, will the gases occupy the same level relative to the surface of the earth? Indeed, in this case, it is necessary to take into account the atmospheric pressure on the upper area of the gas. Take a Vedrusian well connected by a canal to a stove. The diameter of the outlet channel is 8-12 cm, the cross-section of the well channel is equal to a square meter. Obviouslythat the pressure of the atmospheric column in the well will be greater than the pressure of the atmospheric column in the outlet channel, plus the weight of the cold air in the well itself, which means that the cold air will be quietly squeezed into the furnace space of the furnace, fulfilling the purpose of the blower.
It turns out that the draft, the presence of which in modern stoves so valued stove-makers, in stoves with free movement of gases is a harmful phenomenon, since there is an uncontrolled release of valuable heat into the surrounding space and its irretrievable loss up to 80%, which also means that up to 80% of the forest cut down and burned in vain. The ecology of the soil and atmosphere is violated, since substances harmful to health remain due to incomplete combustion of fuel, the content of carbon dioxide in the air increases, and the greenhouse effect increases. To eliminate the harmful phenomenon of draft in the Vedrus furnace, the outlet channel from the furnace must be arranged in the lower part, in the zone of cold air. Thus, incandescent gases and hot air circulating in the upper section of the furnace are not removed outside, but accumulate ever increasing heat. This is where the temperature that melts metals comes from. A mixture of cool air and bottom hot gases captured by the flow is removed from the combustion chamber. Having reached the top of the pipe, the gases are finally cooled and are thrown out barely warm, in fact, as three scientists from the Yaroslavl Research Institute recorded this, studying Alexander Spirin's furnace
Of the modern furnace designers using the scientific developments of Professor Grum-Grzhimailo, I only know Igor Kuznetsov, but he, of course, does not use the well principle in his designs, although he achieved high efficiency of his furnace designs. Here I will give the basic principle of operation of its furnaces with free movement of gases, (LFG).
The system of free movement of gases (SLG) in heat generators as interpreted by I. V. Kuznetsov Heat generators are built according to the formula “The lower tier and the firebox are combined into a single space and make up the lower bell”. The essence of the formula. We are talking about fuel combustion in a firebox located in a bell and optimal use of the heat energy released during this process. The essence of the concept: to obtain the maximum amount of heat from the fuel during its combustion; use the obtained heat to the maximum extent; the design of the heat generator must meet functional requirements and ensure maximum heat transfer.
The cap is a vessel turned upside down. Fill the hood with a portion of hot air. The hot air, as the lighter one, rises upward, displaces the cold heavy air from the bell, and will stay there until it gives up its heat to the bell walls. As a result, we get a system that accumulates the heat of hot air in a limited volume. The movement of hot air in the hood is due to the natural forces of nature and does not require external energy. If a stream of hot air is passed through the lower zone of the bell, the bell will accumulate its heat. The heat of the hot air will be transferred to the bell walls and to the heat exchanger placed inside the bell, while the excess heat (cooled air) is released outside. The heat exchanger can be water boiler registers, air heaters, retort for fuel gasification, etc.
A moving gas flow in a heat generator with any convective system transfers heat energy and combustion products. To find out the difference between the mechanism of gas flow movement in the systems of forced movement (forced movement) and free gas movement, let us imagine that the heat source is an electric heater. In this case, it is not necessary to remove the combustion products. In the free gas movement system, for example, a two-tiered bell furnace, thermal energy is transferred due to the natural forces of nature, even with a closed pipe valve (without pipe draft). Heat transfer occurs over time and if the bell and the heat exchanger do not have time to absorb all the heat of the electric heater, then its excess in the form of hot exhaust air will enter the second bell. In the second bell, heat energy is transferred according to the same scheme as in the lower bell. This process of transferring heat energy reflects the essence of the name of the system, "free gas movement (FGM)". To remove combustion products, if the source of thermal energy is combustion of fuel, pipe draft is required. It should be noted that the movement of gases inside the bell will be turbulent.
Unlike the free gas movement system, in the free gas movement system, the transfer of heat energy is possible only if there is a pipe draft.