There are relatively few ancient monuments on the territory of modern Sudan. This area was nothing remarkable. From the north it bordered on Ancient Egypt, from the south - on Nubia. There has never been any statehood or any semblance of it, since none of the nearby civilizations was interested in this desert plain near another bend of the Nile.
For a long time this fact seemed very strange to all historians studying Ancient Egypt. Indeed, the territory located at the intersection of trade routes of several states was practically not controlled by anyone. Moreover, two of the most important trade routes of Egypt in the south ran along it: to the Nubian kingdom and to Punt located on the territory of modern Ethiopia. The latter was a supplier of luxury goods and religious worship to the Egyptians, which was very important to them.
However, everything turned out to be a little different from what the Egyptologists had assumed. And at the beginning of the 20th century, confirmation was found that there was still something here. In 1912, in the north of Sudan, a mysterious rock was discovered in the middle of the desert almost 100 meters high. Around it were the ruins of several large religious buildings, and the rock itself turned out to be a little difficult - inside it there were numerous passages, galleries and rooms.
Systematic studies of this rock showed that the Egyptians had a hand in the creation of the entire temple complex. And there was more than enough evidence of this - everywhere there were various plates with hieroglyphs, there were wall images. In some places there were even symbolic pyramids and purely Egyptian burials with mummies.
In total, about 15 different structures and objects were discovered, dating from the 1st to the 5th centuries BC and filled with typical Egyptian attributes. But, oddly enough, the radiocarbon dating of the buildings did not match what was depicted on the steles and buildings. Usually, Egyptian inscriptions and drawings almost always told about the present time. In very rare cases, when very epochal and important historical events were described, the drawings with the help of special signs reported that here we are talking about the affairs of "bygone days." And the point is not only this: the main characters of the narratives - the pharaohs and priests have always been unambiguously associated with a particular era.
The ruins of Jebel Barkal (which is an Arabic tracing paper from its ancient Egyptian name - Sacred Rock) are an interesting exception from the entire Egyptian chronicle. There is a kind of time shift in them. In the third century BC, the pharaohs of the 18th dynasty, like Thutmose III and Amenhotep, are described as the contemporaries of the architects who created Barkal. Their deeds are presented in the form of "present time" and no parallels are drawn with the "modern" pharaohs, so characteristic of ancient Egyptian historical works. And everything would be fine if not for one "but": the 18th dynasty was distant from the creators of these texts and drawings for more than a thousand years.
But that's not all. The fact is that the Jabel-Barkal rock is located in the desert in such a way that such a location cannot but raise questions. Within a radius of several kilometers around it, there is absolutely nothing but sand. And its very inner content raises more questions than answers.
It would seem that for the Egyptians, who managed to build the pyramids and ground millions of tons of limestone for this, it would not be a problem to make passages and galleries in the rock. However, everything turned out to be not as simple as it seemed at first glance. Several dozen attempts have been found to begin the construction of interior spaces in the rock, dating from the 17th to 15th centuries BC. But construction began (and actually ended) only in the 15th century. Why have no special measures been taken to force it for 200 years?
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Relatively recently, evidence has been found describing the construction of a complex in the Jabel-Barkal area. It was a mural in one of the tombs. She describes how Pharaoh Thutmose the 3rd, as soon as he became the ruler, first of all went to the vicinity of this rock and personally ordered to speed up all measures for the construction of both temple complexes and caves. Pharaoh's task was completed in full only 50 years after his death, and priests and their servants went to the area of the Sacred Rock. At the same time, 3 temples were built and all the work was done inside the rock.
It is believed that the temple complexes belonged to the priests of the cult of Amun (the supreme god of Egypt), which, of course, is not surprising, because the construction was patronized by the pharaohs. However, during the reign of Ramses II the Great (which came only 150 years after the opening of the temple), it was abandoned, all valuables were taken away, and the Egyptians left this place for a long time.
Life returned to Jabel-Barkal only in the 6th century BC, when Egypt was conquered by Assyria. In less than 300 years, the new dynasty not only restored service to Amun, but also built about a dozen new temples and other religious objects … 1000 years ago?
What could be the reasons for this discrepancy? Radiocarbon analysis is very accurate and almost never glitches. Its principle is simple and proven by multiple studies. Even the most convinced skeptics have long been convinced that this method can be trusted.
However, there are exceptions. One of these occurs when samples have been exposed to certain types of radiation. Perhaps the Egyptians who lived at that time and in that place experienced the effect of some kind of cataclysm? This may well be, since on Earth more than once there was evidence of, if not the use of nuclear weapons, then at least some of the factors of its impact.
Sanskrit texts, epics of India and Sumerians, biblical stories about Sodom and Gomorrah - all this, in one way or another, resembles the use of nuclear weapons. Perhaps this happened in Egypt.
We really know very little about what happened at the junction of the 18th and 19th dynasties of the Egyptian Kingdom. It was a very difficult period, since few of the then rulers left the throne from natural causes. The country of that time was literally in a fever. However, with the advent of a new dynasty, and its strongest ruler, Ramses the Great, all serious problems disappeared, and Egypt was waiting for at least three centuries of relatively comfortable life.
It is possible that such a change of dynasties was preceded by a serious military conflict in which some kind of destructive weapon was used. It is likely that the center of its application was the temple complex at Barkala.
There is very little historical evidence of that time, perhaps we will never know what really happened then in Jebel Barkal, but, on the other hand, studies of this phenomenon have been going on for no more than several decades. Perhaps the solution is close.