The utility model relates to electrochemistry and, more specifically, to hydrogen energy and can be useful for obtaining a fuel mixture with a high hydrogen content from any aqueous solutions.
Known devices for direct electrochemical decomposition (dissociation) of water and aqueous solutions into hydrogen and oxygen by passing an electric current through the water. Their main advantage is ease of implementation. The main disadvantages of the known hydrogen generator-device-prototype are low productivity, significant energy consumption and low efficiency. The theoretical calculation of the required electricity for the production of 1 m3 of hydrogen from water is 2.94 kWh, which still makes it difficult to use this method of hydrogen production as an environmentally friendly fuel in transport.
The closest device (prototype) by design and the same purpose to the claimed utility model in terms of a set of features is a well-known electrolyzer - the simplest hydrogen generator containing a hollow chamber with an aqueous solution (water), electrodes placed in it, and a power source connected to them (book. "Chemical encyclopedia", v.1, M., 1988, p. 401)
The essence of the work of the prototype - a well-known hydrogen generator - consists in the electrolytic dissociation of water and aqueous solutions under the action of an electric current on H2 and O2.
The disadvantage of the prototype is the low productivity of hydrogen and significant energy costs.
The purpose of this invention is to modernize the device to improve its energy efficiency
The technical result of this utility model consists in the technical and energetic improvement of the known device, which is necessary to achieve this goal.
Specified technical resultis achieved by the fact that the known device containing a hollow chamber with an aqueous solution, electrodes placed in water, a source of electricity connected to them, is supplemented by capillaries placed vertically in water, with upper ends above the water level, and the electrodes are flat, one of which is placed under the capillaries, and the second electrode is made of mesh and is located above them, and the power source is made of high-voltage and adjustable in amplitude and frequency, and the gap between the ends of the capillaries and the second electrode and the parameters of the electricity supplied to the electrodes are selected according to the condition of ensuring the maximum productivity for hydrogen, and the regulators performance is the voltage regulator of the said source and the regulator of the gap between the capillaries and the second electrode,moreover, the device is also supplemented with two ultrasonic generators, one of which is located under the lower end of these capillaries and the second - above their upper end, and the device is also supplemented with an electronic dissociator of activated water mist molecules containing a pair of electrodes located above the liquid surface, with their planes perpendicular to the liquid surface, and electrically connected to an additional electronic generator of high-voltage high-frequency pulses with an adjustable frequency and duty cycle, in the frequency range overlapping the resonance frequencies of excitation of evaporated liquid molecules and its ions.moreover, the device is also supplemented with an electronic dissociator of activated water mist molecules containing a pair of electrodes located above the surface of the liquid, with their planes perpendicular to the surface of the liquid, and electrically connected to an additional electronic generator of high-voltage high-frequency pulses with adjustable frequency and duty cycle, in the frequency range overlapping the resonance frequencies excitation of evaporated molecules of a liquid and its ions.moreover, the device is also supplemented with an electronic dissociator of activated water mist molecules containing a pair of electrodes located above the surface of the liquid, with their planes perpendicular to the surface of the liquid, and electrically connected to an additional electronic generator of high-voltage high-frequency pulses with adjustable frequency and duty cycle, in the frequency range overlapping the resonance frequencies excitation of evaporated molecules of a liquid and its ions.overlapping the resonance frequencies of excitation of the evaporated molecules of the liquid and its ions.overlapping the resonance frequencies of excitation of evaporated liquid molecules and its ions.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE IN THE STATIC
Device for producing hydrogen from water (Fig. 1)consists of a dielectric container 1, with an aqueous solution of liquid 2 poured into it, of a finely porous capillary material 3, partially immersed in this liquid and pre-moistened in it. This device also includes high-voltage metal electrodes 4, 5, placed at the ends of the capillaries 3, and electrically connected to the terminals of a high-voltage regulated source of a constant-sign electric field 10, and one of the electrodes 5 is made in the form of a perforated-needle plate, and is positioned movably above the end of the capillaries 3, for example, parallel to it at a distance sufficient to prevent electrical breakdown to the wetted wick 3. Another high-voltage electrode 4 is placed in the liquid parallel to the lower end of the capillary, for example, porous material 3 The device is supplemented with two ultrasonic generators 6,one of which is located in the liquid 2, almost at the bottom of the container 1, and the second is located above the liquid level, for example, on the mesh electrode 5.
The device also contains an electronic dissociator of molecules of activated water mist, consisting of two electrodes 7,8, located above the surface of the liquid, with their planes perpendicular to the surface of the liquid, and electrically connected to an additional electronic generator 9 high-voltage high-frequency pulses with adjustable frequency and duty cycle, in the range frequencies that overlap the resonant frequencies of excitation of the evaporated molecules of the liquid and its ions. The device is also supplemented with a bell 12 located above the tank 1 - a collection gas manifold 12, in the center of which there is an outlet pipe for the fuel gas and H2 to be brought out to consumers. Essentially, a device assembly containing electrodes 4,5 from high voltage units 10 and a capillary assembly 3 4, 5, 6,is a combined device of an electroosmotic pump and an electrostatic evaporator of liquid 2 from tank 1 … Unit 10 allows you to adjust the duty cycle of pulses and the strength of the constant-sign electric field from 0 to 30 kV / cm. The electrode 5 is made of a metal perforated or mesh to provide the possibility of unimpeded passage of the formed water mist and fuel gas from the end of the capillaries 3. The device has regulators and devices for changing the frequency of pulses and their amplitude and duty cycle, as well as for changing the distance and position of the electrode 5 relative to the surface of the capillary evaporator 3 (they are not shown in Fig. 1).
DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE OPERATING DEVICE (FIG. 1)
First, an aqueous solution is poured into the container 1, for example, activated water or a water-fuel mixture (emulsion) 2, the capillary 3-porous evaporator is pre-moistened with it. Then, a high-voltage voltage source 10 is turned on and a high-voltage potential difference is supplied to the capillary evaporator 3 through electrodes 4,5, and the perforated electrode 5 is placed above the surface of the end face of the capillaries 3 at a distance sufficient to prevent electrical breakdown between the electrodes 4,5. As a result, along the fibers of capillaries 3, under the action of electroosmotic and, in fact, electrostatic forces of a longitudinal electric field, water clusters are partially ruptured and sorted in size, absorbed into capillaries 3. Moreover, dipole polarized liquid molecules turn along the electric field vector and move from the container towards the upper end of capillaries 3 to the opposite electric potential of electrode 5 (electroosmosis). Then they, under the action of electrostatic forces, are torn off by these electric field forces from the surface of the end of the capillary 3 - essentially an electroosmotic evaporator and turn into a partially dissociated polarized electrified water mist. This water mist above the electrode 5 is then also intensively treated with a pulsed transverse high-frequency electric field created between the transverse electrodes 7,8 by an electronic high-frequency generator 9. In the process of intense collision of evaporated dipole molecules and water clusters above the liquid with air and ozone molecules,electrons in the ionization zone between the electrodes 7, 8. additional intensive dissociation (radiolysis) of the activated water mist occurs with the formation of a fuel combustible gas. Further, this obtained fuel gas flows independently upward into the gas collecting bell 12 and then through the outlet 13 is supplied to consumers for preparing a synthetic fuel mixture, for example, into the intake tract of internal combustion engines and supplying it to the combustion chambers of a motor vehicle. The composition of this combustible gas includes molecules of hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), water vapor, fog (H2O), as well as activated organic molecules evaporated as part of other hydrocarbon additives. Previously, the workability of this device was shown experimentally and it was foundthat the intensity of the process of evaporation and dissociation of molecules of aqueous solutions significantly depends and changes depending on the parameters of the electric field of sources9,10. (intensity, power), on the distance between the electrodes 4, 5, on the area of the capillary evaporator 3, on the type of liquid, the size of the capillaries and the quality of the capillary material 3. The regulators available in the device allow you to optimize the performance of the fuel gas depending on the type and parameters of the aqueous solution and the specific design of this electrolyzer. Since in this device an aqueous solution of a liquid evaporates intensively and partially dissociates into H2 and O2, under the action of capillary electroosmosis and ultrasound,and then additionally actively dissociates due to intense collisions of molecules of the evaporated aqueous solution by means of an additional transverse resonant electric field, then such a device for producing hydrogen and fuel gas consumes little electricity and therefore is much more economical by tens of hundreds of times than the known electrolysis hydrogen generators.
CLAIM
An ultrasonic device for producing hydrogen from any aqueous solution, containing a container with an aqueous solution, metal electrodes placed in it, and a source of electricity connected to them, characterized in thatit is supplemented by capillaries placed vertically in this chamber, with their upper ends above the level of the aqueous solution, and one of the two electrodes is placed in the liquid under the capillaries, and the second electrode is made movable and gridded and placed above them, and the power source is made of high-voltage and adjustable in amplitude and frequency, and the device is also supplemented with two ultrasonic generators, one of which is located under the lower end of these capillaries and the second is located above their upper end, and the device is also supplemented with a resonant electronic dissociator of activated water mist molecules containing a pair of electrodes located above the liquid surface, with their planes, perpendicular to the surface of the liquid,and electrically connected to an additional electronic generator of high-voltage high-frequency pulses with adjustable frequency and duty cycle, in the frequency range containing the resonant frequencies of excitation of evaporated liquid molecules and its ions.