A hypothetical superheavy boson, whose traces were recently found at the Large Hadron Collider, may not be the first representative of the "new physics", but a combination of six top quarks and six antiquarks, physicists write in an article posted in the electronic library Arxiv.org
In December 2015, rumors began to circulate on social networks and microblogs that the LHC was able to detect traces of the "new physics" in the form of a superheavy boson, whose decay produces pairs of photons with a total energy of 750 gigaelectronvolts. For comparison, the Higgs boson has a mass of 126 GeV, and the top quark, the heaviest elementary particle, weighs 173 GeV, which is four times less than the mass of the particle that produced the photons.
CERN scientists could have announced the discovery of the "new physics" back in March, during the annual conference on the latest results of the LHC. However, they decided not to do this, according to sources in the scientific community, due to the fact that the level of reliability of the discovery - the most important parameter for particle physics - just barely reached the level of 5 sigma.
Colin Frogatt of the University of Glasgow (Scotland) and his colleague Holger Nielsen, one of the founders of string theory at the Niels Bohr Institute (Denmark), declare that it is not necessary to invent a "new physics" for such particles to exist - it is possible that this burst was generated by a special system of a dozen ordinary quarks.
As physicists explain, under certain circumstances, two or more elementary particles can form special "bound states" in which the freedom of their movement is limited by their interaction with each other and in which they cannot leave the system without applying energy from an external source. The simplest example of such a system is an ordinary hydrogen atom - it consists of two particles, an electron and a proton, bound to each other and unable to break this bond without "help" from oxidants or photons.
According to the calculations of Froggatt and Nielsen, a similar state, and a very stable one, can arise in a system of six "ordinary" up quarks and their six antipodes - up anti-quarks. According to scientists, the exchange of Higgs bosons and gluons between these particles will generate forces that make such a quasimolecule extremely stable.
In total, the mass of these particles is about 2000 GeV, which means that about 1350 GeV is the energy of bonds between particles. According to Lubos Motl, a famous Czech theoretical physicist who worked at Harvard, such a high bond energy will be difficult to explain, but in principle it is possible to do it.
Another problem with the Froggatt and Nielsen solution is that the decay of such a "collective" into a pair of photons is one of the rarest variants of the annihilation of this particle. In other words, the LHC should initially have “seen” other variants of the decay of an S-particle, and not a pair of photons with an energy of 750 GeV.
Promotional video:
“It is extremely difficult to imagine how such a complex structure goes through the annihilation process at all - all 12 particles in it should disappear almost instantly. This can only happen in very specific situations. In any case, the simplicity of this model is extremely attractive, especially if we do not find traces of truly new physics,”commented Motl's study.
