The first psychological and criminological portrait of a criminal was compiled at the end of the 19th century, when they tried to catch Jack the Ripper in England. However, then it was not possible to establish the name of the killer who kept the whole of London in fear. Today psychologists and psychiatrists are successfully helping the St. Petersburg police to solve serial crimes.
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“A person with a strong intellect, incapable of normal sexual contacts with women, perhaps having an unsuccessful family experience, but now living with his parents … Collects pictures of naked children, has a sliding schedule or a profession that allows him to leave his workplace … Most likely a freelance artist (since the crimes were committed during the daytime). In childhood, perhaps he himself was subjected to some kind of sexual abuse."
This was the psychological portrait of a pedophile who, from 2001 to 2007, raped at least 14 children in the northern capital. He was detained in 2009, and compiled by specialists from the St. VM Bekhterev's psychological portrait completely coincided with the original. Up to household "trifles". Pedophile Kirill Resin lived with his mother and grandmother and was a man of a free profession - an artist-designer. Then the law enforcement officers admitted that if it were not for the doctors, the maniac could have been free for a long time. He was too good at covering his tracks.
The psychologists' recommendations helped the operatives catch the pedophile Aleksey Degtyarev, nicknamed "Doctor", who from 2005 to 2008 committed 18 sexual crimes against children. Even his financial position and the position of the head were correctly predicted. As it turned out later, Degtyarev was the deputy director for legal issues in a commercial firm.
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- Drawing up a psychological and criminological portrait is a painstaking work in which many specialists are involved: from police officers who went to the crime scene to psychologists and forensic experts, - says the leading researcher of the branch of the Federal State Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" in the North-Western Federal District, Police Colonel Valentin Kharlamov. - And even if the perpetrator of the crime is not established, "bit by bit" you can reconstruct the features of his personality and "sculpt" a portrait.
And in particular, with a high probability to determine his gender, physique, age, marital status and profession, approximate place of residence, psychosexual development, etc. For example, by the nature of the stab wounds on the victim's body, one can say with 100 percent certainty whether the man inflicted them or the woman. Localization of injuries and footprints left by the offender will help to establish his height (distance between steps), weight and even age. Education and specialty are determined based on the characteristics of the choice of place, method, time and instrument of the crime.
In addition, thanks to scientific research of people already convicted of various atrocities, criminologists have portraits of the most common types of criminals. For example, scammers are mainly people with secondary or higher education and developed intelligence. But rapists and serial killers often have neither knowledge nor sense of humor. But they have mental disorders.
- If we take sexual maniacs, then these are mostly insinuating calm people who initially try to find contact with the victim, - Valentin Kharlamov continues. - However, if she does not behave the way the rapist would like (for example, laughs, threatens, insults), terrible things often begin to happen …
Interestingly, serial rapists and murderers often collect unusual items. So, the St. Petersburg pedophile Voronenko collected all sorts of little things - knives, forks, ribbons. And the maniac killer Chikatilo had a collection of 23 kitchen knives.
There are also classifications of criminals in appearance. Back at the end of the 19th century, the Italian prison doctor Lombroso noted that thieves, murderers and rapists have certain facial features and body characteristics. Among them: a sloping forehead, anomaly of the auricles, rough facial folds, excessively wavy hair. However, operatives are now using more sophisticated methods. They take into account both physical disabilities and mental defects of criminals.