Scientists believe: "doublet" allows you to explain the yet unexplained paradoxes of the universe
According to theory, every material particle in the Universe has a double - an antiparticle. It is the same in mass, but with a different charge. "Normal" matter consists of "positive" protons, neutrons and "negative" electrons. Antimatter - from "negative" antiprotons, antineutrons (with the opposite magnetic moment) and "positive" positrons.
Figuratively speaking, particles and antiparticles, matter and antimatter are equal before God. That is, at the moment of the birth of the Universe - as a result of the Big Bang - matter and antimatter should have been formed equally. Then they were to annihilate - that is, disappear with a flash of light. As a result, there is no universe. However, it is available. And if so, then for some mysterious reason there is more matter than antimatter. Which led, in the end, to the emergence of all things.
But what caused the fruitful opening bias towards matter - baryon asymmetry, as it is scientifically called? Riddle …
One Big Bang is not enough for our Universe
Another perplexing question: where did the so-called dark matter come from - invisible to either physicists or astrophysicists? But its share in the Universe, according to the now widespread ideas, is 85 percent. I'm looking for answers. Including with the help of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which reproduce the conditions that existed in the first moments of the life of the Universe. Indeed, according to one of the hypotheses, matter prevailed over antimatter either at the very moment of the Big Bang, or almost instantly after it.
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On the other hand, there is no absolute certainty that matter dominates everywhere. In all corners of the universe. Maybe there are so-called anti-worlds somewhere? Or worlds woven exclusively from dark matter?
Dr Hooman Davoudiasl, a theoretical physicist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, guessed what led to baryon asymmetry and the appearance of dark matter. As reported in the journal Physical Review Letters. According to the scientist and his colleagues, the “turning point” was the event that happened immediately after the Big Bang - literally in a minute or two. Namely: after one Big Bang, the second kicked. True, not as powerful as the first one.
The second Big Bang followed immediately after the first - almost a doublet
According to Davudyasla's theory, events developed approximately like this: the Big Bang burst out, the rapid expansion of space began, a not very vast, but very hot universe appeared, heated to billions of degrees. In a limited volume, particles and antiparticles collided and annihilated. They collided with each other and annihilated dark matter particles, which transferring their energy to ordinary - visible - particles. And if this process continued, then there would be no dark matter. But then, as the new theory suggests, the second Big Bang arrived in time, which instantly added volume and separated particles, thereby preserving the abundance of dark matter and separating matter from antimatter.
“Of course, such a theory does not fit into standard cosmology,” says Davudyasl. - But the Universe is so complex that it may not correspond to the ideas that we came up with about it.
Dr. Human Davudyasl is one of the authors of the theory of two Big Bangs.
ANOTHER OPINION
Another way to separate matter from antimatter
Back in 2001, Professor Tanmay Vachaspati of Arizona State Univers came up with an original idea. They say that matter and antimatter really formed in equal quantities. But annihilating, they did not generate flashes, but magnetic monopoles and antimonopoles: some hypothetical particles with one magnetic pole - north or south (each "normal" magnet has two poles simultaneously - north and south).
Monopoles and antimonopoles also annihilated, turning, in turn, into matter and antimatter. And here already, thanks to the so-called violation of CP-invariance or CP-symmetry, a skew arose, as a result of which there was much more matter.
By the way, Vachaspati is not alone here. Back in 1967, Andrei Sakharov argued that CP-symmetry breaking became one of the necessary conditions for the almost complete destruction of antimatter in the nascent universe.
If the creation of the world took place as suggested by Vachaspati, then traces of this process should remain in the Universe. Namely, swirling magnetic fields formed by "fossil" magnetic monopoles that have become dominant. A kind of giant spirals, twisted to the left.
The Gamma Telescope has discovered spirals in the Universe, which may have become traces of the separation of matter into matter and antimatter.
For many years Vachaspati and his colleagues were looking for traces. And they found - cyclopean regions in the Universe, permeated by swirling magnetic fields. They were recently launched by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, which detects gamma rays. Spiral magnetic fields are "screwed up" and gamma rays passing through them. Twisted, which is typical, specifically to the left. What we managed to see.