The fundamental part of many religions are myths and legends, which in themselves give rise to the question - Where did it all start? The Creation of the World is a rather delicate question … after all, how to present what was at the very beginning … The fragmentation of Ancient Egypt from the beginning of its formation further complicated the task. There were several religious centers in the country, and each singled out for itself its own myth about the creation of all things.
On the territory of Lower Egypt there were two largest religious centers - Memphis and Iunu (ancient Greek Heliopolis) On the territory of Upper Egypt - Hermopolis (Hemenu). Each of them put forward its own theory of the creation of the World.
The main cult for worship in Heliopolis was the cult of Ra, the sun god. Initially, there was an endless pristine ocean - Nun. Once Ra came out of this ocean, and Atum began to create the world, having uttered a spell, a hill appeared from the waters - Benben, standing on which he later began to create the first gods, they were: Shu, the god of air and Tefnut, the goddess of moisture. Those at one time had a son - Geb (god of the earth) and a daughter Nut (goddess of the sky). The latter, according to legend, had four children - Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys. All of them, together with Ra, form the great Ennead of the gods, i.e. 9 (gods and goddesses) - the main gods of Heliopolis. The Memphis theory says that Tatenen (which is the same Benben hill), emerging from Nun, created and invented names for everything that exists and he is the father of Ra. Then he gradually began to be identified with Ptah (Pta) - the god of arts and crafts, the cult of Memphis.
In the southern part of the country, Ogdoada was singled out - 8 main gods and goddesses, 4 pairs were formed - Nun and Naunet, Hu and Hauchet, Cook and Kauket … over time and the change of the supreme deities, the last pair was constantly changed, only since the time of the New Kingdom the primacy of the cult of Amon gave rise the last, then unchanging pair - Amon and Amaunet. And from early times it was believed that only after them Ra arose, as the completion of darkness and chaos … which continued the creation of the world.
There were also many other versions of the creation of the world, but the god Ra was always the creator … there are also many versions about the birth of Ra … 1) The sun bird, which took the form of a falcon, sank onto the only land island … Ra appeared, 2) He was born from the sacred blue lotus, 3) He appeared in the form of a scarab beetle on the eastern horizon 4) Ra emerged from an egg laid by a goose called "Great Gogotun" … people's imagination knows no bounds … According to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians, people were created by the god Khnum, the son of Nun …