Few people know that half a century ago a number of events took place in our country, which today would be called real sensations. Moreover, mystical sensations, since from the point of view of the usual human ideas about nature, they cannot be explained to this day
It is for this reason that all these incidents were strictly classified for 50 years. So this year, a few researchers were waiting for the removal of the secrecy stamp from at least three inexplicable episodes: the death of the Dyatlov tourist group in the Northern Urals, the mysterious crashes of several passenger planes and the appearance of the so-called fireballs that swept off the face of the earth several villages in the Urals and Western Siberia. The removal of the seal of secrecy was expected not only in Russia, but also in America: they allegedly even promised to finally explain the reason for the sudden appearance of instructions from the US Navy and Air Force headquarters on how to behave when encountering UFOs.
In the USSR, similar instructions were also in effect, but they appeared a year later. Alas, scientists on both sides of the ocean were disappointed: during 2009, access to the riddles of half a century ago was not opened, moreover, they were recently classified for another quarter of a century. This is usually done only with regard to state secrets in the field of security or diplomacy. The correspondent of "Our Version" tried to figure out what is the reason for this mystery and what is generally known about these old, but not losing their relevance incidents.
Quite a lot has been written about the death of Dyatlov's group: before the KGB began to deal with the case, prosecutors were investigating, and in the early 90s they allowed themselves to talk for a while. Despite the fact that at that time, it seemed, literally everything was declassified, right down to information about our defense potential, the secret of the Dyatlov Pass was apparently not going to be made public. Two investigators, who were distributing interviews to the right and left, somehow suddenly fell silent, and the third died altogether.
Much less is known about the attack of "fireballs" from space, but there is some information about them as well: the fact is that the testimony about the balls was given mainly by conscripts who guarded the correctional facilities located not far from the dead villages. In the villages themselves, no one was left alive. After serving urgently, the soldiers eventually forgot that they had signed a nondisclosure agreement, and some information was leaked to the press. The worst is the situation with information about the dead Tu-104 and An-10 of the Irkutsk air squadron: the fact is that all aviation accidents in the USSR were classified almost immediately, the KGB was investigating, and outsiders were not allowed close. Everything that is known about the death of passenger planes is recorded from the words of four employees of the squadron, three of whom are no longer alive. Certainlyall these events cannot but interest the general public, but for some reason they are still trying to hide information about them. From what?
What the rescuers saw shocked them. The dead looked as if someone had carried out a cruel execution on them. And this someone could hardly be human.
On the night of 1 to 2 February in the Northern Urals, under mysterious circumstances, a group of 9 tourists, led by an experienced instructor Igor Dyatlov, died. Actually, there were 10 tourists, but one of them suddenly felt pain in his leg and returned to the base. On February 1, the group stopped for the night on the slope of the Mountain of the Dead, in Mansi Kholat-Syakhl, not far from an unnamed pass, later called the Dyatlov pass. On February 12, the group was supposed to go to the final point of the route, the village of Vizhai, and from there telegraph to the sports club about the end of the campaign, timed to coincide with the XXI Congress of the CPSU. They waited for the telegram for a whole week, but they never got it. In search of Dyatlov and his group, rescuers came out only on February 22. A few days later, the search engines stumbled upon the corpses of the participants in the hike, and what the rescuers saw shocked them. The dead looked like thisas if someone had carried out a cruel execution over them. And this someone could hardly be human. Let's turn to the documents: here is what the expert Boris Vozrozhdenny, who performed the autopsies, wrote about the nature of the injuries received by tourists. “Nicholas Thibault-Brignoles (one of the participants in the ill-fated campaign. - Ed.), In addition to a depressed comminuted fracture, the length of one of the cracks in the skull is 17 centimeters. Investigator Ivanov asked me a question: from what force could Thibault-Brignolle get such a wound? I replied: as a result of a throw, a fall, but not from the height of his height, that is, not because he slipped, fell and hit his head. An extensive and very deep fracture of the vault and base of the skull was caused by an impact equal in force to that which a car moving at very high speed can inflict on a pedestrian. But where do cars come from in the mountains? " Could such injuries be the result of a blow, say, a large stone? No, they could not, in this case, soft tissues would be damaged, and there were no such injuries on the corpse. Experts were no less surprised by the studies of other bodies. The amazing thing was that no one had the same injuries, they all died on the same patch, but in different ways. The tourist Alexander Zolotarev was noted to have fractured ribs - “the result of the impact of great force on the chest at the moment of falling, squeezing or being thrown. At the same time, there are no scratches or abrasions. " Amazing? And how. The experts were even more surprised when examining the corpse of Lyudmila Dubinina: she had no tongue in her mouth!Experts were no less surprised by studies of other bodies. The amazing thing was that no one had the same injuries, they all died on the same patch, but in different ways. The tourist Alexander Zolotarev was noted to have fractured ribs - “the result of the impact of great force on the chest at the moment of falling, squeezing or being thrown. At the same time, there are no scratches or abrasions. " Amazing? And how. The experts were even more surprised when examining the corpse of Lyudmila Dubinina: her tongue was missing in her mouth!Experts were no less surprised by studies of other bodies. The amazing thing was that no one had the same injuries, everyone died on the same patch, but in different ways. The tourist Alexander Zolotarev was noted to have fractured ribs - “the result of the impact of great force on the chest at the moment of falling, squeezing or throwing. At the same time, there are no scratches or abrasions. " Amazing? And how. The experts were even more surprised when examining the corpse of Lyudmila Dubinina: her tongue was missing in her mouth!Amazing? And how. The experts were even more surprised when examining the corpse of Lyudmila Dubinina: she had no tongue in her mouth!Amazing? And how. The experts were even more surprised when examining the corpse of Lyudmila Dubinina: she had no tongue in her mouth!
It would seem that tourists are thrown around their bivouac by an unknown force, crushing heads and ribs, inflicting incomprehensible injuries. And their tent stands at the top as if nothing had happened, although it could well have been ripped off by a gust of medium-strength wind, the trees - pines and cedars - are also safe and sound. And next - crumbs of human bodies. The bodies, by the way, were never shown to relatives, although they were buried in ordinary coffins. But the coffins were guarded as if all our military secrets were gathered together and at once. True, an exception was made for Lyudmila Dubinina's father: he was, as they say now, a man with connections and he certainly wanted to make sure that his daughter was really in the coffin. Investigator Ivanov opened the lid of the coffin. Dubinin saw Lyudmila and lost consciousness. The forensic medical examination noted that all the victims had a strange, reddish-purple skin color. Moreover, as personsand legs and torsos. All the deceased had dilated pupils. There was no alcohol in the organisms. After the autopsy of the bodies, parts of the internal organs were taken from everyone for chemical and histological analysis. The results of these studies are unknown. There is one more mystery: the materials of the physical and technical examination of clothing for the content of radioactive substances of the four victims. The results of this examination were sometimes withdrawn as irrelevant, then returned again. In the end, they did not get into the decision to dismiss the case. And the results of the examination were, to put it mildly, strange: the clothes of the "phonil", radioactive dust was found on it. But where did such dust come from in the mountains of the Northern Urals, and even in 1959? On the eve of his sudden death, investigator Ivanov, who was entrusted with managing the case of the Dyatlov group,He said literally the following: “I have my own explanation of what happened, you can even put it in the headline in the newspaper: the criminal prosecutor believes that the tourists were killed by UFOs. Incidentally, I assumed it then. They are directly related to the death of the guys, I'm sure. I guess it happened like this. The guys had dinner and went to bed. One of them came out of his natural need (there were footprints) and saw something that made everyone immediately leave the tent and run downstairs. I think it was a luminous ball. And he did overtake them, or it happened by chance, at the edge of the forest. Explosion! Three or four are seriously injured and die. In the opinion of the Vozrozhdenny forensic expert, it was something like a shock wave or a blow, like in a car accident. Well, then the struggle for survival began. You know, so many years have passed, I've seen all kinds of cases in my prosecutor's life,but I will not forget this story … Unfortunately, I don’t remember all of them. The two who were found under the cedar … They tried to light a fire, climbed the cedar for the twigs, and there were scraps of their skin and muscles on the bark … Their friend, who had fallen behind due to illness, helped a lot. Yudin, it seems. He knew who was wearing what and helped to establish who was wearing what. All the clothes were mixed up. They stripped the dead to save the living. I am guilty, very guilty before the children’s relatives: I didn’t allow them to see their bodies.”And more about the mysterious. Two employees of the Ivdel prosecutor's office who participated in the investigation at the initial stage, before the case was transferred to the Sverdlovsk prosecutor's office to investigator Ivanov, went crazy. Two more of those who worked on the case in Sverdlovsk committed suicide in the same year, leaving strange suicide notes. AgreeThere are too many oddities and mysteries. The death of the Dyatlov tourist group may be associated with another, much less well-known phenomenon that occurred in the same year: the death of several Ural and West Siberian villages from the so-called fireballs. In the fall of 1959, these two mysterious events were combined into one criminal case, and investigator Ivanov even confirmed that in the Dyatlovsky and in another case, the events could be similar, just the "force of influence" was different. On March 31, 1959, one of the military units, guarding the camp of prisoners in the north of the Sverdlovsk region, the alarm was raised. The soldiers were told: rocket attack! An outfit consisting of servicemen from Avenburg, Potapov and Sogrin reported to the higher authorities: “At 4 o'clock in the morning, the daytime Meshcheryakov noticed a large ring of fire,which for 20 minutes moved towards us, then hiding behind the hill. Before disappearing, a star appeared from the center of the ring, which soon expanded to the size of the moon, and then began to fall downward, separating from the ring. A strange phenomenon was observed by the entire personnel, raised by alarm. Please explain what it is and its safety, as in our conditions it makes a disturbing impression."
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If it were not for two similar events that happened in mid-February, they would hardly have attached importance to this report: you never know, suddenly the soldiers simply got drunk, this happened among the guards of the correctional facility. But the "missile attack" was preceded by two more cases that were documented. Moreover, the first occurred in the Ivdel district of the Sverdlovsk region, not far from the place where the Dyatlov group died. Here is an unusual report addressed to the head of the Ivdel police station: “On February 17, 1959, at 6 hours 50 minutes local time, a strange moving star with a tail appeared in the sky. The tail looked like dense cirrus clouds. Then the star freed itself from its tail, became even brighter and flew, as if swelling, forming a large ball enveloped in haze. The star moved from south to east. Technician-meteorologist Tokareva ".
A day earlier, a sensational at the time, a note under the heading "Unusual celestial phenomenon" was published by the newspaper "Tagil Worker": "Yesterday at 6 hours 55 minutes local time in the east - southeast at an altitude of 20 degrees from the horizon, a luminous ball appeared the size of the moon … About 7 o'clock there was a flash inside it, and a very bright core of the ball became visible. He himself began to glow more intensely, a luminous cloud appeared near him. The cloud spread over the entire eastern part of the sky. Soon after, a second outbreak occurred, it looked like a crescent moon. Gradually, the cloud grew, and a luminous point remained in the center. A. Kissel, Deputy Head of Communications, Vysokogorsky Mine.
In the KGB, the data, as expected, were collected, filed to the case and tried to forget about them: it was still impossible to explain these phenomena from the point of view of common sense. But in the summer the "balls of fire" appeared again, so much so that it was difficult not to notice them. Several of these balls fell on the villages of Boloto in the Kemerovo Region, Krasnokamenka in the Sverdlovsk Region and Mikhailovo in the Irkutsk Region. As a result, the villages have simply disappeared from the face of the earth. Each of them was home to about 200-300 people. There may have been other incidents, in any case, the fall of similar "fireballs" was noted throughout the country - from the Urals to Kamchatka. But there is confirmed data only about the death of the three mentioned, and only because there were correctional facilities near each of them and the local guards reported to the commanders about the incomprehensible phenomena that she witnessed. The same "fireballs" that year fell not only on the territory of the USSR. Two large "fireballs" swept over the southern part of the northern island of New Zealand. One of them fell into the sea 80–140 kilometers east of Wellington. The fall of the ball caused a powerful shock wave that shook buildings in the coastal areas, and glass shattered in many houses located several kilometers from the coast. The glow of the ball was so strong that it was observed even in bright sunlight. Perhaps these were only large meteorites. There is no clarity, just as there is no open information. Now it will not be another quarter of a century. The strangest and most secret events of 50 years ago are associated with the mysterious plane crashes of the Irkutsk squadron. Information about the IL-18 crash, which crashed near Tashkent, is also classified. The materials about these disasters were at one time combined into one criminal case, although at first glance all the accidents were completely different. What united them? On November 16, the An-10 aircraft, landing at the Lvov airport, fell into a dive and crashed. The flight proceeded normally, there were no abnormal situations on board. Shortly before landing, the pilot broadcast: "Look, it is flying at us!" A few seconds passed, and the dispatcher heard another phrase: "This is not military, this is some kind of x …" A few seconds later the plane crashed to the ground. On board there were 40 passengers. On December 13, the Il-18, performing a passenger flight from Kabul to Tashkent, crashed into the mountains when landing. Before the crash, the dispatchers also heard strange exclamations on the air: "You tell the ground … So that they send me to the mental hospital at the airport?.. Never mind, let's leave … What kind of x …?" Next is the blow. These two accidents are recorded in the registries of lost aircraft, data about them can be easily verified in open sources. The situation is worse with the fall of the Tu-104, which I have the opportunity to tell in more detail. In 1959, the "carcass" barely appeared on passenger air travel. Initially, the aircraft was planned as a long-range bomber, the Tu-16 itself. But the designers made some changes, and the 104th model became the world's first mass-produced passenger jet aircraft. The first few samples were transferred to the Irkutsk squadron, with several pilots of which the author was lucky to get to know personally, in particular, with the ship's commander Sharonov, who flew those first "carcasses". Here is what Sharonov said: “The planes were good, but they had some minor design flaws. Because of these shortcomings, three disasters occurred in the 58th year,caused the death of people. Of the five planes handed over to our squadron, three crashed - of course, it was an emergency! And for the whole next year, the data on the falls of the 104s were strictly classified.”The design flaws, it seemed, were eliminated, and by 1959 the 104th model seemed to be on the wing. But another accident almost put an end to the most popular Soviet aircraft. It happened in July over Lake Baikal. Here is what Sharonov told about her: “The plane was supposed to land at the airport of Irkutsk, there were either athletes or some kind of military on board. Someone famous, I don't remember exactly. Therefore, the dispatch service was brought into a special mode of operation. And then on the air it is heard: “An unidentified object, round, is moving towards us, a glow is coming from it. Tell me …”And then the interference, and the plane disappears from the radar. Fell? A few seconds later: “God,how scary! God, how scary! Can you see it? Do you see them? " And again the plane disappears. And the last time: “I see the airport! I'm going to board! " There was no airport at all, the plane was flying over Lake Baikal. He collapsed there.”All who were in the control room were interrogated by KGB investigators. They took a non-disclosure agreement from everyone. She was taken before, but the severity in this case was such that once blabbed about what was heard in the control room, the pilot Alyotin, who was in a special position and was considered almost one of the best ship commanders in the Union, barely managed to stay in the squadron … And one of the dispatchers was simply imprisoned, and also, as they said, for divulging what he heard on the air. Alyotin told his colleagues that the fishermen who hunted in the Baikal waters saw that the falling plane was chasing a certain luminous object,moreover, he conducted the "carcass" literally to the water surface, the fishermen were able to see it quite closely. This "carcass" that collapsed into Baikal is not in the registers of air squadron losses, as there is no data on two other same year. By the way, a lot of information on the "hundred and fourth" is generally closed: for example, the victims of the first disaster that occurred in February 1958 have not yet been named (they say that our "secret" scouts flew on board), there is no information about the victims of the Leningrad catastrophe in the spring of 63rd and in the Irkutsk crash of 69th. More precisely, there is data, but they are strictly classified. It is not known whether the classification of these disasters will be removed. Although unlikely. After all, the same resonant incidents of half a century ago were classified for another 25 years …the fishermen managed to see it quite closely. This "carcass" that collapsed in Baikal is not in the registers of the losses of the squadrons, as there is no data on two other similar disasters that occurred with the Tu-104 in the same year. By the way, a lot of information on the "hundred and fourth" is generally closed: for example, the victims of the first disaster that occurred in February 1958 have not yet been named (they say that our "secret" scouts flew on board), there is no information about the victims of the Leningrad catastrophe in the spring of 63rd and in the Irkutsk crash of 69th. More precisely, there is data, but they are strictly classified. It is not known whether the classification of these disasters will be removed. Although unlikely. After all, the same resonant incidents of half a century ago were classified for another 25 years …the fishermen were able to see it quite closely. This "carcass" that collapsed in Baikal is not in the registers of the losses of the squadrons, as there is no data on two other similar disasters that occurred with the Tu-104 in the same year. By the way, a lot of information on the "hundred and fourth" is generally closed: for example, the victims of the first disaster that occurred in February 1958 have not yet been named (they say that our "secret" scouts flew on board), there is no information about the victims of the Leningrad catastrophe in the spring of 63rd and in the Irkutsk crash of 69th. More precisely, there is data, but they are strictly classified. It is not known whether the classification of these disasters will be removed. Although unlikely. After all, the same resonant incidents of half a century ago were classified for another 25 years …as there is no data on two other similar accidents that occurred with the Tu-104 in the same year. By the way, a lot of information on the "hundred and fourth" is generally closed: for example, the victims of the first disaster that occurred in February 1958 have not yet been named (they say that our "secret" scouts flew on board), there is no information about the victims of the Leningrad catastrophe in the spring of 63rd and in the Irkutsk crash of 69th. More precisely, there is data, but they are strictly classified. It is not known whether the classification of these disasters will be removed. Although unlikely. After all, the same resonant incidents of half a century ago were classified for another 25 years …as there is no data on two other similar accidents that occurred with the Tu-104 in the same year. By the way, a lot of information on the "hundred and fourth" is generally closed: for example, the victims of the first disaster that occurred in February 1958 have not yet been named (they say that our "secret" scouts flew on board), there is no information about the victims of the Leningrad catastrophe in the spring of 63rd and in the Irkutsk crash of 69th. More precisely, there is data, but they are strictly classified. It is not known whether the classification of these disasters will be removed. Although unlikely. After all, the same resonant incidents of half a century ago were classified for another 25 years …that happened in February 1958 (they say that our "secret" scouts were flying on board), there is no information about those killed in the Leningrad disaster in the spring of 63rd and in the Irkutsk crash of 69th. More precisely, there is data, but they are strictly classified. It is not known whether the classification of these disasters will be removed. Although unlikely. After all, the same resonant incidents of half a century ago were classified for another 25 years …what happened in February 1958 (they say that our "secret" scouts flew on board), there is no information about those killed in the Leningrad disaster in the spring of 63rd and in the Irkutsk crash of 69th. More precisely, there is data, but they are strictly classified. It is not known whether the classification of these disasters will be removed. Although unlikely. After all, the same resonant incidents of half a century ago were classified for another 25 years …
reference
State secret is an extremely vague and contradictory concept. There is a list of information constituting a state secret, but in fact, information that does not fall into this list is also classified. For example, the law prohibits classifying information about disasters and the state of the environment, about the privileges provided to certain categories of citizens, and about the facts of violation of the law by representatives of state authorities. In fact, the secrecy label is imposed on every second plane crash; the recent facts of dam breaks in the Urals and Siberia, which led to the contamination of soils with radioactive waste, were also classified. It is impossible to get information about some official crimes: they are classified in the so-called departmental order.
Three degrees of secrecy of information constituting a state secret and the corresponding stamps of secrecy are established: "of special importance", "top secret" and "secret". The use of the listed secrets to classify information not classified as a state secret is not allowed, although it is practiced. The period for classifying information constituting a state secret should not exceed 30 years. In exceptional cases, this period may be extended upon the conclusion of the interdepartmental commission for the protection of state secrets. In fact, about a third of cases are recognized as "exceptional", and a 30-year period in Soviet times was overcome as follows: after 25 years, the commission automatically classified for the same period all data related to the periods of the revolution and the Civil War, the Great Patriotic War,with the participation of our military in armed conflicts outside the USSR, as well as materials from environmental, industrial and aviation disasters. In the mid-1990s, President Boris Yeltsin tried by his decrees to remove the secrecy labels from a number of cases, in particular from cases of treason, but the decrees, in essence, did not work.
Today, government bodies, whose leaders are empowered to classify information as a state secret, are developing detailed lists of information to be classified “within their competence”.
And these limits are determined by the heads of state bodies themselves. A vicious circle emerges. A legislative loophole has also appeared to extend the terms of secrecy: the timing of the classification can be started not from the first classification during the Soviet era, but from the adoption of a new law on state secrets.