How are Yuri Gagarin and Vsevolod Bolshoye Gnezdo connected, is it worth marrying Negodyaev and what kind of sin are they carrying along with the Poluanin's surname?
Surnames, which we have long considered our indispensable belonging, were finally entrenched in Russia for "users" at the end of the 19th, or even at the beginning of the 20th century. Basically, they were formed from names, nicknames, crafts, place of residence. The designation process was long and did not go without incidents. For example.
His Highness the Black Haired Gull
It all started from Veliky Novgorod, where fashion trends were inflated from neighboring Lithuania. So, already in 1240, in the First Novgorod Chronicle of the senior exodus, the list of the dead sounded like this: “Kostyantin Lugotinits, Gyuryata Pineshchinich, Namirst, Jerk Nizdylov son of a tanner …”.
In the XIV-XV centuries, princes and boyars began to acquire surnames. They began to be named after the lands they owned - that is how the Tver, Vyazemsky, Meshchersky, Shuisky, etc. appeared. Nicknamed the Scriabins, Lykovs, Glazaty, Gagarins.
The latter - which is symbolic - were descended from the prince of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest. One of his descendants had five sons, three of whom had the nickname Gagara, which in Russia meant "a big black water hen". A man could be called that because of his black hair or because he has a lot of "gag" - laughing for no reason or wandering around. In general, from these black-haired laughter and went the princely branch of the Gagarins.
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The Boyar clan of the Scriabin got its name from the old nickname Scriaba. Scrub - scratch, scratch. Scrubber - brush for cleaning horses, comb for wool and cotton, spatula for scraping ice. The one who methodically used these tools and generally loved cleanliness was called the Scriber.
How the Cat became Romanov
The metamorphosis of the boyar surnames that grew out of nicknames can be traced back to the Romanov family. Who would have thought that the royal family went from the Mare and the Cat? But the fact is obvious: it was boyar Andrei Kobyla, who lived in the XIV century, who was the first historically reliable ancestor of the royal family.
Further, his son Fyodor Koshka took over the baton (as you can see, the names were not yet inherited), whose descendants were called Koshkins. Then, from generation to generation, events developed like this. The son of Zakhary Koshkin Yuri became Zakharyin-Koshkin, the son of Yuri Roman was called Roman Zakharyin-Yuriev. His son, Nikita Romanovich, bore the same surname. But already for his children the surname Romanov was firmly entrenched.
The Russian nobility did not manage without the Horde. So, the princely family of the Yusupovs originates from the Nogai ruler Yusuf-Murza (Yusup). And the ancestor of the Beklemishev nobles was Fedor Elizarovich, who had the nickname Beklemish. Beklemishes were called zipuns, which were worn by the watchmen in winter, becoming very clumsy in this dress. So, in addition to the direct meaning of “guard” (in Tatar), the word also meant “to be awkward”. By the way, the surname of the "historian of the Russian state" Nikolai Karamzin came from Kara-Murza.
Scottish sun of Russian poetry
The Russified foreigners who came from the west also added variety to the family row. For example, the ancestor of the playwright Denis Fonvizin, whom Pushkin called "from the Pere-Russian Russians," was the German baron von Wissin, who was captured during the Livonian War (1558-1583) and later converted to Orthodoxy. Therefore, initially the surname of these glorious representatives of the noble family was written by Fon-Vizin, and only at the end of the 19th century, the literary critic Nikolai Tikhonravov established the familiar spelling.
The second, according to the official version, "the sun of Russian poetry" - Mikhail Lermontov - appeared in our sky thanks to the Scotsman Georg Lermont. George entered the service of the Polish king Sigismund and in August 1613 found himself among the defenders of the White fortress. Russian troops surrounded the fortress, negotiations began, and a detachment of Scottish volunteers went into the service of the Moscow Tsar. "Shatsky" (Scottish) warrior Lermont was "received with honors and recognition of the nobility", began to be called Yuri, and the surname eventually acquired the suffix "-ov".
Read the continuation here.
Author: Maria Anisimova