Spanish and American astrophysicists studied the process of the birth of a bubble of a new universe in the middle of a black hole in the early stages of the development of the old universe. The results of their research are published on the arXiv.org portal.
Leading scientists from Spain and the United States were able to describe in detail the vacuum bubbles that form and expand during the inflationary stage of the development of the universe. At the end of this stage of evolution, the bubbles begin to lose their energy, gradually slow down and form new black holes, on the mass of which their further development depends. So, if it is less than a certain critical level, then the bubbles are transformed into a singularity, which is a point in time and space with an infinite density of its mass. In another case, bubbles continue to evolve inside the black hole, forming a new universe, which is associated with an old special wormhole or space-time tunnel.
In their studies, physicists described the entire spectrum of black holes, dividing them by masses, inside which bubbles of daughter universes can arise. It is worth noting that American and Soviet scientists, in particular, Sydney Coleman, Vyacheslav Mukhanov, Yakov Zeldovich and Alexander Vilenkin, made a great contribution to the theory of cosmic bubbles.