1. Russian state emblem of the XIX century
Let us use the book "Coats of arms of cities, provinces, regions and posadov of the Russian Empire, included in the complete collection of laws from 1649 to 1900" [162]. She reports the following. "THE STATE RUSSIAN COAT OF ARMS … represents a black TWO-HEADED EAGLE, crowned with three crowns, holding a scepter and orb in its paws and having the Moscow coat of arms on its chest … and on its wings - the COATS OF KINGDOMS AND GREAT PRINCIES" [162], p. 27.
It is reported that the coat of arms of the Russian Empire has undergone some changes over time. For example, “the wings of an eagle are initially always LOWERED DOWN; some seals of the False Dmitry of Western European work depict the wings LIFT UP. Since the time of Alexei Mikhailovich, the eagle usually has on its chest a shield with the image of the Moscow coat of arms, in its paws - a scepter and orb and is crowned with three crowns … Until the time of Mikhail Fedorovich there were TWO crowns, and between them there was usually a Russian (six-pointed) CROSS …
Often, especially on coins of the 18th century, the eagle was depicted without the Moscow coat of arms; the scepter and the orb in the clutches of the eagle were also sometimes replaced with the SWORD, laurel branch and other emblems …
The TWO-HEADED EAGLE on many monuments of the XVI and XVII centuries is not one, but accompanied by FOUR FIGURES: A LION, UNICORN, DRAGON. And the neck. Later these figures appeared the image of the Moscow coat of arms, that is, a horseman striking a dragon with a spear”[162], p. 28.
Thus, the Russian state emblem existed in several slightly different forms: the wings of an eagle upward, the wings of an eagle downward, various accompanying figures, etc. This should be constantly remembered when studying “antique” and medieval images.
At the end of the 19th century, the Russian state emblem, last approved in 1882, took the following form. The two-headed eagle is crowned with three crowns and holds a scepter and orb in its paws. On the chest there is a shield with the image of SAINT GEORGE, that is, the MOSCOW coat of arms. The main shield is surrounded by nine shields with the following coats of arms:
1) the kingdom of KAZAN, Promotional video:
2) the kingdom of ASTRAKHAN, 3) the kingdom of POLISH, 4) the kingdom of SIBERIAN, 5) the kingdom of CHERSONES OF TAVRIC, 6) the kingdom of GEORGIA, 7) the great principalities of KIEVSKY, VLADIMIRSKY AND NOVGORODSKY, 8) the Grand Duchy of FINLAND.
The family coat of arms of the Romanovs was the ninth coat of arms.
Under them are the following coats of arms:
10) Pskov, 11) Smolensky, 12) Tverskoy, 13) Yugorsky, 14) Nizhegorodsky, 15) Ryazansky, 16) Rostovsky, 17) Yaroslavsky, 18) Belozersky, 19) Udorsky, 20) Volynsky, 21) Podolsky, 22) Chernigovsky, 23) Lithuanian, 24) Belostoksky, 25) Samogitsky, 26) Polotsky, 27) Vitebsky, 28) Mstislavsky, 29) Estlyandsky, 30) Aiflyandsky, 31) Kurlyandsky and Semigalsky, 32) Korelsky, 33) Perm, 34) Vyatsky, 35) Bulgarian, 36) Obdorsky, 37) Kondiysky, 38) Turkestan.
1.1 Russian state seal of the 16th century
As noted above, the coat of arms of the Russian Empire has changed over time. Therefore, it is extremely curious to find out how it looked in the XVI-XVII centuries, that is, according to our reconstruction, in the era of the Great Medieval Russian Empire. It is also interesting how it looked right after the split of the Empire at the beginning of the 17th century. According to research [162], four old images of the Russian coat of arms of the 16th-17th centuries have survived. Namely:
1) STATE SEAL OF Tsar Ivan the Terrible. On the obverse side of the seal around the imperial double-headed eagle there are 12 coats of arms-seals of the main regions of the state [162], p. VIII and [568], p. 161. See fig. 10. Above these twelve seals, each of which is designated by the words "seal such and such", there is an image of an Orthodox eight-pointed cross with the signature "The tree bestows an ancient heritage." In fig. 11 shows the reverse side of the seal of Ivan the Terrible [568], p. 163. Print impression, see fig. 12.
Figure: 10. Great state imperial seal of the XVI century. It is considered the seal of Ivan the Terrible.
Figure: 11. The reverse side of the Russian royal seal of Ivan the Terrible.
Figure: 12. Imprint of the great state seal of Ivan the Terrible.
2) The image of the coat of arms on the throne of Mikhail Fedorovich. Here, around the central coat of arms, there are also 12 coats of arms of the regions of the Empire.
3) Coat of arms on a silver plate of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. There are no longer 12, but 16 coats of arms of the regions.
4) The image of the emblem of the Empire from the diary of Korb, who accompanied the Austrian ambassador of the Habsburgs in 1698-1699. The ambassador was sent to Moscow to negotiate a war with Turkey. This figure already shows 32 coats of arms, not counting the Moscow one, fig. thirteen.
It should be noted that the coats of arms of the same regions on the seal of Ivan the Terrible and in the drawing from. Korb's diary are often quite different. Compare fig. 11 and 13 It is interesting that, it turns out, “the final establishment of the city's coats of arms took place in the middle of the 17th century … By the end of the century, the coats of arms of many regions received a completely finished look” [162], p. VIII, section "Historical outline of city coats of arms". It is clear from this that the old coats of arms - including the Russian ones - could have been completely different from what we are used to seeing them today. It turns out that the coats of arms also went through the Scaligerian-Romanov editing of the 17th-18th centuries.
![Figure: 13. State Moscow press of the late 17th century from Korb's diary. On the seal on the eagle's wings, from left to right, the following coats of arms are located: Kiev Kiovia, Novgorod Novogradia, Astrakhan Astrakan, Moscow Moscou, Siberia Siberia, Kazan Casan, Vladimir Volodimiria. In the oval, clockwise, starting from the uppermost, there are coats of arms: Pskov Plesco, Tver Tweria, Podolia Podolia, Perm Permia, Bulgarian Bologaria, Chernigov Czernichow, Polotskij of Polotskij, Yaroslavl Ijaroslafskij, Udora Oudoria, Kondian Condislavin, Kabardian Cabardinia, Cherkasy and Mountain lands Car Kaskij & lugoria, Kartalinskiy Car talinensium, Sveiskiy Scweia, Vitebskiy Vitepskij, Obdorskiy Obdoria, Belozerskiy Bieloserskij, Rostov Rostofskij, Ryazan Resanskij,"Novgorod-Nizovskaya land" (here we could not read the inscription in the picture), Vyatka Vijatskij, Ugoria Ugoria, Volyn Volinia, Smolensk Smolensco. Taken from [162], p. XI (figure), vi-vii (translation of inscriptions)](https://i.greatplainsparanormal.com/images/022/image-64580-4-j.webp "Figure: 13. State Moscow press of the late 17th century from Korb's diary. On the seal on the eagle's wings, from left to right, the following coats of arms are located: Kiev Kiovia, Novgorod Novogradia, Astrakhan Astrakan, Moscow Moscou, Siberia Siberia, Kazan Casan, Vladimir Volodimiria. In the oval, clockwise, starting from the uppermost, there are coats of arms: Pskov Plesco, Tver Tweria, Podolia Podolia, Perm Permia, Bulgarian Bologaria, Chernigov Czernichow, Polotskij of Polotskij, Yaroslavl Ijaroslafskij, Udora Oudoria, Kondian Condislavin, Kabardian Cabardinia, Cherkasy and Mountain lands Car Kaskij & lugoria, Kartalinskiy Car talinensium, Sveiskiy Scweia, Vitebskiy Vitepskij, Obdorskiy Obdoria, Belozerskiy Bieloserskij, Rostov Rostofskij, Ryazan Resanskij,\"Novgorod-Nizovskaya land\" (here we could not read the inscription in the picture), Vyatka Vijatskij, Ugoria Ugoria, Volyn Volinia, Smolensk Smolensco. Taken from [162], p. XI (figure), vi-vii (translation of inscriptions)")
Figure: 13. State Moscow press of the late 17th century from Korb's diary. On the seal on the eagle's wings, from left to right, the following coats of arms are located: Kiev Kiovia, Novgorod Novogradia, Astrakhan Astrakan, Moscow Moscou, Siberia Siberia, Kazan Casan, Vladimir Volodimiria. In the oval, clockwise, starting from the uppermost, there are coats of arms: Pskov Plesco, Tver Tweria, Podolia Podolia, Perm Permia, Bulgarian Bologaria, Chernigov Czernichow, Polotskij of Polotskij, Yaroslavl Ijaroslafskij, Udora Oudoria, Kondian Condislavin, Kabardian Cabardinia, Cherkasy and Mountain lands Car Kaskij & lugoria, Kartalinskiy Car talinensium, Sveiskiy Scweia, Vitebskiy Vitepskij, Obdorskiy Obdoria, Belozerskiy Bieloserskij, Rostov Rostofskij, Ryazan Resanskij,"Novgorod-Nizovskaya land" (here we could not read the inscription in the picture), Vyatka Vijatskij, Ugoria Ugoria, Volyn Volinia, Smolensk Smolensco. Taken from [162], p. XI (figure), vi-vii (translation of inscriptions)
But let's turn to the state seal of Ivan the Terrible at the end of the 16th century - that is, as we now understand, to the large state seal of the Russian-Horde Empire, fig. 10. It is believed that the images of the coats of arms on it are the earliest of those listed above. It is extremely interesting to see exactly which 12 regions-kingdoms are circling the two-eyed eagle on the old Russian-Horde seal. By the way, they are all listed in the inscription on the seal in a certain order, see [162], p. VIII. Here is the inscription: “The Great Tsar Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Russia
VLADIMIRSKY, MOSCOW, NOUGORODSKY;
king of KAZAN;
tsar ASTOROKHAN;
sovereign PSKOVSKY;
Grand Duke SMOLENSKY;
(Grand Duke) TVERSKY;
(Grand Duke) YUGORSKY; …
(Grand Duke) PERMSKY;
(Grand Duke) VYATSKY;
(Grand Duke) BULGARIAN and others; Sovereign and Grand Duke Novato Cities of Nizovsky LAND;
sovereign and grand duke CHERNIGOVSKY . In Church Slavonic letters, this inscription is shown in Fig. fourteen.
Figure: 14. The inscription on the seal of Ivan the Terrible of the XVI century. Layout and typefaces M. M. Grinchuk.
Immediately, we note that among the regions listed on the seal (kingdoms and grand principalities), two are striking, which were already absent in the Romanov Russian Empire. These are the great principalities of BULGARIAN, fig. 15, 16, and YUGORSKOE, fig. 17, 18. But both of these states exist to this day. They are well known to everyone. Bulgaria is, of course, Bulgaria. And Ugra is Hungary in Old Russian. Recall that until now in the Russian language UGRAMI is called the peoples who speak the Finno-Ugric languages. In particular, the DANUBE HUNGARIAN-MADYAR [797], p. 1368. Although the Finno-Ugric population lives in different places, in the history of the Middle Ages only one large and militarily strong Ugric state is known. This is HUNGARY. Thus, it turns out that Hungary is represented on the Russian state seal of the 16th century!
Moreover - AS ONE OF THE GREAT DUCHES OF THE RUSSIAN KINGDOM. And also, we repeat, Bulgaria is represented, which, it turns out, was also a part of Russia in the 16th century, fig. ten.
Figure: 15. Bulgarian coat of arms on the seal of Ivan the Terrible.
Figure: 16. Bulgarian coat of arms on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
Before moving on, let us note that, according to the big state press, Russia in the 16th century had TWELVE MAIN REGIONS in its composition. Which, therefore, were the largest and most important. Probably, they were reflected in the Bible as the twelve tribes of Israel, see our book "Biblical Russia". Let us recall that according to our reconstruction, 12 biblical Israeli tribes moved in the 15th century from the Rus-Horde to re-conquer the “promised land”, that is, South and South-Western Europe. Let us also recall that according to our research, the biblical "Israel" is Russia-Horde, and the biblical Judea is ancient Romea with its capital in Tsar-Grad on the Bosphorus, later - the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, it is possible that the 12 kingdoms-regions on the Russian-Horde seal of the 16th century represented the same 12 tribes of Israel,who settled around the world after the Ottoman-Ataman conquest of the 15th century.
Of course, among the twelve kingdoms-regions there should have been primordially Russian-Horde ones. Such as, for example, the chronicle Veliky Novgorod, that is, according to our research, the city of Yaroslavl on the Volga. Yaroslavl is located relatively close to Moscow and Vladimir, and therefore quite rightly united on the large state seal with. Moscow and Vladimir under their ancient name "Veliky Novgorod". The original Russian-Horde regions undoubtedly also include the Kazan kingdom, the Astrakhan kingdom, the Smolensk Grand Duchy and some others, represented on the big seal.
Figure: 17. Yugorsky = Hungarian coat of arms on the seal of Ivan the Terrible.
Figure: 18. Yugorsky = Hungarian coat of arms on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
But this raises an interesting question. According to our reconstruction, the Great Medieval Russian Empire should have included - and even more so after the repeated Ottoman-Ataman conquest of the 15th century - the lands of Western and Southern Europe. And, in particular, Constantinople (Istanbul), conquered by the Ottomans-atamans. And also part of Asia Minor, Egypt and adjacent countries. Where are they on the Russian state seal of the 16th century? Maybe they are not there? Then we would come across a contradiction between our reconstruction and the real facts. But nothing like that happens. On the contrary, now we will see something very, very interesting. Moreover, it fully confirms the correctness of our reconstruction.
1.2 What is Great Perm of the XVI century and where it was located
Let's ask ourselves a simple question. Is it true that all the names on the state seal of Ivan the Terrible meant at that time exactly those lands and regions to which they are usually referred to today? No that's not true. We have already spoken about Bulgaria and Ugra above. Romanov historians cannot point to the great principalities of Bulgaria and Ugra on the map of medieval Russia in the 16th century. And we indicate them immediately. These are Bulgaria and Hungary.
But this, it turns out, is not all. The most interesting is ahead. On closer examination, it turns out that two more famous names of the lands subordinate to the Russian tsar mentioned on the seal of Ivan the Terrible - namely PERM and VYATKA - appeared on the map of the Romanov Russian Empire only at the end of the 18th (eighteenth!) Century. Moreover, both of them appeared in their current places in the same year. Namely - in 1781, shortly after the victory over Pugachev. Before that, there was no PERM and no VYATKA in the Russian Trans-Volga region, where the Romanov historians had placed them, and there was no trace.
Let's start with Perm, fig. 19 and 20. The Russian chronicles say a lot about the PERM land. It is reported to be powerful inmilitarily, the state is very rich. Probably, many Western European and Scandinavian medieval authors also speak about the Permian Land, calling it BJARMIA. The opinion about the identity of PERMI and BJARMIA has already been expressed by several scientists, although it has not become generally accepted. See, for example, the survey in [523], p. 197-200. E. A. Melnikova reports “According to this information, Bjarmia is a rich country, whose inhabitants have a huge amount of silver and precious jewelry. However, the Vikings do not always manage to capture the prey, since the Bjarmas are warlike and capable of repelling attacks”[523], p. 198. Modern historians have not been able to unambiguously indicate Bjarmia on the map of medieval Europe. For the history of a long scientific discussion on this topic, see, for example, [523], p. 197-200.
Figure: 19. Coat of arms of Perm = Germany and Austria on the seal of Ivan the Terrible.
Figure: 20. Coat of arms of Perm = Germany and Austria on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
But back to the Russian chronicles. It is believed that the Perm Land was finally annexed and subjugated to Russia only in the 15th century, that is, exactly in the era of the Ottoman-Ataman conquest. As follows from our reconstruction, the Ottoman conquest emerged from Rui and was directed to the South and West. However, we are told that the Perm land was allegedly in the eastern direction: "PERM ZEMLYA is the name in the Russian chronicles of the territory west of the Urals along the Kama, Vychegda and Pechora rivers, inhabited by the KOMI people (in the annals - PERM, PERMYAKI, and also ZYRYANE)" [85], v. 32, p. 511. That is, according to historians, Great Perm of the 16th century was located deep inside the Russian state, in sparsely populated remote places, somewhere between the Volga and the Urals. As we will now see, this statement of the Romanov historians is completely groundless. It first surfaced only in the 18th century and was nothing more than another attempt by the Romanovs to distort the true history of Russia.
Let's turn to the chronicles, They claim that the Perm land was located next to UGRA. That is, not in the East, but in the West, next to HUNGARY, since, as we already understand, the chronicle Ugra is Hungary. Based on the annals, the following is reported:
“The Novgorodians, making military trade campaigns to the Ugra land through the Perm land., Forced the Komi (in fact - PERM, since the chronicles say exactly Perm, not Komi - Auth.) To pay tribute. Since the 13th century, the Perm land has been CONSTANTLY REFERRED TO IN THE NUMBER OF THE NOVGOROD VOLOSTI. Novgorod "men" collected tribute with the help of centurions and elders from the top of the local population; LOCAL PRINCES continued to exist, PRESERVING A KNOWN SHARE OF INDEPENDENCE., Christianization of the region, carried out by Bishop STEPHANO PERMSKY (in 1383 … founded the PERM DIOCHY; DRAFTED THE ABC for Zyryan) "[85]. 511.
"In 1434 Novgorod was forced to cede in favor of Moscow a part of its income from the Perm land … In 1472 … PERM GREAT … LOCAL PRINCES were relegated to the position of servants of the Grand Duke" [85], v. 32, p. 511.
So, it turns out that the Perm land had its own princes, who were independent sovereigns until the 15th century. Moreover, it had its own bishop and its SPECIAL ABC And the very name of the country - GREAT PERM - clearly indicates its importance. Not every region of the Empire was honored with the name GREAT.
Let's see now - on what basis did the Romanov historians claim that the lands along the KAME river inhabited by the KOMI people (the names KOMI and KAMA are the same root) are the very Great Perm of the Russian chronicles?
To begin with, the KOMI peoples living along the Kama River do not call themselves either Perm or Zyryans! Both last names, apparently taken from the Russian chronicles, were assigned to them already under the Romanovs. As, by the way, is the current name of the city of Perm, which until 1781 was a simple VILLAGE. Moreover, this village was by no means called Perm, but EGOSHIKHA, see below. And it is not even hidden that the village of Yegoshikha, the future Perm, arose here only in the 17th century. What did the Romanov officials find in common between the famous chronicle Great Perm XIV -XVI centuries, about which so much has been written on the pages of Russian chronicles, and the village of Yegoshikha, BUILT ONLY IN THE XVII century? Why did they rename it to Perm, and why did the Komi call the unsuspecting local residents the big names PERMYAKI AND ZYRYANE? Where has the famous PERM ABC, invented by Stefan Permsky, disappeared without a trace? Indeed, until 1917, the Komi did not HAVE WRITING AT ALL. The encyclopedia speaks about this quite frankly: “the Komi people did not have their own written language” [85], v. 22, p. 146.
According to other sources [485], p. 232, for worship in the Komi language in the 17th century, a writing based on KIRILL was used. But - not the alphabet of Stefan Permsky!
Further it is reported: "KOMI (self-name - Komi, Komi-Yas; in Tsarist Russia (ie in the XIX century - Avt) were known under the name ZYRYAN) … the number of Komi 226,300 people (according to the 1926 census)" [85], t. 22, p. 138.
"The economy of the Komi Territory remained natural for a long time … In the 17th century, there were only two settlements for the whole region - Yarensk and Turia, one trading village Tuglim … Only gradually, in the 17th and especially in the 18th centuries, trade developed and local markets were formed" [85], v. 22, p. 142.
“In the pre-revolutionary Komi region, there was NO NATIONAL PRESS” [85], v. 22, p. 146. Moreover - there was no print even in Russian! Only after 1917 in Komi "a printing base was created for printing books, magazines and newspapers in Russian and in the Komi language" [85], v. 22, p. 146.
“The founder of Komi literature is the poet-educator … I. A. Kuratov (1839-75) "[85], v. 22, p. 146. However, I. A. Kuratov WRITTEN IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE [85], v. 22, p. 147. Which is understandable - after all, in his time the Komi did not even have a written language.
“The Komi-Zyryan language (otherwise - KOMI LANGUAGE) is the Komi language (Zyryan) … The number of speakers is about 220 thousand people. The literary language was formed after … the revolution on the basis of the Syktyvkar-Vychegda dialect, which is a cross between the Komi-Zyryan dialects prevailing in Komi”[85], v. 22, p. 149.
We got acquainted with the data on one of the Komi peoples, which, according to the Romanovs' conception, plays the role of the chronicle Zyryans. Another Komi nationality, related to the first, played, according to the same Romanov idea, the role of chronicle Permians. In both cases, the local residents did not "learn" the loud chronicle names given to them under the Romanovs. They still call themselves just KOMI.
“Komi-Perm (self-name KOMI, also used KOMI-MORT, which means“Komi-man”and KOMI-OTIR -“Komi-people”,“Komi-people”- in tsarist Russia (i.e. in the 19th century - Auth.) Were known under the name of Perm) … The number of Komi-Perm, according to 1926, is 149400 people. In terms of language and culture, they are very close to the Komi-Zyryans … Komi-Permians have been influenced by Russian culture since the 14th century, and maybe even earlier”[85], v. 22, p. 150.
By the beginning of the 20th century, “the Permian Komi were a small nationality … doomed to the complete loss of their national culture … During the years of Soviet power, a literary language and WRITING were created” [85], v. 22, p. 150.
“The Permian Komi language is the Permian Komi language … The number of speakers is about 149 thousand people. The literary Permian language was formed after … the revolution on the basis of the Inven dialect”[85], v. 22, p. 153.
Today we are being convinced that it was allegedly not at all easy to annex the Permian Komi to the Russian state. In fact, it is reported that only "from the 15th century. the territory of the Permian Komi (which in Russian sources was known under the name PERMI GREAT) became part of the Russian state”[85], v. 22, p. 150. That is, according to the ROMANOVSKY READING of the Russian chronicles, only in the 15th century did the Russian troops finally - apparently with great difficulty - finally conquer the stubbornly resisting Permian Komi and annex their remote lands to Russia. After that, the "Perm seal", among the seals of the twelve most important regions of the Empire, was solemnly hoisted on a place of honor on the state emblem. And the proud title of the "Grand Duke of Perm"passed - as if from the forests and fields around the village of Yegoshikhi - to the Vladimir, Moscow and Novgorod Grand Duke. Although, we repeat, there was no village here before the 17th century. Moreover, until the end of the 18th century, there are no traces of the name PERM in these places.
The following is known about the modern city of Perm. “The city was founded ON THE PLACE OF THE VILLAGE OF EGOSHIKHI, ARISED IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 17TH CENTURY. In 1723 a copper smelting plant was built, the village at which in 1781 RENAME INTO THE CITY OF PERM AND MADE A CENTER OF THE PERM REGIONALITY”[85], v. 28, p. 154.
After the fall of the Romanovs, the name PERMYAKI for the Komi people did not survive. Local residents have not forgotten their real name - Komi ("Kamsky"). In the Soviet encyclopedia we read: "Permians are an OLD name of the Komi-Permyak people" [85], v. 32, p. 517.
So, the local population of the Perm region does not recognize the name "Perm" and calls itself KOMI. The city of Perm itself was "made" from the village of Yegoshikha only at the end of the 18th century. So why is the famous chronicle Great Perm identified today with the lands along the Kama River? Most likely, the Komi people were appointed by the Romanovs to play the role of Perm not by chance, but with a certain intent. What did the Romanov historians try to hide with the help of a crafty substitution of concepts? The purpose of the substitution is obvious: to hide what the real Great Perm of the 16th century was. Which was still part of the Russian Great Empire at that time. It turns out that the chronicle Perm is the name of a completely different people. But which one?
We can now formulate our reconstruction. The real medieval Great Perm, reflected in the annals, is, apparently, SOUTH GERMANY (without Prussia), AUSTRIA and NORTHERN ITALY.
This is indicated by some obvious traces in the geographical names. For example, in Northern Italy the ancient city of PARMA is known, in the name of which PERM is frankly sounds. And in the capital of Austria, Vienna, there is still the Cathedral of St. STEPHANES. Maybe it was the famous Stephen of Permsky, the educator of Perm? Even the very name GERMANY is perhaps just a variant of the word PERM.
But then it immediately becomes clear why in the history of the village of Yegoshikha the famous alphabet of St. Stephen of Perm was "lost". It turns out that it’s not the point that the Trans-Volga Komi could not learn and preserve the alphabet given to them. And the fact that they never had it. Saint Stephen of Perm taught in ALL OTHER PLACES - in Austria, Germany, Northern Italy. There he was honored with the grateful memory of the local population. A huge St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna was built in his honor. It turns out that in the XIV century Stephen of Permsky taught GERMANS his new alphabet. We also note that he was a PERM, that is, a GERMAN bishop. He was also called Stephen VELIKOPERMSKY [936], v. 2, p. 635.
By the way, was it not LATIN ABC that St. Stephen invented? Then it spread throughout the countries of Western Europe and entered into general use there. Moreover, not earlier than the 15th century, since Stefan of Perm himself lived at the end of the 14th century. And, probably, only in the 17th century - after the collapse of the Great Empire - the Latin alphabet was cunningly declared "one of the oldest types of writing on Earth." Which was proudly used by such great men of "antiquity" as Titus Livy, for example. By the way, according to New Chronology, Titus Livy lived, most likely, in the XVI-XVII centuries AD. and therefore could really use the Latin alphabet. Invented by Saint Stephen of Perm 100-150 years before him.
The possible identification of the annalistic Great Perm with medieval Germany, discovered by us, fully clarifies, for example, the following, which seemed extremely strange story of Karamzin. Following the old sources, and apparently not always understanding what they were talking about, Karamzin reports the following about the Mongol, that is, the Great Conquest: “The Mongols spread their conquests more and more, and through Kazan Bulgaria reached Perm itself, WHERE ARE MANY THE RESIDENTS, OUTSTANDED BY THEM, FLEED TO NORWAY”[362], v. 4, ch. 2, stb. 58. Even a cursory glance at the map is enough to appreciate the fantastic nature of this picture, if Great Perm really was where the Romanov historians put it - on the banks of the Kama. With about the same success from the banks of the Kama it was possible to escape to America. But if Great Perm is Germany,then everything becomes completely natural and understandable. Refugees from Germany could indeed appear in Norway and Sweden. To do this, they only had to swim across the Kattegat or Skagerrak straits.
1.3 What is Vyatka of Russian chronicles and where was it
Let's return to the state seal of Ivan the Terrible. Immediately after Perm, Vyatka is mentioned in the royal title carved on the seal: “… the Grand Duke of Smolensk, Tver, Yugorsk, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgarian …”, fig. 21 and 22. Note that according to the Russian chronicles Yurpa, Perm and Vyatka are also regions close to each other. No wonder the later Romanov “history improvers” placed all these three areas in approximately the same dense forests between the Volga and the Urals.
And if the annalistic Great Perm is identified with Austria, southern Germany and northern Italy, then the annalistic Vyatka should be approximately in the same places. As we shall see, this is indeed the case.
But before showing this, let's see - when and on what basis the city of Vyatka, located between the Volga and the Urals, got its big name.
The encyclopedia says: “VYATKA … Founded by Novgorodians at the end of the 12th century under the name of Khlynova … In the 15-17th centuries, Khlynov (Vyatka) played the role of a significant trade center. AT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VYATSK OWNERSHIP (1781) Khlynov was renamed Vyatka”[85], v. 9, p. 584.
Thus, it turns out that on the site of the modern city of Vyatka until the end of the 18th century (the eighteenth!) There was the city of Khlynov, which is quite famous from Russian chronicles.
The name "Vyatka" was attributed to Khlynov only at the end of the 18th century, after the defeat of Pugachev. Apparently, the river on which Khlynov stood was also renamed at the same time. She also began to be called Vyatka. However, it is possible that this river was previously called Vyatka or Vetka. After all, BRANCH is a fairly common name for a river. For example, the rivers Vetil and Vetluga are known. In some Slavic dialects, the letter "yat" present in the word VETKA is pronounced like I and then VYATKA is obtained. But what has it to do with the famous chronicle VYATSK LAND?
The encyclopedia continues. “VYATSKAYA ZEMLYA - an area in the basin of the upper and partly middle reaches of the Vyatka River, inhabited by Udmurts and Mari; was founded at the end of the 12th century by the Novgorodians. The main city of Vyatka was the city of Khlynov; secondary cities: Kotelnich, Nikulitsyn, Orlov, Slobodskoy. In 1489 the Vyatka land was annexed to the Moscow principality. At the end of the 18th century, the Vyatka land became part of the Vyatka province”[85], v. 9, p. 584.
“Before … the revolution, Vyatka was the center of the region with a small handicraft industry … Among the preserved architectural monuments:
Assumption Cathedral (1689), houses in the style of classicism of the late 18th - early 19th centuries, gates, 2 gazebos and a cast-iron lattice of the city garden, made by the architect A. L. Vitberg, who was in exile in Vyatka (1835-40)”[85], v. 21, p. 114. Thus, there are very few historical monuments here. Let us ask ourselves a question: have traces of major medieval battles survived in modern Vyatka? Such traces should be, since the chronicles repeatedly describe the wars "with the Vyatka land." There should be at least some remnants of the fortress walls, the Kremlin, the princely chambers. THERE IS NOTHING LIKE IN THE MODERN VYATKA. As we can see, the earliest surviving building in the city of Khlynov, the future "Vyatka", is the cathedral of the LATE XVII CENTURY.
Figure: 21. Coat of arms of Vyatka = Spain and Italy on the seal of Ivan the Terrible.
Figure: 22. Coat of arms of Vyatka - Spain and Italy on the State Seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
Let us turn to the annals again. The name of the Vyatichi is well known in Russian chronicles. The encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Euphron informs: “Vyatichi is a Slavic tribe … being from the Poles clan and getting its name from the leader Vyatko. in 964 Svyatoslav Igorevich turned to them with a demand for tribute, they answered that they were paying the khozars. The following year, Svyatoslav defeated them, defeated the khozars, and then only began for the Vyatichi dependence on the Kiev princes. The Vyatichi more than once tried to postpone, but each time they were defeated … In 1097, at the congress of Russian princes in Lyubech, the Vyatichi country was approved for the sons of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich as part of the Chernigov principality. Between 1146 and 1157the land of the Vyatichi became the theater of the internecine warfare of the Russian princes, and the annalistic legends about it first mention the cities of Vyatichi: Kozelsk, two Debryansk, Koltesk, Dedoslav, Nerinsk, etc. At the end of this struggle, the Vyatichi land was divided into two parts: the northern part, under the rule Suzdal, and southern, which was the lot of the Olgovichi, the princes of Chernigov. During the invasion of the Mongols, the land of the Vyatichi was devastated; from their cities Kozelsk became famous for its resistance. At the end of the XIV century, some of the cities of Vyatichi were annexed to Lithuania. With the strengthening of the Moscow principality, the northern parts of the Vyatichi region became part of it. The very name "Vyatichi" disappears in the monuments as early as the XIII century "Dedoslav, Nerinsk, etc. At the end of this struggle, the Vyatichi land was divided into two parts: the northern, under the rule of the princes of Suzdal, and the southern, which was the lot of the Olgovichi, the princes of Chernigov. During the invasion of the Mongols, the land of the Vyatichi was devastated; from their cities Kozelsk became famous for its resistance. At the end of the XIV century, some of the cities of Vyatichi were annexed to Lithuania. With the strengthening of the Moscow principality, the northern parts of the Vyatichi region became part of it. The very name "Vyatichi" disappears in the monuments in the XIII century "Dedoslav, Nerinsk, etc. At the end of this struggle, the Vyatichi land was divided into two parts: the northern, under the rule of the princes of Suzdal, and the southern, which was the lot of the Olgovichi, the princes of Chernigov. During the invasion of the Mongols, the land of the Vyatichi was devastated; from their cities Kozelsk became famous for its resistance. At the end of the XIV century, some of the cities of Vyatichi were annexed to Lithuania. With the strengthening of the Moscow principality, the northern parts of the Vyatichi region became part of it. The very name "Vyatichi" disappears in the monuments in the XIII century "At the end of the XIV century, some of the cities of Vyatichi were annexed to Lithuania. With the strengthening of the Moscow principality, the northern parts of the Vyatichi region became part of it. The very name "Vyatichi" disappears in the monuments as early as the XIII century "At the end of the XIV century, some of the cities of Vyatichi were annexed to Lithuania. With the strengthening of the Moscow principality, the northern parts of the Vyatichi region became part of it. The very name "Vyatichi" disappears in the monuments in the XIII century"
Thus, the very name "Vyatichi" in Russian chronicles is firmly associated with the western or southwestern regions, but not with the Trans-Volga lands in the east. Therefore, as in the case of the chronicle Perm, we will have to re-search for a country that claims to be the famous name of Istoricheskaya Vyatka. The coat of arms of which takes an honorable place on the state seal of the Russian-Horde Empire of the 16th century.
Since the Vyatka land is present on the Russian state seal of the 16th century and is often mentioned in the annals in connection with the events of the 11th-13th, as well as the 15th-16th centuries A. D., then, according to our reconstruction, it is natural to turn in search of the chronicle Vyatka to the well-known “antique »The geographical treatise of Strabo. This enormous work contains numerous information about the geography of the "ancient world". That is, as we now understand, about the geography of the XIV-XVI centuries A. D.
We open the geographical index in the fundamental edition of Strabo [819]. We read: “BETICA is the region of Iberia, BETIUS is a city in Iberia; BETIUS, BETIS (modern Guadalquivir), a river in Iberia”[819], p. 853-854. And Iberia is SPAIN. Thus, the thought arises that the historical chronicle VYATKA is medieval SPAIN of the XIV-XVI centuries. Let us recall that in Western European languages the Russian and Greek letter C is read as B, for example, barbarian - barbar, Belshazzar - Baltasar, etc. Therefore, the names BETIKA, BETY correspond to Russian VETIKA, VETIY. Very similar to VYATKA.
Figure: 23. Map of European Switzerland, attributed to ancient Ptolemy. From the Geography of Ptolemy.
In addition, the same index to Strabo reads: "VATIKA is a city in Campania" [819], p. 852, 856. Another name for the same city is BAYI, see ibid. The Campania region, where the city of Vatica is located, is located in central Italy. Where, by the way, is the VATICAN, in the name of which the same VYATKA pops up. Therefore, the Italian Vatican is quite suitable as one of the capitals of the chronicle Vyatka. Mentioned, we repeat, on the Russian-Horde state seal of the 16th century as one of the great principalities subordinate to the Russian tsar.
In Spain, besides the region of Betica, that is, Vyatka, there was also the region of VETTONIA, called in the "Geography" of Strabo a part of Iberia [819], p. 856.
Now the presence on medieval maps of the name HELVETIA PRIMA in the place of Switzerland becomes clear. See, for example, the map from Ptolemy's Geography [1353], which we present in Fig. 23. The name He1-VETIA clearly sounds Vyatka, and in the word Prima, that is, the First, perhaps the name PERM appears. The name Helvetia can mean "Gallic Vyatka". Even modern Swiss coins have this word engraved - Helvetica. Let us recall that Switzerland is located between Austria (chronicle Perm), France (chronicled Gaul) and Italy (chronicled Vyatka).
From the point of view of our reconstruction, the picture is clear enough. Earlier, in the XV-XVI centuries, the Horde names Vyatka, Perm, Yugra, Tver and some others designated the vast lands of Western Europe, which were part of the Great Russian “Medieval Empire. But then the Romanov historians and cartographers, when they needed to write the “correct” history of medieval Russia, dragged (on paper) most of these names to the most remote places in Russia. The locals at that time were still illiterate and, probably, did not even notice how drastically their role in ancient history changed. What high-profile and glorious deeds, it turns out, were accomplished by their ancestors many, many years ago. And Western Europeans, contemporaries of the Romanovs, with relief and gratitude gave Russia the names that interfered with them. After which the big names of Perm and Vyatka on the coat of arms of the Russian Empire ceased,finally, cut the ears of both Western European and Romanov historians.
1.4. Where was the chronicle Tver
The state Russian seal of the 16th century also has the name TVER, fig. 24 and 25. The question is, what did it mean in this case? According to our reconstruction, ancient Tver is the Bosphorus Constantinople, aka Istanbul. Tver is Tiberias, the city of Tiberias. We talk about this in detail in our book "Biblical Russia". Let us add here only that, according to the observation of the historians themselves, “at one time, TVER was perceived as a new Constantinople” [748], p. 478.
Figure: 24. Coat of arms of Tver Tsar-Grad on the seal of Ivan the Terrible.
Figure: 25. Coat of arms of Tver Tsar-Grad on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
Then, when Romanov's historians began to write a “new” history, they dragged the name TVER from the Bosphorus to northern Russia. After that, the coat of arms of TVER on the Russian-Horde seal of the 16th century ceased to frighten both the Romanov historians and their Western European counterparts.
Let us recall that in the modern Russian city of Tver there are no remnants of old medieval fortifications, there are no traces of the Kremlin, princely chambers, and, apparently, there are no old buildings earlier than the 17th century. This suggests that the city was never the capital of a large principality and had no military-strategic importance. In particular, it has never been the capital of an independent state.
1.5. The name Pskov in the Russian-Horde seal of the 16th century probably meant Prussia
It is known that the city of Pskov was also called Pleskov. This is reported, for example, by Karamzin [362], Vol. 4, pillar. 384, an index of geographical names. But, as we have already noted more than once, the sounds L and R were often confused. That is why the word PLESKOV or PRESKOV in some chronicles could mean a PRUSSIAN city. Thus, in the Russian-Horde coat of arms of the 16th century, the name PSKOV could mean Prussia as one of the 12 largest regions of the Great Medieval Empire, Fig. 26 and 27. However, it is possible that it was the Russian city of Pskov that was once the capital of the governorship, from which Prussia was governed.
Figure: 26. Coat of arms of Pskov = Prussia on the seal of Ivan the Terrible.
Figure: 27. Coat of arms of Pskov = Prussia on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
1.6. Geographical location of the twelve grand principalities-tribes of the Russian state seal of the 16th century
Let's mark on the geographical map of Europe the capitals of twelve great principalities, listed on the obverse of the state seal of Russia-Horde of the 16th century. Note that in the book "Biblical Russia" we establish a connection between these twelve regions with the famous twelve tribes of Israel described in the Bible. The resulting picture is shown in Fig. 28. Bold dots and numbers indicate the capitals of the twelve medieval grand principalities-tribes, which we discovered, located around the Russian-Horde double-headed eagle. The numbering corresponds to their order indicated in the royal title on the state seal:
1) VELIKY NOVGOROD, including Vladimir and Moscow. This is Vladimir-Suzdal Rus.
2) KAZAN kingdom.
3) ASTRAKHAN kingdom.
4) State PSKOV (PRUSSK). This is central and northern Germany.
5) The Grand Duchy of SMOLENSK.
6) Grand Duchy of TVERSKY (TIVERSKY). This is Turkey with its capital in Constantinople-Istanbul.
7) Grand Duchy of Yugorsk. This is HUNGARY.
8) The Grand Duchy of PERM. These are Germany and Austria.
9) The Grand Duchy of Vyatka. These are Spain, Southern France and Italy.
10) The Grand Duchy of Bulgaria. These are the Balkans, where the state of Bulgaria still exists.
11) State of Nizovsky. These are the Nizhny Novgorod lands.
12) State of CHERNIGOVSKY.
Figure: 28. The location of the capitals of the twelve kingdoms listed on the obverse side of the Russian-Horde State Seal of the 16th century. All of them were part of the Great = Mongol Empire in the 16th century. Our reconstruction
Fig. 28 shows that the twelve listed Horde-biblical principalities-tribes are clearly divided into several groups.
FIRST group - kingdoms along the Volga: Veliky Novgorod, Kazan, Astrakhan, -
THE SECOND group - Western Russia: Pskov (Prussia), Smolensk (Belarus and part of Ukraine, that is, White and Blue Russia).
THE THIRD group - Western and Southern Europe: Constantinople-Istanbul, Hungary, Austria, Spain, Italy, Bulgaria.
A separate, FOURTH, group at the end of the list is made up of two more Russian principalities - Nizhny Novgorod and Chernigov, standing in the royal title on the seal after the words “and others”.
Thus, the state emblem of Russia-Horde of the XIV century really depicts a significant part of the Great Medieval Empire. Probably, the then still poorly developed distant eastern and western lands were not included.
Including overseas, located in America, see our books "Biblical Russia" and "The development of America". All this is in good agreement with our reconstruction.
2. The state seal of the time of the first Romanovs from the diary of Korb
In fig. 13 we present the state seal of Romanov Russia at the end of the 17th century from a drawing preserved in the diary of Korb, a contemporary of that era [162], p. XI, section "Historical sketch of city coats of arms". Here the number of subordinate coats of arms surrounding the double-headed eagle is much greater than on the seal of the era of Ivan the Terrible, see above. Among them there are mysterious kingdoms and principalities, such as UDORSKOYE, KONDIYSKOYE and OBDORSKOYE. In addition, the IVERSK and KARTALIN states subordinate to Russia are named. One of them, the Kingdom of Kartala, probably corresponds to modern Georgia. But then the Iversk principality is most likely ISPA-
NIYA, which is called IBERIA on many old maps. We, of course, do not want to say that at the end of the 17th century Spain still belonged to the Romanov Moscow state. It's just that the Romanovs took for themselves some old imperial Russian-Horde state seal, on which distant lands were listed, which in the 16th century still belonged to Russia-Horde. This old seal was apparently MORE DETAILED than the large state seal of Ivan the Terrible, which we discussed above.
It is immediately striking that the Russian press from Korb's diary presents such well-known states - never, in the opinion of historians, which did not belong to Russia - as SWEISKOE, that is, SWEDISH, fig. 29, Iverskoe, that is, SPANISH, fig. 30, YUGORSKY, that is, HUNGARIAN, as well as BULGARIAN kingdom. There is a PERM kingdom - that is, as we have already found out, AUSTRIA.
Figure: 29. Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Sweden = Sweden on the State Seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
Figure: 30. Coat of arms of Iberia = Spain on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
Let us now turn to three new, at first glance, not very clear names of states on the coat of arms from Korb's diary: UDORSKOE, KONDIYSKOE and OBDORSKOE. What do they mean? Let us again use the work of the "antique" classic Strabo, who wrote, as we now understand, in the 16th-17th centuries.
2.1 The island of Crete (Kandiy) or possibly the English (Kantian) island is represented on the seal from Korb's diary under the name "Kondinia"
Let's start with the state of CONDINIA, which is present on the coat of arms from Korb's diary, fig. 31. What is this state? Let us remember that KANTY is the old name of KENT [819], p. 876. KENT is a well-known medieval kingdom in ENGLAND. Sailing across the English Channel, you get from the mainland directly to Kent. In this sense, England begins with Kent. Kent is, so to speak, the "gateway to England".
As we said above, in the 17th century, Russian sources still retained the memory of a certain KANDIAN ISLAND, located in the Mediterranean Sea or in the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean at that time was sometimes not separated from the Mediterranean Sea. This implies a rather plausible assumption that the KANDIAN ISLAND of the old Russian SOURCES is simply England, that is, the ISLAND OF KANTY, KENT.
It is possible that in the XV-XVI centuries, from the point of view of the Russian-Horde tsars, the whole of England was called with one word KANTI. By the way, to this day the Canterbury (that is, "Kantian") archbishop is the head of the English church. So from the point of view of Russian-Horde church sources, all of England could rightfully be called Kent or Candy.
Figure: 31. Coat of arms of the Kandyan kingdom = Crete or England, on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
Here is a short information about Kent. “CENTERBURY is a city in the south-east of England, in the county of KENT … After the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Kent. At the end of the 6th century. In Canterbury, an episcopal see and an abbey were founded, the ANCIEST IN THE COUNTRY. FROM THIS TIME KENT IS THE RESIDENCE OF THE ARCHBISHOP OF CENTERBURIAN, HEAD OF THE CATHOLIC, AND FROM 16 C - THE ANGLICAN CHURCH "[85], v. 20, p. 528.
And further. “Kent is a county in Great Britain, in the south-east of England, AT THE STRAIT OF PA DE CALE. … In ancient times, Kent was inhabited by BELGIs (that is, VOLGARI, BULGARIANS? - Auth.). In the 1st century. conquered by the Romans. The Kent area was the MOST ROMANIZED part of the Roman province of Britain. From the middle of the 5th century. underwent the conquest of the German tribe YUTOV, who formed their kingdom here. In the 80s. 8 c. Kent was part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of MERCIA, from the beginning of the 9th century. - to the UESSEKS (Wessex - Auth.). After the adoption of Christianity by the Kent kings (597), Kent became the center for the spread of Catholicism in the country”[85], v. 20, p. 527.
Figure: 32. Fragment of the map of Greece XVI !! century. The map was produced in Amsterdam. The year of compilation is not indicated on the map itself. Carte de la Grece. Par G. DE L'ISLE de I'Academie R. le des Sciences et L.er Geog. du Roy. A Amsterdam Chez R. & I. OTENS Geographes
Figure: 33. An enlarged fragment of a map of Greece in the 18th century depicting the island of Crete, here called KANDY. Carte de la Grece. Par G. DE L'ISLE de I'Academie R. le des Sciences et l.er Geog. du Roy. A Amsterdam Chez R. & I. OTENS Geographes.
It is possible that here under the name YUTOV is meant GOTY, that is, according to. our reconstruction, Russian-Horde COSSACKS. The name MERCIA is possibly simply MARINE. And the name WESSEX may well have come from MESSEX, since W is an inverted M. These two letters were sometimes confused in old texts and the chronicler could read the original MESSEX as WESSEX. But MESSEX, that is, MESHEKH - since the Latin SS in medieval texts often denotes the sound Ш, - unambiguously indicates the MOSCOW kingdom. Let us recall that the very name Moscow was consistently associated in the Middle Ages with the name of the biblical patriarch MESHEKH.
However, there is another way to identify the name KONDINA in the Russian press of the 17th century with the medieval state. As we said above, the island of Candia is marked in the Mediterranean Sea on many old maps. This is the current island of CRETE. This is how the island of Crete is named, for example, on the map "Turkey in Europe" ("Turky in Europe"), dated 1714 and compiled by Iona Senex (lohn Senex) according to the Royal Societies of Paris and London. One of the copies of this map is kept today in the archives of the Belgrade City Museum, where in 1997 it was shown to A. T. Fomenko. On it, the island of Crete is named CANDIA, that is, Candia. The capital of the island is also named Candia (Candia). The name Crete is absent at all.
We see the same thing on the map of Greece in the 18th century, shown in Fig. 32, 33. Both the whole island of Crete and its capital are named CANDIE, and the current name "Crete" is also absent here.
2.2 Obdoria on the seal from Korb's diary and the "antique" Abder in Betica, Spain
Historians teach us that the state of Obdoria or Obdor on the Russian press of the 17th century, fig. 34 - this is, they say, a remote area of northeastern Russia. Located in approximately the same places where medieval Perm, Vyatka, Kandiy were allegedly located. See [162], p. 29, article "Fundamentals of heraldry of land emblems". We have already said about Perm, Vyatka and Kandiya above. These names, apparently, designated large areas in WESTERN EUROPE, and not in the forests between the Volga and the Urals. But in this case, the mysterious OBDORA, too, most likely, should have been located somewhere in Western or Southern Europe. We rediscover the "antique" Strabo, the author of the 16th-17th centuries, and easily find numerous references to the city of ABDERA in BETIKA. That is, in SPAIN, as we now understand. We also find ABDERS in Thrace [819], p. 837. But then it turns outthat the mysterious COMBINATION of the Russian state 'coat of arms is probably the region of SPAIN or Thrace. And maybe France, if we remember that THRACIA and FRANCE are just two variants of the same name. Recall that Latin C was read both as C and as K.
Figure: 34. Coat of arms of Obdora = the city or region of Betika in Spain or Abdera in Thrace, or France on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
2.3 Mysterious Udoria on the seal from the diary of Korb and the lands of Germany along the Oder River
Romanov historians have not been able to unambiguously indicate the chronicle state of Udora or Udoria on the map of medieval Russia, fig. 35. On the seal from Korb's diary, fig. 13, the coat of arms of Udoria is placed between the Yaroslavl and Kondia coat of arms. On the large coat of arms of the Russian Empire of the 19th century, the coat of arms of Udora is placed next to Pskov and Smolensk, fig. 36. See the third in a row of six upper shields, each divided into 9 parts. At the very bottom is the Udora coat of arms, in the center - the Pskov one, on the left - the Smolensk one.
Figure: 35. Coat of arms of Udora = lands along the Oder river in Germany and Poland on the State seal of the Russian Empire of the 17th century.
After all that has been said, it is natural to assume that here, too, it was a question of Western European lands on the border of present-day Germany and Poland, where the famous river Oder (Odra) flows. In the 16th century, these lands were apparently still subject to Moscow, but in the 17th century, after the collapse of the Great Russian Medieval Empire, they became independent. However, the coat of arms of the “lost by historians” Udora was preserved on the Russian state seal, as we see in the 17th and even in the 19th century.
3. Our reconstruction
Let us briefly formulate our idea, the detailed justification of which will be presented in the subsequent books of this series. See also the book "Biblical Russia".
1) In the second half of the 16th century, an uprising began in Western Europe, which we know today under the name of the Reformation. It was not so much a religious as a political movement in Western Europe for the liberation from the power of the Great Russian Medieval Empire.
2) The most famous of the Russian tsars-khans, under whom these dramatic events took place, was reflected in many chronicles - Russian and European - under different names. Among them are Tsar Ivan "the Terrible", Emperor Charles V of Habsburg, Assyrian-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar.
3) The Tsars of Russia-Horde did not manage to preserve the integrity of the Great Empire in the 16th and early 17th centuries. A heavy confusion began in Russia. In the first half of the 17th century, the Empire perishes. Western Europe managed not only to secede and gain independence, but also to plant its protégés, the Romanovs, on the Moscow throne. But that was not enough. The rebels-reformers understood perfectly well that when, after a while, the turmoil in Russia was overcome, the power of the Russian Empire would again begin to spread in all directions. To prevent this, it was necessary to drive a wedge between the two most powerful parts of the split Empire - Russia-Horde and Osmania-Atamania, which was successfully done by the hands of the pro-Western Romanov dynasty. Wars between Russia and Turkey began. Western European rulers,only recently became independent and striving with all their might to preserve this independence, breathed more freely.
4) To substantiate the rights of the new dynasties that came to power as a result of the Reformation, and on the crest of the joy of liberation from the imperial yoke, in the 16th-17th centuries in Western Europe, a stormy rewriting of history began.
Naturally, the Romanovs in Russia did the same. The thread of the historical narrative was, as it were, torn into two parts - before the Troubles of the beginning of the 17th century and after it. The history of the immediate past of the XV-XVI centuries was intentionally and grossly distorted. The main goal in this, apparently, was to eliminate traces of the existence of the Great Medieval Empire, traces of the domination of Russia-Horde and Ottomania-Atamania over Western Europe. The delight of liberation from the "bestial (Scythian) imperial yoke" broke through in Western Europe sometimes in the most harsh expressions, the echoes of which can be observed even in the 19th century. As a small but characteristic stroke, one can cite, for example, the map of Europe published in England in 1877, Left side of the map. Russia is depicted on it as a huge octopus, which stretches out its disgusting tentacles to the civilized countries of Europe and Asia,wanting to swallow them. As we now understand, this fear of Western Europe towards Russia has very deep historical roots. Taken from the atlas "The Art of Cartography" [1160], p. 337-338 fig. 37 and fig. 38. It is kept in the British Museum and reproduced, for example, in the fundamental atlas "The Art of Cartography" [1160], p. 337-338. Russia is depicted here in the form of a huge disgusting octopus crawling over "noble Europe". The rest of the European countries are represented by very graceful images. This educational and propaganda picture goes back to medieval Western European models familiar to us, for example, from the Chronicle of Matthew of Paris [1268]. Who authoritatively assured readers that the "evil Tatars" who attacked "good Western Europe", they say, drink water only when there is no fresh blood at hand [722], p. 240.
Figure: 37. Map of Europe, published in England in 1877. Left side of the map. Russia is depicted on it as a huge octopus, which stretches out its disgusting tentacles to the civilized countries of Europe and Asia, wanting to swallow them. As we now understand, this fear of Western Europe towards Russia has very deep historical roots. Taken from the atlas The Art of Cartography.
Figure: 38. Map of Europe, published in England in 1877. Right side of the map, depicting a very bad Russia. The explanatory text begins like this: Octopus - Russia - forgetting about the wound received in the Crimea (we are talking about the Crimean War of the middle of the 19th century - Author), stretches out its tentacles in all directions & hellip;.
5) In the 17th century, extensive editing of old chronicles began and the writing of new, "correct chronicles" instead of the "wrong" old ones. Especially “wrong” originals were ruthlessly destroyed. Old Bible lists were edited and destroyed. Quite fresh, just written works were declared "antique", and therefore very authoritative. Inconvenient events were pushed back into the deep past. Many words and concepts have purposefully changed their meaning. For example - the words "Catholicism", "Roman Empire", "Reformation" were presented in a completely different light than in reality. As a result, it is only with great difficulty that genuine information about the events before the 17th century can reach us through the thick and highly distorting prism of the Scaligerian editors of the 17th-18th centuries.
Figure: 36. Great coat of arms of the Russian Empire in 1882-1917.
4. The old coat of arms of Yaroslavl - a bear with a protazan in the form of an Ottoman crescent. Until the 17th century, the protazan served as a symbol of power throughout Europe
The Ottoman-Ataman crescent was often depicted on Russian city coats of arms (see our research on this in the second book of this series, "The Great Troubles").
at the end of the eighteenth century, the Romanovs changed many old Russian coats of arms, significantly distorting their original appearance. As a result, the Ottoman-Ataman crescent in many cases disappeared from them or turned into images of objects that only vaguely resemble a crescent. As we discovered, the first wave of Romanov's renaming and reworking swept across Russian history and Russian symbolism in the 17th century. It turned out, apparently, not enough. And at the end of the 18th century, the Romanovs, apparently, decided to clean up Russian history completely, so to speak, to full brilliance. It is noteworthy that many Russian emblems were APPROVED AGAIN around 1781, often in a significantly altered form. For example, the original Ottoman-Ataman crescent has disappeared from the coat of arms of Kostroma.
Figure: 39. Image of the coat of arms of the city of Yaroslavl on the Russian State Seal of the 17th century. Bear with a protazan, that is, with the OTTOMAN CRESCENT on the shaft. This seal is known to us today from Korb's diary.
Figure: 40. Image of the Belozersky coat of arms on the Russian State Seal of the 17th century. OTTOMAN CRESCENT WITH A CROSS-STAR. From Korb's diary.
But then an interesting question arises. What was the OLD COAT OF ARMS OF YAROSLAVL, that is, Veliky Novgorod, according to our reconstruction? Today, the Yaroslavl coat of arms depicts a bear holding a SEKIRA on its shoulder. 10. The OLDER drawing of the Yaroslavl coat of arms is known to us from the "Big State Book", compiled in 1672. "The Yaroslavl coat of arms … depicts a bear standing on its hind legs, holding a PROTAZAN on its right shoulder" [409], p. 9. In 1692, a Yaroslavl seal was created based on this drawing with the signature "Seal of the Tsarist Principality of Yaroslavl". Historians believe that the coat of arms of Yaroslavl appeared in this form only in the 17th century. But at the same time, they themselves admit that it is based on old folk legends relating to the FOUNDATION of the TOWN OF YAROSLAVL [409]. Now we will understand why historians do not want so much that a bear with PROTAZAN was on the coat of arms of Yaroslavl BEFORE the 17th century.
Let us ask ourselves a question: what is PROTAZAN? We look at the old image of the Yaroslavl coat of arms from the Great State Seal of the 17th century based on a drawing from Korb's diary [162], p. XI. See fig. 13. A bear is depicted holding a CRESCENT ON A TREE, fig. 39. It is known that the staff of the protazan often had various decorations, “it was wrapped in velvet, silk or painted” [85], v. 35, p. 111. Thus, it turns out that the protazan is a KAZAK BUNCHUK with an OTMAN-ATAMAN CRESCENT at the end. Today it is considered a purely Turkish symbol. However, protazans were depicted, for example, on the coat of arms of the Egg Cossacks, see "Great Troubles", ch. 4, fig. 10. Consequently, the protazan was a symbol not only of Ottomania-Atamania, but also of Russia-Horde. Moreover, it turns out that BUNCHUK WITH A CRESCENT, THAT IS PROTASAN,WAS A SYMBOL OF POWER IN THE WHOLE WESTERN EUROPE UP TO THE XVII CENTURY. Namely, “PROTAZAN was a weapon of … BODYGUARDS UNDER FEODALS IN THE 17TH CENTURY. In Russia, the protazan in the 17th century was in service with bodyguards, in the 18th century - the headquarters and chief officers, as an honorary weapon; had no military value”[85], v. 35, p. 111.
All this is well explained by our reconstruction. The Ottoman-Ataman Cossack bunchuks with crescents were indeed a symbol of the ROYAL POWER in the Great Medieval Empire. Including in particular Western Europe. Therefore, on the coat of arms of Yaroslavl, the capital of the Empire, the BEAR HAS BEEN PUTTED IT IS PROTASAN, THAT IS A KAZATSK BUNCHUK WITH A CRESCENT. The crescent moon on the Yaroslavl coat of arms was slyly converted into a battle ax under the Romanovs. Moreover - only at the end of the 18th century, during the second wave of renaming.
By the way, on the same Great Russian State Seal from Korb's diary, the Ottoman-Ataman crescent is very clearly depicted on the Belozersk coat of arms, fig. 40. Obviously, this refers to Beloozero, well known from Russian chronicles, north of Yaroslavl. Thus, we see a clear accumulation of Ottoman (that is, the ROS-Man, Russian) crescents on the coats of arms of cities around Yaroslavl: Yaroslavl itself, Kostroma, Beloozero.
G. V. Nosovsky, A. T. Fomenko. From the book "Tatar-Mongol yoke: who conquered whom"