The Bolsheallak archaeological complex is located on the territory of the Kaslinsky district of the Chelyabinsk region, 8 km east of the city of Kasli, 2.5 kilometers west of the village of Krasny Partizan, on the southeastern shore of Lake Bolshiye Allaki. It is represented by four archaeological sites that were discovered in the period from 1914 to 1972: Bolsheallakskaya scribble, the sanctuary "Big Allaki", the settlement of Big Allaki 1, the site of Big Allaki 2.
The monuments of the complex are located on a natural hill formed by a ruinized granite rock. The height of the hill above the lake level is 16 m. On the western slope of the hill, there are remnants of granite rocks located in a ring with a diameter of 50 m. The height of the remnants above the ground is 6–8 m. The remains of the rocks have received the popular name “Stone Tents”, which is widespread for such objects.
Ancient drawings on the "Stone Tents" were known to the local population at the end of the 19th century. In 1914, the drawings were examined by V. Ya. Tolmachev, then for several years the Bolsheallakskaya scribble and the surrounding monuments were studied by V. T. Petrin.
Bolsheallakskaya 1 scribble consists of 68 drawings, located in three groups: The first and second groups of drawings - on the extreme northwestern cliff, the third - on the southwestern cliff. All images of the scribble are painted with burgundy and light red ocher and applied to the rock with lines 1-2 cm thick.
A feature of the Bolsheallakskaya scribble is a large number of anthropomorphic images. The central place in the first most numerous group (45 images) is taken by drawings of six people, arranged in a row and drawn in the same manner: an elongated body with arms and legs outstretched to the sides, two long "ears" or "horns" on the head. V. T. Petrin conventionally calls them "eared people".
Five "eared people" are drawn in a group in one row, the same figure is shown running to the side and slightly higher. These are the largest drawings of the scribble, their length is 36-38 cm. Other drawings are explained as images of animals (goose, cancer), hunting and fishing "blanks", solar signs.
Under the drawings of the first group, the researchers of the complex discovered and partially studied the cultural layer that preserved material evidence of ritual archery at the rock, most likely in the drawings. The excavation area is 20 sq. meters, 988 finds were found, including 87 stone and 24 bronze arrowheads. Most of the stone points are broken, the points of the bronze ones are bent from hitting the rock.
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The Big Allaki 2 site is located on the top of a hill, occupying the space inside the ring of rocks. In 1976 V. T. Petrin excavated the southeastern section of the site. The thickness of the cultural strata reaches 2.2 m. In the lowest layer, objects made of crystal and bones of fossil animals, dated by the author 12-11 thousand years BC, were found. The upper layers are attributed to the Neolithic, Bronze and Early Iron Ages.
The settlement Bolshiye Allaki 1 occupies the southern foot of the hill. The ruins of the village lie along the northern shore of Lake Rependy for 200 m, the thickness of the cultural layer ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 meters. The settlement dates back to the Neolithic, late and final periods of the Bronze Age. Most of the finds are pottery from the Cherkaskul and Mezhov archaeological cultures.
Bolsheallaksky 1 archaeological complex is the only ancient monument on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region, on which the cult of ritual archery is recorded, which has existed continuously for three millennia.