The universe we live in may not be the first. A group of leading physicists have found signs that other universes with their own black holes may have existed before it.
According to the study, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) - the same thing that causes white noise on TV screens - is indicative of the remnants of these black holes.
According to a theory called conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC), universes progressively evolve, expand, and die. Black holes in each of them leave their mark on the next universe.
According to recently published results, these black holes can be detected from the CMB.
“If the universe continues and continues to exist, and black holes devour everything around, at some point we will only have black holes,” explained Dr. Roger Penrose of the University of Oxford.
It is believed that black holes steadily lose mass over time and emit massive amounts of radiation from massless particles called gravitons and photons. According to the author, if this is true, then black holes should gradually shrink until they reach complete decay, leaving behind a huge number of massless particles.
Following Einstein's special theory of relativity, massless particles do not obey the same laws of physics as objects with mass. This means that they exist in the universe without interaction.
“A universe filled with only gravitons or photons would have neither time nor space,” says mathematician Daniel Ahn of the State University of New York.
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According to the CCC theory, the state of the universe after the collapse of the black hole resembles the extremely compressed and pressurized state of the Big Bang.
According to Dr. Penrose, the CMB determination of the existence of a black hole is not related to the object itself, but only to the radiation that it produced during its life. He believes he has finally found evidence of this phenomenon.
The scientists performed a version of the statistical analysis that looked at different regions of the sky and regularly monitored areas where galaxies and starlight do not obstruct CMB observation. This data was then compared to regions where microwave frequency distributions are expected if Hawking points exist. Then the data were compared with the CMB model data, which were obtained at random.
This was done to eliminate the possibility that some of the Hawking points formed by accident. If the randomly generated CMB data cannot simulate Hawking points, it strongly suggests that the newly identified Hawking points are indeed remnants of extinct black holes.