If an ordinary person, accustomed to living in the modern news paradigm, is seriously told that space does not exist, planet Earth is flat, and the sun is actually much smaller than we used to think, most likely, this citizen will twist his finger at his temple. Especially if the speaker supplements his conclusions with the opinion that NASA is financed by a secret Masonic organization, and no one has ever landed on the Moon.
The claims seem completely delusional, and it is all the more surprising that all of these theories have many supporters around the world. These people are convinced of the correctness of the flat earth theory: for them it is an immutable truth, and not an anti-scientific invention of an ignoramus.
The adherents of the theory set up experiments, publish research papers, citing evidence that humanity does not live on a rotating ball flying in space with a tremendous speed (30 km / s). According to these people, the earth is a flat disc covered with a transparent dome.
Despite the seeming madness of this theory, it continues to excite the minds. Flat-earth theorists can immediately ask the following questions: why does water from the oceans not overflow from the "disk" where the Sun hides at night, where tens of thousands of photographs of a spherical planet come from? We have dedicated this article to the answers to these and other questions.
History of the flat earth theory
School education provides a clear guideline: the flat Earth is a fairy tale invented by our ancestors who did not have the opportunity to carry out serious scientific work. Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese agreed that the Earth is flat. The Sumerians and Scandinavians "agreed" with them in absentia. In mythological cosmogenesis, the ancient Vedas and in the Bible, our planet is unambiguously called flat. The same can be said for Buddhist and Hindu practices.
If we talk about an earlier time in relation to us, then there were enough flat earth theorists in the Middle Ages. A categorical breakdown came during the Renaissance, and in our time, everyone knows that our planet is round. The scientific research of our ancient ancestors has been ostracized and thrown to the sidelines of history.
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But this does not mean at all that everyone agrees with the ideological dictate of modern science. There were people who did not believe the textbooks and in all seriousness began to study ancient treatises.
In the 19th century. in England, the British scientist and inventor S. Rowbotham organized the Flat Earth Society. Rowbotham conducted hundreds of scientific studies, which proved, in his opinion, that the Earth is flat.
Hiding under the fictitious name "Parallax", Rowbotham published a pamphlet "Zetetic Astronomy", which contained descriptions of his experiments and presented evidence of the impossibility of the existence of a spherical earth. Samuel argued that the planet is flat and the ocean is perfectly flat.
The brochure went through many reprints during Rowbotham's lifetime, and each time it got thicker: Parallax added more and more chapters to it. The number of supporters of the flat earth theory also grew rapidly.
Samuel Rowbotham was not without marketing talent, he always took money for lectures. In his theory, the researcher was so confident that he could pounce with fists at those who expressed doubts about his conclusions.
Very soon adherents of the flat earth theory appeared all over the world. There were especially many of them in Europe and the United States. Among the followers of this trend there are also very unexpected personalities, for example, Adolf Hitler.
Surprisingly, the number of flat-earth followers is growing every year. In some countries, this idea even caused a kind of social division. Adepts of the Earth-disk theory categorically reject the arguments of modern scientists and give their own evidence, which they believe is the only true one.
To understand how serious the dispute with the supporters of the flat earth is, it is enough to open the Yandex search engine. At the first request, you will be presented with an abyss of articles, photographs, videos, forums and heated debates dedicated to Rowbotham's theory.
Before we start looking at some of the most popular flat-earth evidence, let's examine their key postulates.
Parallax supporters think of the Earth as a disk with the North Pole at its center. The diameter of the planet coincides with the official scientific data - 40 thousand km. The disk is covered with a dome, behind which the Sun and Moon are visible. Thanks to these heavenly bodies, the planet has day and night. Gravity is something fundamentally different from the phenomenon that modern science studies.
According to Rowbotham and his followers, the South Pole does not exist in principle. There is no Antarctica either. The entire circumference of the earth's disk is surrounded by a wall of ice.
Photographs from space are declared clever photoshop, fake. In general, astronautics is sheer deception and scam. Rockets, devices for transporting and lifting ships - skillfully executed props. Space travel and videos from the ISS are filmed on Earth by professional filmmakers.
Rowbotham's supporters declared the sphericity of the planet to be a lie spread by conspiratorial Masons. Scientists, NASA specialists and astronauts know the truth, but they receive money from the Freemasons and therefore are silent.
What is the Solar System?
The idea of the flat Earth adepts about the structure of the solar system is also interesting. At school, they teach that several planets revolve around the star, the Earth occupies the third orbit from the Sun, located between Venus and Mars. Is it possible for such a system to exist? Rowbotham's followers answer unequivocally: no.
In their opinion, the model with a stationary Sun is impossible, if only because there is constant motion in the Universe. If the generally accepted version of the solar system were correct, the star would fly through space at an incredible speed, dragging the planets along with it. Oval orbits of the planets in this case would be impossible, only spiral.
Another interesting argument concerns the forces of repulsion and attraction, thanks to which a balance is achieved in the solar system: the planets do not fly away from the star and do not collide in space. Flat-earth proponents point out that all planets have different masses. If the solar system was as described in textbooks, large planets would be located closer to the sun, and small ones - farther from the sun. After all, an object of smaller mass simply does not have enough repulsive force to "escape" from the sun. According to the calculations of the followers of Rowbotham, in the paradigm accepted by official science, the Earth would be in the sixth orbit. This determines its mass. Such a distance from the Sun would make life on the planet impossible: eternal cold would reign here.
Evidence base
Of course, the most interesting thing about the flat earth theory is the evidence collected by the supporters of Parallax. With a planet diameter of 40 thousand km, the planet makes a revolution in 24 hours. This data allows you to calculate the rotation speed: more than 400 m / s. That is, according to official science, the Earth rotates at a speed of 0.5 km / sec.
Rowbotham's adepts ask themselves the question: how, under such conditions, can planes land precisely on the runway? The earth is round and constantly revolving! According to the calculations of the proponents of the theory, the runway will move due to the rotation of the planet, and the plane will not be able to land.
One more proof: if we agree that the Earth is spherical, the core that flew out of the cannon in the direction from West to East will be in the air 2 times less than it actually is. If you shoot a cannon from East to West, the core will fly twice as much due to the rotation of the Earth in the opposite direction.
However, neither the first nor the second phenomenon is observed, which, according to the followers of Rowbotham, exposes the generally accepted opinion that the Earth is a spherical rotating body.
Proponents of the theory also point out: if you shoot upwards, the flight of the nucleus will continue for a certain time, during which the location of the gun will shift 5-6 kilometers relative to the projectile, but this is not observed.
These simple conclusions evoke a sense of triumph among Rowbotham's supporters. Traditional science answers: do not forget about the atmospheric column, which rotates with the planet and "drags" everything that falls into it. The earth-disk adepts put forward a counter-argument that is striking in its courage: in their opinion, atmospheric pressure simply does not exist.
Terra Convexa's Official Real Earth Shape Film
at the end of the film, experts from mainstream science summarize the experiments and give an authoritative opinion on the tests performed.
Terra Convexa provides answers to many questions.
Criticism of the theory of atmospheric pressure
The inventor of the mercury barometer E. Torricelli suggested that the entire atmosphere of the Earth uniformly and constantly presses on the planet. The Italian proved his idea in experiments with water and mercury. Torricelli refuted Aristotle's postulate that there is no absolute void (vacuum) in the Universe. An Italian scientist created a vacuum in which atmospheric pressure was completely absent.
Torricelli's experiment worked great with mercury and alcohol, but the trick did not work with water: the Italian never managed to create a water barometer. Modern science has proven that barometers on water are possible, but they will be much larger than mercury or alcohol barometers. You can read more about Torricelli's experiments in his own writings. For example, there you can find out where the scientist got a bucket of mercury - a radioactive liquid metal.
Flat Earth adepts could not help but pay attention to the experiments of Torricelli and try to expose them. In their opinion, a false vacuum was formed in the test tubes of the Italian. In fact, the space was filled with mercury vapor. On this basis, Rowbotham's supporters concluded that atmospheric pressure is a myth, like gravity. The vast space above the planet remains motionless. Adepts of the Earth-disk point to freely flying birds, to clouds that "travel" across the sky at the behest of the wind. The helicopter pilot, hovering above the ground, according to the logic of a spherical rotating planet, should see a gradually changing landscape below him. But this is not observed.
Why does a stone, strongly thrown into the air, land in almost the same place, and not many meters from the person who made the throw? The Parallax adepts give an unambiguous answer - this is because the earth is a flat, stationary surface.
Horizon and earth curvature
Rowbotham began to make the first experiments on the curvature of the earth, his modern followers conduct hundreds of similar studies. If our planet is a ball, then, taking into account the curvature of the surface, the horizon line should be a solid line beyond which nothing can be seen. However, in practice, mountains, giant sculptures or Egyptian pyramids are perfectly visible on the horizon.
The Needles lighthouse in the British county of Hampshire (height - 54 meters) can be seen from a distance of 60 km, with a curvature of the earth at 282 m. If the Earth is a ball, the lighthouse should be 282 m below the horizon. The situation is similar with oceanic vessels. Gradually moving away from the coast, the ships disappear beyond the horizon. This would seem to confirm that the planet's surface is curving. However, supporters of the flat earth theory armed themselves with high-quality optical instruments - and saw ships that supposedly "disappear" over the horizon …
With the naked eye, a person cannot see a ship that has retired to such a considerable distance, in addition, vision is limited by a scattering perspective. With good optics, the horizon line disappears, and the stronger the optics, the greater the distance you can look around.
Thus, according to flat-earth proponents, there is no horizon line. The images from the International Space Station are fake, since the sky is a dome. When flying in an airplane, a person sees the curvature of the earth - but this is only an illusion. Even the UN coat of arms appears to Rowbotham's followers as a model of the earth-disk.
Round and at the same time flat Earth: video
Watch a video online about a round flat Earth:
Moon Landing: A NASA Hoax
Members of the Flat Earth Society pay special attention to the history of the American landing on the moon. Of course, they are confident and fiercely prove that man has never set foot on the only satellite of our planet. Rowbotham's supporters point to a photograph of the Apollo 11 spacecraft, which is widely believed to have once brought earthlings to the moon.
At high magnification, the lunar shuttle can be seen to be made from materials sold at the hardware store: plastic and cardboard shields, foil and polyethylene. Of course, it is impossible to fly anywhere on an apparatus built of such materials.
Supporters of the flat-earth theory have carefully studied the photographs of astronauts, finding rings with Masonic signs on their hands. For the adherents of Parallax, Freemasons are the main world conspirators who have penetrated into all international structures and governments of all states of the world.
Where do Mars images come from?
The situation is similar with photographs of Mars. For the followers of the theory, the photographs of the Red Planet are a skillful fake, Photoshop. The photographers hired by the conspirators take pictures of the deserts and mountainous terrain on Earth, then, after processing the pictures, they pass them off as photos from Mars.
Photos of the lifeless Martian desert covered with stones have spread all over the world. If we do the reverse “filtering” of these images in Photoshop, we get an ordinary terrestrial landscape with a blue sky. There are many such places on Earth.
Strange air travel
Many aircraft routes seem highly counterintuitive. For example, the Sydney-Santiago flight, it would seem, is much more convenient to make through New Zealand. This will be a straightforward and easy route with one refuel.
In reality, a plane from Australia to Latin America flies through Mexico and the United States. If the Earth is considered spherical, it looks extremely strange: the plane makes a big detour, consuming fuel and increasing the distance. If the same route is drawn on a flat earth map, it becomes clear that the air carrier has chosen the most reliable and direct route.
Rowbotham's adepts suggest checking in this way any aviation route that seems illogical and strange. When transferred to flat ground, the trajectory begins to look quite adequate.
Video: How do planes fly over rotating earth?
Why do all planes fly according to flat earth maps, and not a spherical one?
The picture of the universe
To better understand the logic of the supporters of the flat earth theory, it is necessary to know what they think about the universe - the moon, the sun, the stars. In general, they adhere to the same statements that Rowbotham used two centuries ago. The only thing is that they constantly have to "fight off" new scientific discoveries.
For example, lunar photographs have been claimed to have been taken on Earth. Followers of the theory regularly conduct research expeditions, the main purpose of which is to search for territories where "false" images from space were taken.
In the summer of 2015, the Society published photographs from the Icelandic expedition, which depicted landscapes like two drops of water similar to photographs presented by the Americans as lunar. Earlier, journalists suggested that the astronauts of the first Apollo expedition put their hands on the Bible and say: "I swear that I was on the moon." All the astronauts refused. Video footage of the flat-earth experiment can be found on the global web. One astronaut began to swear rudely at the journalist, another tried to laugh it off, and the third simply sent a TV man.
The Flat Earth Society analyzed all the data of alternative researchers, superimposed them on its own theory and came to the stunning conclusion: it turned out that the Moon is not a satellite of our planet at all. The moon does not exist at all.
But what then do we see in the sky? According to the followers of Parallax, this is a constantly updated hologram. They control the hologram from the Earth.
But what do Rowbotham's followers think of the stars? People began to study astrology many centuries ago, this science is one of the first in the world. People discovered the same Big Dipper several millennia ago.
How can it be, the flat-earth adepts ask, that during this time the constellations have not undergone any changes? After all, all celestial bodies, including stars and galaxies, move in the Universe with tremendous speed. The Earth rotates on its own axis, flies around the Sun in its orbit, but people in different countries of the world always see the same "set" of stars above them? Why is that? Why are the stars above the Earth rotating and rushing in space frozen like soldiers on guard? Society members consider this situation absurd.
In this regard, supporters of the "flat theory" declared the stars to be holograms. They don't exist either.
The sun
If the Moon and the stars are holograms, then what about the Sun? Does the universal luminary really not exist? But what then warms the planet, brings life to all its inhabitants?
Flat-earth proponents claim that there are actually seventeen suns. All of them hang over different regions of the planet, shine and heat with different intensities. The Society's brochures list the features of different suns: California, Russian, Chinese, etc.
Any scientist would call these statements sheer delusion. However, the explanations of the adepts of Rowbotham are by no means devoid of certain logic. The color of the Sun we observe changes from pale yellow to bright red and burgundy depending on natural conditions or time of day. According to the prevailing scientific concepts, the sky is seen by a person as blue or blue because the sun's rays, overcoming the atmosphere of the planet, are broken into the corresponding spectra.
But why, then, do we see a yellow sun? If we observe a luminary through the prism of the atmosphere, then it should be blue. Followers of the flat earth theory give an unambiguous answer: the fact is that the sun is not located above the atmosphere, but below it.
As a result, the Society paints the following picture of the universe: the Earth-disk is covered with a dome, under which are artificially made holograms - the moon, stars and the sun. Those wishing to learn more about the views of the Parallax adepts can find a lot of videos and articles on the Internet.
The closer to the light source, the warmer
The nature of delusion is based on the inability of people to provide answers to the simplest questions. At the same time, we like to give a lot of pseudoscientific evidence of the most insane theories.
For example, try answering the following question: It is obvious to everyone that the closer an object is to a source of light and heat, the hotter it is. Try touching a light bulb or getting close to a fire - is it getting hotter? Sure!
But why then, going up in a balloon, we find ourselves in a zone of severe cold. And the higher we go, the lower the temperature becomes.
Most, when answering this question, will start talking about layers of the atmosphere with different temperature characteristics. All of this evidence comes from books and has not been tested in practice.
Let's dwell on the obvious - the closer a person is to a heat source, the warmer he is. This should be true for the Sun too. The closer to the luminary, the higher the temperature. However, in practice, this is not observed. Followers of the flat earth theory conclude that the sun is not a source of heat, since in space in this case it would be much hotter than on our planet.
Counter-arguments of official science
Straight horizon
It only seems to people that they see a straight line of the horizon. Already from the plane or from the roof of a skyscraper, you can see the curvature of the earth's surface.
Fake photos from space. NASA conspiracy
In the flat-earth paradigm, NASA is almost a criminal organization. One gets the feeling that the American space agency is headed by Professor Moriarty, and all of its employees are conspiratorial Masons who hide the truth from people out of a desire for personal enrichment.
However, NASA is not alone in the world. Russia has its own space agency, Roskosmos, which broadcasts from the ISS and launches manned spacecraft into space. Russian cosmonauts, like their American counterparts, confirm that the Earth is a ball. Is it possible that Roscosmos is ruled by Masons?
No gravity
Another popular statement of the Flat Earth Society is that there is no gravity and the planet is constantly moving upward. If this statement is true and the Earth attracts nothing, then how can birds and planes fly?
The sun is 5 thousand kilometers from the Earth's surface, its diameter is 51 km
Why, in this case, the seasons on the planet change, the day is followed by the night, there are climatic zones. If the Sun were located in the way described by the followers of Parallax, the entire surface of the Earth would have the same temperature.
How do planes land on a round and revolving Earth?
Airplanes "rotate" in the atmospheric column together with the Earth.
Atmospheric pressure is a myth
Anyone who has said this should visit the mountains and experience the effect of atmospheric pressure on his own experience.
Flat Earth Theory Books
The concept of the Earth-disk is very stable and has been very popular for two centuries. Various authors and researchers drew attention to this theory, presented evidence of the correctness of the teachings of Parallax in their books.
One of the most popular books of this kind is The Ancient Cosmology by W. Warren. This great work tells about the cosmogonic ideas of the Egyptians, Sumerians, Babylonians, ancient Chinese, Buddhists. Readers will find out how our ancestors imagined the universe. The book contains more and more interesting illustrations.
"The Earth is not a ball: 100 proofs" by M. Carpenter. The book contains the most convincing, from the point of view of the author, evidence of the correctness of the theory of a flat earth.
"The Earth is not a ball" S. Rowbotham. Book of the founder of the Society of Supporters of the Earth-Disk. Rowbotham has done a great job of confirming his theses.
