The discovery of Vedic literature has brought a new impetus to the study of myths and legends. The Vedas themselves, which are undoubtedly the oldest works of the Aryan race, are still not fully understood.
If we try to trace the history of any nation to its past, we will gradually reach a period of myths and traditions that will be hidden by a veil of impenetrable darkness. Sometimes, as, for example, in matters concerning Greece, the historical time can be traced back to 1000 BC, and as for Egypt, the data relating to its antiquity, recently revealed in the materials of burials and in monuments, deepen its history. up to 5000 BC But in any case, the lower limit of the historical period is defined as 5000-6000 years BC, which was preceded by the period of the formation of myths and traditions, and they are the only material that can be studied. Until the middle of the 19th century, attempts were made to imagine the life of prehistoric man, systematizing these myths,rationally explaining them and looking for reflections of different moments in the history of prehistoric man in them. But about this Max Müller noted that "every open-minded scientist felt that none of these systems and interpretations was in any way satisfactory." And he added: "The first impetus for a new approach to mythological problems came from the study of comparative philology."
A true revolution took place in views on the ancient history of the world, when they learned the ancient language of India and its sacred books - the professor compared this discovery with the discovery of a new world - and when they discovered the closest connection between Sanskrit and the Zenda language, as well as the proximity of Sanskrit to the languages of the main races Europe. It was revealed that the languages of the main nations of Europe, both ancient and modern, were similar to the speech of the Brahmins of India, as well as the followers of Zoroaster. From this similarity of the Indo-Germanic languages, the conclusion inevitably followed that all these languages should be derivatives of dialects of a single primitive dialect, which led to the idea of the existence of a single initial Aryan people. So the study of Vedic literature and classical Sanskrit gradually led to a revolution in the views of Western scientists regarding the history and culture of man in ancient times.
Dr. O. Schrader in his work "Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples" provides an exhaustive summary of the conclusions reached by using the data of comparative philology concerning the primitive culture of the Aryan tribes (those who are further interested in information on this issue should refer to this interesting book). It is enough for us here to say that at first the specialists in comparative mythology and philology were monopolists in this field of knowledge, but the research carried out in the second half of the 19th century provided us with new materials for the study of not only prehistoric man, but also life in such distant centuries., in comparison with which the prehistoric period looks very recent.
Mythologists attributed their research to the time when it was believed that a person lived in the postglacial period, and the natural and geographical environment of his life did not differ from the modern one. And therefore, all the ancient myths were explained in relation to the view that they arose and developed in countries whose climate and nature were similar to those that surround us now, and even almost did not differ from them. Therefore, each Vedic myth or legend has been interpreted in terms of "theories of thunderstorms (storms) or dawns", although sometimes it was felt that these explanations were not satisfactory. Indra was considered the god of thunderstorms, and Vritra was considered the demon of drought or darkness associated with the daily sunset. These views were first advanced by Indian etymologists, and although this view has been partially corrected by Western Vedic scholars,it still hasn't changed much. It was again argued that the ancestral home of the Aryan race should be sought somewhere in Central Asia and that the Vedic hymns were supposedly created only after the separation of the Indo-Aryans from the main trunk, and therefore correlated only with the ideas characteristic of this branch of the Aryans, who lived in the temperate zone. This theory was shocked by scientific research carried out in the second half of the 19th century. Thanks to hundreds of stone and bronze items found during excavations in various regions of Europe, archaeologists have established the chronological sequence of the Iron, Bronze and Stone Ages right up to the historical period.that the ancestral home of the Aryan race should be sought somewhere in Central Asia and that the Vedic hymns were supposedly created only after the separation of the Indo-Aryans from the main trunk, and therefore correlated only with the ideas peculiar to this branch of the Aryans, who lived in the temperate zone. This theory was shocked by scientific research carried out in the second half of the 19th century. Thanks to hundreds of stone and bronze items found during excavations in various regions of Europe, archaeologists have established the chronological sequence of the Iron, Bronze and Stone Ages right up to the historical period.that the ancestral home of the Aryan race should be sought somewhere in Central Asia and that the Vedic hymns were supposedly created only after the separation of the Indo-Aryans from the main trunk, and therefore correlated only with the ideas peculiar to this branch of the Aryans, who lived in the temperate zone. This theory was shocked by scientific research carried out in the second half of the 19th century. Thanks to hundreds of stone and bronze items found during excavations in various regions of Europe, archaeologists have established the chronological sequence of the Iron, Bronze and Stone Ages right up to the historical period. Thanks to hundreds of stone and bronze items found during excavations in various regions of Europe, archaeologists have established the chronological sequence of the Iron, Bronze and Stone Ages right up to the historical period. Thanks to hundreds of stone and bronze items found during excavations in various regions of Europe, archaeologists have established the chronological sequence of the Iron, Bronze and Stone Ages right up to the historical period.
But the most important event of the last century was the discovery of data directly related to our topic here, proving the existence of an ice age at the end of the Quaternary era and the highest antiquity of the presence of man on Earth. It was proved that he lived not only in the Quaternary, but also in the Tertiary, when the climatic conditions on Earth were sharply different from both modern and postglacial. The remains of animals and people, discovered in the Neolithic and Paleolithic layers, revealed in a new light the life of the ancient races in the areas of excavations, and it became clear that the "time telescope" established by mythologists should be deployed to wider horizons, and the results achieved during studying myths and legends must be verified in light of the facts of new scientific discoveries.
Philologists now had to be clearer in their formulations, and some of them soon realized the power of the arguments of new scientific discoveries. Thus, the German scientists Poshe and Penka challenged the theory of the Asian origin of the Aryan race, and it became clear that we must abandon this theory and start looking for the ancestral home of the Aryans somewhere in the far north. K. Taylor in his book "The Origin of the Aryans" summarized the results of the recent years, carried out in this direction. He said, “It was mostly destructive work,” and ended the book with the words: “The former tyranny of the Sanskrit scholars, fortunately, is a thing of the past, and it became clear that hasty philological deductions require systematic corrections and verification in accordance with the conclusions of prehistoric archeology, craniology, anthropology, geology and other related sciences”. If this remark were not cited as the final words of the text, it could lead to objections as an unnecessary protest against the writings of comparative mythologists and philologists.
In every field of human knowledge, obsolete conclusions must always be tested in the light of new discoveries, but this cannot serve as a reason for denigrating those who had the fate of working earlier in the same field, relying on an insufficient amount of modest materials.
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In the process of revising the conclusions of philologists and mythologists in the light of new scientific discoveries, one should not forget about carrying out no less important work. It was said above that the discovery of Vedic literature brought a new impetus to the study of myths and legends. The Vedas themselves, which are undoubtedly the oldest works of the Aryan race, are still not fully understood. Already during the creation of Brahman, several centuries before the birth of Christ, they became incomprehensible, and if we did not have the works of Indian etymologists and grammarians, they would have remained sealed books to this day. Western scholars have certainly developed to a certain extent these local methods of interpretation, relying on the facts revealed by philology and mythology.
But neither etymology nor philological analysis will help us understand a number of legends in these ancient books - things that are completely alien and unfamiliar to us. And this is one of the main difficulties in the interpretation of the Vedas. Theories of thunderstorms and dawn can help in understanding some of the legends. But there are many passages in the texts that, although they look simple, cannot be explained at all with the help of these theories, as with the use of Indian interpretations (for example, in the commentary of Sayana). Such authors are either content with simple paraphrasing of words, or they adjust the meaning to their understanding, distorting words and phrases. Some Western scholars consider the obscure texts to be incorrect. However, in any case, it is undoubted that some parts of the text are still incomprehensible, and therefore untranslatable. Professor Max Müller clearly saw these difficulties and in his preface to the translation of the Vedic hymns (in the series "Sacred Books of the East") noted that "the translation of the Rig Veda is a task for the next century", and the only duty of modern scientists is "to reduce incomprehensible passages to everything. fewer, as has been done by Yaska and other Indian commentators."
And if the scientific discoveries of the last century threw a new light on the history and culture of man in ancient times, we can expect that we will find in them a new key to the interpretation of Vedic myths and passages, which, as it should be admitted, preserved for us the most ancient beliefs of the Aryan race. If a person existed already before the beginning of the Ice Age, then he witnessed the gigantic changes brought about by this period, and therefore, naturally, one can expect that the indications (no matter how hidden and remote they may be) to all the events that took place can be found in the most ancient traditions, beliefs and memories of people.
Dr. Warren, in his interesting and highly informative work "The Found Paradise, or the Cradle of Humanity at the North Pole," tried to explain ancient myths and legends in the light of modern scientific discoveries and came to the conclusion that the original land of the entire human race should be sought in an area near North Pole. My task is not so extensive. I want to delve only into the Vedic literature and show that if we read some passages of the Vedas that were previously considered incomprehensible, looking at them in the light of new scientific discoveries, we will be forced to admit that the homeland of the ancestors of the Vedic people lay near the North Pole and was this is before the last ice age. This is not an easy task, given the fact that the Vedic passages to which I refer were either ignored by European or Indian scholars,or misunderstood and explained. And I hope to show that these explanations, although conventionally accepted, are not satisfactory and that new discoveries in archeology and geology provide us with a better clue to the interpretation of these passages. And even if some conclusions of mythologists and philologists are crossed out by these discoveries, new views are very important - they not only indicated the best way to understand the most ancient Aryan legends, but their results will illuminate the original history of the Aryan race in a new way and supplement or modify those conclusions, to to which archaeologists and geologists came. And even if some conclusions of mythologists and philologists are crossed out by these discoveries, new views are very important - they not only indicated the best way to understand the most ancient Aryan legends, but their results will illuminate the original history of the Aryan race in a new way and supplement or modify those conclusions, to to which archaeologists and geologists came. And even if some conclusions of mythologists and philologists are crossed out by these discoveries, new views are very important - they not only indicated the best way to understand the most ancient Aryan legends, but their results will illuminate the original history of the Aryan race in a new way and supplement or modify those conclusions, to to which archaeologists and geologists came.
But before we begin to discuss the Vedic texts pointing to the polar ancestral home, it is necessary to briefly consider the discoveries in archeology, geology and paleontology. My summary will of necessity be short, since I intend to mention only those facts that will confirm the possibility of the correctness of my theory from the point of view of these sciences. For this purpose I have selected works from such renowned experts as Lyell, Geike, Evans, Lubbock, Kroll, Taylor, and others. I also used the excellent popular summary of recent research results from Samuel Laying's The Descent of Man and other works. The assertion that man arose in the postglacial period and that the polar region was never suitable for habitation is still widespread, so for those who still hold such views,the theory of the polar homeland of the Aryans is unacceptable in advance. Therefore, it is best to start with a quick overview of the latest scientific statements regarding this issue.
The early human races left simple evidence of their presence on Earth. But as pointers to a certain historical period, they are not anything like pyramids, inscriptions or documents. They are much more modest and consist of hundreds and thousands of rough or polished products made of stone or metal, recently discovered during excavations at the sites of ancient sites, fortifications, burial places (burial mounds), sanctuaries, lake dwellings, etc. These antiquities are found throughout Europe, and in the hands of archaeologists they are capable of suggesting conclusions no less valuable than the hieroglyphs in the hands of Egyptologists. These products made of stone and metal were encountered earlier, but did not attract the attention of researchers until relatively recently, and peasants in Asia and Europe, finding them in their fields, usually took them for "arrows of thunder" that fell from the sky.
But now archaeologists who have carefully studied these objects have come to the conclusion that these are tools made by man, and have classified them according to the material of manufacture - stone (including products made of bone, horn and wood), bronze and iron. They came to the conclusion that this corresponds to different stages of the development of civilization and the progress of prehistoric man. So, tools made of stone, wood, or bone - chisels, scrapers, arrowheads, cutters, knives, etc. - were used in those days when the metal was not yet known, and then they were gradually replaced by bronze, later by iron, that is, ancient man discovered the way to use these metals. However, one should not think that a clear and solid line of separation can be drawn between these three periods of early civilization. Here is only a very rough classification,and the transition from one stage to another proceeded extremely gradually and slowly. Stone products, for example, continued to be used for a long time into the centuries of the use of bronze, and the same thing happened when man began to use iron. The age of bronze, which is composed of copper and tin in certain proportions, came after a preliminary long use of copper, but there is still no evidence of the existence of the "age of tin."
It is considered possible that the ability to make bronze did not originate in Europe, but penetrated there either during exchange operations, or was brought by the Indo-European race that came from outside. In this regard, it should be noted that the Stone or Bronze Age did not proceed synchronously in different countries. So, in Egypt we find a developed civilization around 6000 BC, and the inhabitants of Europe went through the early stage of the Stone Age.
Likewise, the Iron Age began in Greece, but the Bronze Age still lasted in Italy, and the Stone Age in western Europe. This suggests that in some places the progress of civilization proceeded quickly, and in others - slowly, and this depended on local conditions. More precisely, these centuries - stone, bronze and iron - represent three stages of development of civilization, preceding one another.
Historical periods are getting shorter and shorter.
The oldest of these three centuries - the stone - is divided into two periods: the Paleolithic, or ancient stone, and the Neolithic, or new stone. The difference between the two is that Paleolithic tools are found to be rough, shaped by upholstery, and lack the traces of polishing seen on Neolithic tools. It is also characteristic of Paleolithic tools that they are found in places identified as the most ancient, and they are not found together with Neolithic objects. The first of these tools are found next to the remains of large mammals - cave bears, mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses, which completely or largely disappeared from the face of the Earth even before the appearance of Neolithic man. In short, there was some kind of gap or crack between the time of the Paleolithic and Neolithic people,which requires a special approach to classification and study.
It can also be seen that there is a noticeable difference in climatic conditions and the distribution of land and water between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, and the geographic and climatic conditions prevailing at the beginning of the Neolithic remain almost unchanged until the present time.
It is necessary to briefly consider the geological classification in order to understand how the three indicated centuries relate to those geological periods into which the history of the Earth is divided. Geologists consider the history of the Earth, going into such distances that archaeologists do not penetrate. Their classification is based on the study of the entire system of the stratified earth's crust, and not only on the finds found on its surface. This stratification is reduced to the identification of five main classes, which are based on the fossils found in them, which determines the five main periods of the history of our planet. These geological eras, like the three centuries of stone, bronze and iron, cannot be clearly demarcated. But the characteristic fossils allow us to clearly distinguish between these eras.
Each of these eras, or geological ages, is subdivided, in turn, into several periods. Let's give the order of their sequence, starting with the last one:
| Eras | Periods |
| Post-tertiary, or quaternary |
Recent (postglacial) Pleistocene (glacial) |
| Tertiary, or Cenozoic |
Pliocene Miocene Oligocene Eocene |
| Secondary, or Mesozoic |
Cretaceon Jurassic Triassic |
| Primary, or Paleozoic |
Permian Carboniferous Devonian, or Old red sandstone Silurian Cambrian |
| Archean or Eozoic | Basal gneisses |
Thus, the oldest layer of history, or the most ancient era, is known in science as the Archean, or Eozoic. After it, in chronological order, comes the primary, or Paleozoic. Then comes the secondary, or Mesozoic, Tertiary, or Cenozoic, and the last - the Quaternary. The Quaternary era, which we are talking about here, is subdivided into the Pleistocene, or glacial, and modern, or postglacial periods. The completion of the first of them and the onset of the second were marked by the last glaciation, or ice age. At this time, much of Northern Europe and North America was covered with a cap of ice several thousand feet thick.
The Bronze, Iron and Neolithic ages are in the recent or postglacial period, while the Paleolithic is attributed to the Pleistocene or ice age. But at the same time, part of the residual materials of the Paleolithic are found in the postglacial, which indicates the presence of humans for some time and in the centuries of the glacial. Moreover, the latest research and discoveries have shown that the existence of Paleolithic man can be made even more ancient and established that he lived in the Tertiary era. Regardless of this last statement, we see that there is irrefutable evidence of the fact of widespread human distribution in the Quaternary era and even before the onset of the last glaciation.
Various opinions were expressed on the dating of the beginning of the Neolithic, but the earliest date did not exceed 5000 BC, that is, the time of the prosperity of the empires of Egypt and Chaldea. This date was based on the analysis of silt found in some small lakes in Switzerland, as Neolithic lake dwellers built their pile settlements there.
The time of the Early Neolithic in Denmark was established from the peat bogs found there. These peat mosses took the form of a void in the thickness of the drifting ice, where trees fell, turning over time into peat. Three vegetative periods can be identified in this peat: the upper one contains beech, the middle one contains oak, and the lower one contains fir. This difference in composition is associated with slow changes in climatic conditions, and the tools and remains found in these places indicate that the time of the Stone Age corresponds mainly to the growth of fir, partly to oak, oak coincides with bronze, and beech with iron. … It is estimated that such peatlands require at least 16,000 years to emerge, and therefore we must date the beginning of the Neolithic Age in Denmark to at least 10,000 years ago. But these calculations are very approximate, and, generally speaking, we can assumethat the Neolithic began in Europe no later than 5000 BC.
When we descend from the Neolithic to the Paleolithic, the difficulties in calculating its beginning become even more significant. The time of the beginning of the postglacial should be set here. Paleolithic man should have settled parts of Western Europe soon after the ice disappeared, but Professor Geike believes that he lived here and in the inter-glacier. The glacial period was characterized by extensive changes in climate and geographic conditions. Both these changes and theories regarding these changes, and the facts of the glacial, will be briefly described in the next chapter, but here we should discuss the date of the beginning of the postglacial.
There are two known points of view of geologists on this problem. Geologists in Europe believe that the beginning of the post-glacial period was marked by large shifts - ups and downs of the earth's crust. Since these shifts are extremely slow, the beginning of the postglacial should not be attributed to a later time than 50-60 thousand years ago. On the other hand, many American geologists believe that the end of the ice age must have taken place at a much more recent time. They believe that it took different times for the erosion of the valleys to complete and for the accumulation of alluvium deposits after the end of the ice age. Thus, Gilbert argues that the post-glacial deepening of the Niagara channel to the present level of erosion could have been reached in 7000 years.
Other American geologists, drawing on their observations elsewhere, have concluded that no more than 8,000 years have passed since the end of the glacier. These findings are in good agreement with the approximate dating of the Neolithic, based on the level of sedimentary silt in some lakes in Switzerland. But this is at variance with the statements of European geologists. Based on the level of our knowledge, it is difficult to decide which of them is closer to the truth. It is possible that in different places the glacial and postglacial periods began and ended at different times depending on local conditions, just as it happened with the asynchronous appearance of the stone and bronze tools. Professor Geike does not accept the statements of the Americans, believing that they are incompatible with the fact of the great antiquity of the Egyptian civilization, proved by recent research. But if no traces of glaciation have been found in Africa so far, this objection loses its force, while the arguments in support of the American view are undeniable.
There are other reasons to support this view. All evidence of an ice age comes from Northern Europe and North America, but no traces of glaciation have been discovered in North Asia or northern Alaska. However, one should not think that the northern parts of Asia were not marked in antiquity by a mild climate. According to Professor Geike, "all over this vast region, alluvial deposits are filled with the remains of mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, bison and horses … and these remains are usually so intact that when the mammoth skeleton was found it was so fresh that the dogs began to eat its meat." … This and other indisputable facts clearly indicate the presence of a mild climate in Siberia at that time, which, judging by this freshness of the remains, cannot be considered as distant from modern times by several thousand years. Yet again,in North Africa and Syria, we find extensive inclusions of alluvium in arid regions, which are considered to be indications of the rainy seasons modern to the European glacier. If such a synchronicity can be established, it will be necessary to abandon the determination of the time of the beginning of the postglacial in Europe, or, at least, it will have to be shortened.
As for the race of the early inhabitants of Europe, the bones and skulls of people indicate that they were the direct ancestors of the modern population of different European regions. The accepted division of human races into Aryans, Semites, Mongols and others is based on a linguistic principle. It is clear that in the study of ancient races, neither an archaeologist nor a geologist can be guided by this principle, since the evidence they find, that is, the remains, cannot give them information about the language of ancient people. The classification of various races of prehistoric times is based on the measurements of skulls, their size and shape. So, if the width of the skull is ¾, that is, 75% of its length or even less, the type is defined as dolichocephalic, but if this width exceeds 83%, the type is called brachycephalic. Intermediate class is defined as orthocephalic,or as subdolichocephalic or subbrachycephalic, depending on the degree of closeness to one of these basic types.
The study of various human skulls of the Neolithic period, found in Europe, allows us to assert that people of four types lived here, and from them modern Europeans descended. Of these four races, two were tall or short and dolichocephalic, while the other two were similar to them, but brachycephalic.
The languages of their modern descendants, belonging to all four racial types, are defined as Aryan. From this it follows that only one of these four types was characteristic of the carriers of the Aryan speech, representing the representatives of the Aryan race, although disputes about which type should be attributed to the ancient Aryans do not cease.
German authors, such as Poshe and Penka, argue that the true Aryans were the tall dolichocephalic ancestors of modern Germans, while French scholars such as Chave and de Mortilla believe that the ancient Aryans were brachycephalic, and the true Aryan type is represented by the Gauls. Canon Taylor in his work "The Origin of the Aryans" summarizes some of these contradictions, noting that when two races come into contact, it becomes possible for the speech of the more developed one to prevail, and therefore, speech from dolichocephalic neighbors - Lithuanians, and then one can think, like Penka, that they Arianized Hindus, Romans and Greeks in the distant centuries”.
Another method of determining the race to which the ancient Aryans in Europe belonged is the way of comparing the degree of civilization of the undivided massif of the Aryans, according to the definition of linguistic paleontology, with the civilization achieved by the Neolithic races, according to the findings in their excavated dwellings. As for the Paleolithic man, the conditions of his social life were much lower than the conditions characteristic of the undivided massif of the Aryans. Dr. O. Schrader believes that they were clearly non-Indo-European or pre-Indo-European. Paleolithic man used stone tools and bone needles, he also gained skill in sculpture and painting, as follows from the presence of images of various animals scratched on the rocks, but he did not know anything about a potter's wheel or about metal. We see pottery for the first time in pile huts of lakeside dwellers in Switzerland. But it seems that even the most ancient lake inhabitants were not familiar with the use of metal and carts, which the undivided Aryans already knew about. Although sheep were well known in the Bronze Age, these lake dwellers did not know woolen fabrics. But despite these signs, Dr. O. Schrader still believes that their culture was of the same character as that common to all members of the Indo-German family in Europe, and assumes, albeit with a certain degree of caution, that “we have nothing makes it difficult to think that most of the ancient inhabitants of Switzerland were a branch of the European part of the "Aryan race". "Although sheep were well known in the Bronze Age, these lake dwellers did not know woolen fabrics. But despite these signs, Dr. O. Schrader still believes that their culture was of the same character as that common to all members of the Indo-German family in Europe, and assumes, albeit with a certain degree of caution, that “we have nothing makes it difficult to think that most of the ancient inhabitants of Switzerland were a branch of the European part of the "Aryan race". "Although sheep were well known in the Bronze Age, these lake dwellers did not know woolen fabrics. But despite these signs, Dr. O. Schrader still believes that their culture was of the same character as that common to all members of the Indo-German family in Europe, and assumes, albeit with a certain degree of caution, that “we have nothing makes it difficult to think that most of the ancient inhabitants of Switzerland were a branch of the European part of the "Aryan race"."
But, although recent discoveries have shed light on the fact of the presence of prehistoric human races in Europe, and although we can now assume that one of the four early Neolithic races was in Europe the ancient Aryans, it cannot be considered that these discoveries solved the question of their autochthonousness, or they came from some other land and succeeded in the process of aryanization of the European races and in instilling in them their higher culture and civilization. The date, defined as the Neolithic period, represented by the Swiss lake inhabitants, does not exceed 5000 BC, and at this time the Aryans were already on Jaxart in Asia, and it is generally accepted that the ancient Aryans in Europe could not be descendants of the Paleolithic people. Finding them in Europe in the early Neolithic time, we must assume that they came there from some other region of the Earth. An alternative to this position can only be the thought that one of the four Neolithic races of Europe developed a high civilization completely independently of its neighbors (in comparison with them), which looks unlikely. Although we can, due to new scientific discoveries, discard the idea of the successful migration to Europe of the Aryan race from the common Aryan homeland in Asia in ancient times, the main question of this book about the original ancestral home of the Aryans remains unanswered.yet the main question of this book about the original ancestral home of the Aryans remains unanswered.yet the main question of this book about the original ancestral home of the Aryans remains unanswered.
Another significant difficulty is the answer to the question of where and when the originally Aryan language developed. Canon Taylor, comparing the Aryan and Ural-Altaic languages, ventured into the assumption that at the end of the existence of the reindeer, or in the last centuries of the Paleolithic, Finns appeared in Western Europe, whose speech, having remained unchanged, is represented in the agglutinative Basque language, and that significantly later, already at the beginning of herding, when the bull was domesticated, the inflectional (from the Latin flectivus "flexible") Aryan speech was developed by the higher and stronger Finno-Ugric peoples. But this is just a guess, an assumption, and it does not answer the question of how the Indo-Iranians and their civilization existed in Asia during the European Neolithic. In the Finnish language, a number of cultural terms, borrowed from the Aryans, are revealed, and therefore it is not clearhow this Aryan speech could develop under the influence of Finnish, acquiring its inflectional nature from it. The simple similarity of the inflectional structures is not evidence that makes it possible to decide who borrowed the formants from whom, and therefore it is surprising how the above assumption could come from scientists who correctly criticized the theory of the successful migration of the Aryans from the "common Asian ancestral home", the theory that among others it was based on linguistics. Nor is it explained why the Finns migrated from their homeland twice.who correctly criticized the theory of the successful migration of the Aryans from the "common Asian ancestral home", the theory that, among others, was based on linguistics. Nor is it explained why the Finns migrated from their homeland twice.who correctly criticized the theory of the successful migration of the Aryans from the "common Asian ancestral home", the theory that, among others, was based on linguistics. Nor is it explained why the Finns migrated from their homeland twice.
For these reasons, it seems to me more likely that the Finns could have borrowed cultural terms from the Aryans when they came into contact with them, and that the Aryans were not autochthonous either in Europe or in Central Asia - their original region lay somewhere near the North Pole in the Paleolithic era. They migrated from there southward to Asia and Europe not under the influence of an "irresistible impulse", but because unfavorable changes in the climate of this region occurred.
The Avesta retains indications that fully support this view. But this was not given importance by those scientists who developed their theories in the years when it was believed in science that man was born in the postglacial era. They did not see that the traditions of the Avesta are fully supported by the data of the Vedas. But with the help of the "telescope of time", which we have been provided with by the latest scientific discoveries and which has a wider range, it became possible to show that the traditions of the Avesta reflect real historical facts and are fully supported by the evidence of the Vedas.
Many researchers have already begun to consider the North Pole as the place where the life of the plant and animal kingdoms arose. I believe that in the oldest books of the Aryan race, the Vedas and Avesta, there is enough positive evidence to prove that the ancient homeland of the Aryans lay somewhere around the North Pole. I will present this evidence after describing the climatic conditions of the Arctic during the Pleistocene, or glacial period, and astronomy data in the next two chapters.
Continuation: "Chapter II. Ice Age".