Telepathy, clairvoyance, telekinesis are phenomena that are traditionally classified as supernatural. And yet they are considered as such only because their mechanism is not yet amenable to scientific explanation. However, attempts to find these explanations have been made repeatedly.
Back in 1882, the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) was founded in London, the purpose of which was to study the paranormal. In 1885, a branch of the OPI appeared in New York, where it was headed by the famous American psychologist and philosopher William James.
And in 1911, Stanford University began to study extrasensory perception and psychokinesis in the laboratory. The second was Duke University (North Carolina, USA). In contrast to members of the IAR who sought to prove the existence of the paranormal, researchers at Stanford and Duke University developed tests based on statistical analysis of the phenomena of extrasensory perception - for example, the statistics of guessing symbols on the famous Zener cards (cards depicting various symbols used for parapsychological experiments) …
Researchers have paid much attention to the phenomenon of telepathy. In 1958, a serious experiment was carried out in the United States to establish telepathic contact between two ordinary people. The inductor (the one who sends the telepathic messages) - a student named Smith, was in an isolated room in Friendship (Arkansas), and the percipient (receiving signals) - Lieutenant Jones - aboard the Nautilus submarine, 2000 kilometers from Friendship.
Twice a day at a certain time, Smith launched a special machine that shuffled Zener cards. Five randomly selected cards were dropped. The inductor took them, concentrated on the figures depicted on them, and sketched them on a piece of paper. Then a piece of paper with five figures in an envelope was placed in the safe.
At this time, on the Nautilus, Lieutenant Jones also made sketches of figures, but arbitrarily. Jones gave the sheets with his drawings to the captain. The experiment began on July 25 and ended on August 10.
When the submarine arrived ashore, the drawings of Smith and Jones were compared. In more than 70% of cases the images matched …
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Communication at the cellular level
Similar studies were carried out in our country. In the 1930s, work in the field of psi radiation was carried out independently by the laboratory of Leonid Vasiliev in Leningrad and S. Ya. Turlygin in Moscow. In 1942 Turlygin's manuscript "Radiation of Electromagnetic Waves by Man" was published in an abridged form. In it, the researcher wrote that brain waves are electromagnetic rays with a wavelength of about two millimeters. And in 1949, the spouses Semyon and Valentina Kirlian discovered the glow effect around living objects (auras).
In 1965, under the Moscow City Administration of the Scientific and Technical Department of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Communications. Popov opened the Bioinformation Section headed by I. M. Kogan. Research on brain radiation was carried out under the control of special services and in the strictest secrecy. In 1970, a state commission for the examination of the phenomenon of mental suggestion was created, which included the largest Soviet psychologists - A. R. Luria, A. N. Leontiev, FA Gorbov, V. P. Zinchenko.
The results of the commission's work saw the light only three years later: in a modified and abbreviated form they were published by the journal Voprosy psikhologii. Many points were omitted in the article - in particular, information about the work on the creation of technical means that simulate psi radiation and are capable of affecting a person at a distance.
In 1972 V. P. Kaznacheev, SP. Shurin and L. P. Mikhailov officially registered their discovery, which established an electromagnetic connection between living cells. The cells were placed in two chambers separated by quartz windows through which ultraviolet radiation penetrated. After the cells in one chamber were deliberately infected with a virus that began to destroy them, the cells in the next chamber also began to die! This indicated that organisms are able to exchange information with each other at the cellular-wave level.
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Gradually, the volume of parapsychological research all over the world began to decline, largely due to the opposition of the academic community. Some of the effects previously related to the paranormal, such as the Kirlian effect, have been deemed non-existent or explained within the framework of known physical phenomena. In addition, in a series of experiments on extrasensory perception, such an important characteristic as reproducibility was missing, and the source of information (say, in the case of "card reading") remained unknown.
The James Randi Foundation, created in 1996, even established a $ 1 million prize for any applicant who can demonstrate their psychic abilities under laboratory control. However, to this day, this prize has never been awarded to anyone.
Brain magic
Recently, scientists are increasingly talking about the fact that extrasensory abilities are associated with brain activity. The problem of the sixth sense was touched upon in her works by academician, scientific director of the Institute of the Human Brain N. P. Bekhterev. The studies that Bekhtereva was engaged in caused a lot of controversy, because they were truly revolutionary. So, Natalya Petrovna proved in practice that trance states, caused, for example, by meditation, contribute to the search for creative solutions and sometimes lead to ingenious discoveries.
Ankylosing spondylitis also achieved amazing results with patients after severe mental and physical trauma: they restored memory, motor abilities, the ability to communicate their thoughts, read, write, touch …
Natalya Petrovna and her colleagues taught blind people to use alternative vision. One of the test subjects was a girl whose eyes were cut out by bandits at the age of eight … She was taught a lot - for example, to determine the color, "see" the train schedule. Once she accurately described the appearance of her neighbors in the carriage … But then the patient was scared of something and stopped seeing with her “third eye”.
One series of experiments involved a girl named Katya, who possessed both normal and alternative vision. She was seated in front of the computer and, putting on a thick mask over her face, asked to read the words that would appear on the screen. In fact, they showed not only words, but also drawings and other objects. Katya read everything that was shown to her!
Bekhtereva admitted that the mechanism of alternative vision was not completely clear to her. She assumed that some people were able to see with their skin. In addition, the brain can search for the desired information using electrical signals.
Synesthesia - for the elite?
Another specialist in the field of psi-radiation research is a candidate of medical sciences, a leading researcher at the Federal Scientific Clinical Expert Center for Traditional Methods of Diagnostics and Treatment O. I. Koekin. People who want to test their paranormal abilities regularly come to Olga Ivanovna's laboratory. Laboratory staff examine their brains using an encephalograph and sensors connected to it.
The obtained data is entered into a computer, on which a special program is installed that registers wave emissions associated with the rhythms of the brain. The sources of these radiation are recorded in the images as white specks. But if for most people these spots are randomly scattered over the entire surface of the brain, then for those who really have an extrasensory gift, they form clusters and, moreover, line up in one line going towards the crown!
According to Olga Koekina. the ability of individuals to telepathy, clairvoyance or healing can be explained by the fact that in the process of evolution we have developed the visual channel of perception better than others. Therefore, our brain is able to translate skin and muscle and some other sensations into visual images, and the latter into kinetic, or tactile images.
Therefore, some individuals are able, for example, to read information from the consciousness of other people, to feel their aura … In psychology and psychiatry, this phenomenon is called synesthesia (co-perception). However, today only 10% of humanity has the ability to feel. Maybe that's why it seems to us a miracle …
Irina SHLIONSKAYA