The development of the space industry, numerous studies of the Universe lead to more and more fantastic theories, but many of them are confirmed empirically, and some, although they look fantastic, but, with the current development of technology and many modern inventions, seem to be quite probable and may well lead to creating a time machine. But is she needed?
According to Einstein's theory, in a moving coordinate system, time slows down relative to a stationary system, depending on the proximity of the speed of movement of our object to the speed of light.
The paradox of twins, in simple terms, is the opportunity for one of the twins to stay on Earth, and the other to fly into space for a long distance and for a long time, and upon returning to find his brother, who remained on Earth, much more senior than his brother-traveler.
However, if you take a spaceship as a stationary system and send that twin on Earth (together with the Earth, of course) on a journey, then everything will happen exactly the opposite - the earthly brother will return young to an old man sitting in an old spaceship.
Here is an example of the calculation by J. Orir: If one of the twins at the age of 20 goes on a space journey to the star Arcturus on a ship flying at a speed of 0.99 the speed of light, then, having covered twice the distance of 40 light years (to the star and back), he will return to Earth in 11.4 years ship time. On Earth, 80.8 years will pass during this time. So the brother who remains on the planet must try very hard to wait for the return of the interstellar traveler. After all, he will be 108.8 years old by the time the ship returns! The space traveler will be younger than him for a lifetime - 69.4 years!
The answer to the twins' paradox itself is hidden in inertial reporting systems and their interconnections. The twin who came back inevitably had to change his speed. The desynchronization that occurs from acceleration during departure and deceleration during a turn to return back creates that very difference in time. The most interesting moment for the space brother (desynchronization) occurs precisely at the moment the spacecraft turns to return to Earth - at this moment the time for the space brother will go slower, and if the turn is instant, then it will generally stand.
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By the way, modern scientists have already carried out an experiment confirming the temporal theory with the help of ultra-precise atomic clocks, which are so accurate that an error of one second is achieved only after 100 million years. So, the clock was placed on an airplane circling the earth. And others exactly the same clock, with exactly the same time, were left on Earth. And upon the arrival of the plane, an ultra-precise clock showed the difference in time. Of course, the difference is microscopic, the entire speed of the plane is far from light, but this proves the theory and gives hope for the future development of science in this area.
The "everyday" explanation of the "paradox of twins" can be simplified even further by understanding the contraction of objects when moving (Lorentsov's contraction of length). If we remember that when moving at near-light speeds, objects shrink in size in the direction of motion, then … as soon as the rocket, with its brother flying away from the Earth, gains sufficient speed, it shrinks in size for observers from the Earth. At the same time, for a brother-astronaut, as his speed increases, the distance to the final point of flight decreases. Those. as the rocket accelerates, not only does the speed increase, but the distance decreases and the entire Universe contracts in the direction of its motion.
It is also worth noting that the process is irreversible, and if some tragedy occurs during the cosmonaut's journey on Earth, in which the entire population will die out or the Earth will be destroyed in general, then the traveler will simply have nowhere to return, i.e. it will be impossible to turn back time.
Let's also say that Einstein's theory in no way gives the traveler immortality. While traveling, he will also grow old, with his usual speed, and only time on Earth for him will rush at a catastrophic speed.
We also note that in the paradox of twins and in the related theory of relativity, there are many contradictions and unusual moral questions - such as whether a woman who has flown into space can return and marry her great-great-grandson. This theory bypasses all logical pitfalls, such as those that science fiction sin, - for example, the ability to go back in time and kill one of your relatives before you were born or to kill yourself in the future.
Scientists and researchers hope that a ship will be invented, the speed of which will approach the speed of light, which will make it possible to visit distant galaxies. However, even at the speed of light, the distance is so vast that it will take hundreds of thousands of light years to travel. At the same time, taking into account the speed of light, time on Earth will be equal to hundreds of thousands, and on a ship - decades.
It looks like a time machine. If someone wants time on Earth to run forward - for example, by planting a tree - to grow it - you can fly away for a while, return, and the tree is already huge. But at the same time, do not forget that everyone you knew will age significantly, while the traveler himself will be slightly old.
It is also worth mentioning here the time dilation phenomenon. According to one of the theories - the theory of four-dimensional space-time and the block-universe - time is also a dimension. A certain block. Fantastic films of our time, which show the movement between galaxies, are based on the deformation of space and time (i.e., they use a special kind of curvature of space-time for superluminal movement), as well as on the Lorentzian contraction of length. Simply put - if you fly at light speed to the end of our Galaxy, then it will take about 100,000 light years. But by deforming space and creating a kind of tunnel (wormhole) connecting the ends of one space, you can penetrate from one corner of the universe to another in a short time. And, as an example, to see at the end where you flew,how dinosaurs on Earth are dying out - after all, the light from our planet moved at its usual light speed - and here we are, we observe it, how we observe today the light from all the stars, which we see already in the past tense - the star may have disappeared a long time ago, but we all we still see its light.
This moment was perfectly told and described by the famous scientist Neil DeGrasse Tyson
Returning to the time machine - of course, many of us would like to move into the past and correct our mistakes. Many would like to see the future and know what awaits us. Or go back in time and save millions of innocent lives …
But, on the other hand, the use of a time machine will be extremely dangerous, because by killing someone in the past, we will change the future, which will lead to undoubted chaos.
So is it worth inventing a time machine and using it?
