In the second quarter of the 4th century. BC e. the capital of Caria, Halicarnassus, was being built on the southwestern coast of Asia Minor; the main buildings - the temples of the gods, the palace and the tomb of the ruler - formed the basis of the composition of the city. The most significant of these buildings was erected by the architects Pytheas and Satyr, the tomb of the ruler of Caria - the Mausoleum, called the Mausoleum and considered in ancient times one of the seven wonders of the world. The first floor of this two-tiered structure served as a burial vault, it was framed by a blank wall; the second, intended for the cult of the heroized deceased, was surrounded by a colonnade of the Ionian order, above which a stepped pyramid topped with a statue of Mausol and his wife, standing on a chariot drawn by four horses, rose.
The mausoleum was decorated with sculptures performed by the famous sculptors of that time - Skopas, Leohar, Briaxis and Timofey. The architectural forms of the Mausoleum combined two elements: the Hellenic, expressed by the Ionian colonnade, and the eastern, in the form of a stepped pyramid. At the same time, unlike other buildings associated with the needs of the polis, the Mausoleum served to perpetuate the memory of the ruler.
So was the Philippeyon, built at Olympia by Philip the Great to commemorate the victory at Chaeronea (in 338 BC). It was a circular building, framed by a colonnade of the Ionian order. Inside the wall of the Philippeyon were decorated with half-columns of the Corinthian order (close to the Ionian, differing from the latter in the decoration of the capital, decorated with leaves of acanthus, a plant similar to a thistle). In Philippillon, statues of the Macedonian kings were erected, executed by the sculptor Leohar in gold and ivory - an honor that until that time was usually given only to gods.