The question, at first glance, seems stupid. After all, the word has long been assimilated in the Russian language, and means a violator of public order. However, there are several versions of the origin and we will now consider them.
In the 18th or 19th century, it is not precisely established, in the town of Southwark, which is near London, there lived a family of Hooligans, who had an infamous reputation. Trampling on all legal and moral norms, the relatives, led by Patrick Hooligan, traded in the district with robbery, brawled, participated in pogroms. Even Londoners themselves often suffered from family raids from Southwark.
The bad reputation of the Hooligans spread throughout England. Soon the name of the robbers entered the lexicon of Londoners, who began to call the city mischievous people and all those who rebelled against the established order. The word "hooligan" was especially widely used in the southeastern part of the capital of the British Empire.
Comes from the English. hooligan "brawler, troublemaker, bully", from an unknown form.
Other versions:
- on behalf of the Irishman Patrick Houlihan, a rowdy in London's Southwark;
- from the word hooley (in Irish - "noisy alcoholic party");
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- from the name of the street gang Hooley gang in the north London district of Islington (Islington). English. the word has been found since the 1890s, at the beginning of the 20th century it became international.
Finally, the word hooligan stuck in the English language thanks to the popular humorous song of the 90s of the 19th century, the protagonist of which was Patrick the Hooligan. And after a while, one of the newspapers made the unlucky Bully a character in a series of cartoons, anecdotes and parodies.
And from there the word migrated into Russian and into many other languages of the world. By the way, this word has become by no means the only one that has become a household name from a proper name.
It is interesting to note that the French explanatory dictionary Le Grand Robert states that the word Hooligan probably came to French in the mid-1920s from English through Russian, where, according to the dictionary, it meant "a young oppositionist to the Soviet regime."
An article on hooliganism appeared in the Criminal Code even a couple of months earlier than the formation of the USSR in 1922.
Art. 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation gives the following definition of the concept of criminally punishable hooliganism: "Gross violation of public order, expressing obvious disrespect for society, accompanied by the use of violence against citizens or the threat of its use, as well as the destruction or damage of other people's property."
“Petty” hooliganism (Article 158 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation), for which administrative responsibility is established, includes foul language in public places, insulting harassment of citizens, singing songs of obscene content and other similar actions that violate public order and the peace of citizens. Actions that fall under the signs of petty hooliganism are not associated with encroachments on the health and bodily inviolability of citizens, with damage and destruction of property.
Due to the great freedom of various interpretations that the wording of the article allows, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in 2007 issued a resolution that broadly covers the issues of qualifying cases under Art. 213.
In March 2019, the composition of Article 20.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation "Petty hooliganism" was supplemented with fines (up to three hundred thousand rubles) for insulting federal authorities and state symbols, including those made via the international telecommunications network Internet.