Chapter 1. Old maps of St. Petersburg
Chapter 2. Ancient tale in the north of Europe
Chapter 3. Unity and monotony of monumental structures scattered around the world
Chapter 4. Capitol without a column … well, no way, why?
Chapter 5. One project, one architect or cargo cult?
Chapter 6. Bronze Horseman, who are you really?
Chapter 7. Thunder stone or submarine in the steppes of Ukraine?
Chapter 8. Falsification of most of the monuments of St. Petersburg
Promotional video:
Chapter 9. Peter the First - an ambiguous personality in the history of the whole Europe
Chapter 10. For what to say thank you, Tsar Peter?
Chapter 10-1. This "happy" tsarist era or the House of Holstein in Russia
Chapter 10-2. Why was the chain mail and cuirass replaced with stockings and a wig?
Chapter 11. Ladoga Canals - witnesses of a grandiose construction
Chapter 12. What did you really want to say, Alexander Sergeevich?
Chapter 13. Alexander Column - we see only what we see
Chapter 14. Alexander I. The Secret of Life and the Secret of Death
Chapter 15. Masonic symbolism of St. Petersburg
Chapter 16. Antediluvian city, or why the first floors in the earth?
Axonometric plan of St. Petersburg 1765-1773
Here is a brief official history of its creation:
On February 3, 1765, the Commission on the Stone Building presented to Catherine II a report on "drawing up a plan with facades", on which the Empress made a note: "To be therefore." The report says that all conditions have been agreed with P. Saint-Hilaire in the Commission, therefore, from February 3, 1765, he is listed as accepted by the Commission to draw up a "long-term" plan. According to documents, the first trial shooting began soon after the project was approved by Catherine II. In the process of filming, difficulties arose almost immediately, since the owners of the houses made obstacles, not letting the students who were filming into their territories. And the head of work in the memorial, addressed to the members of the Commission, asks to advertise in the newspapers about the beginning of filming and provide the students with documents "so that the students can submit a specially signed order."At the same time, a complex and painstaking process of recruiting is underway. In this, of course, I. I. Betskoy played a significant role, since it was from the educational institutions headed by him that the backbone of P. Saint-Hilaire's team was recruited. Thus, Ivan Sokolov, a graduate of the Academy of Arts, was assigned to the team. At the disposal of the head of the work, 10 students were allocated from the Academy of Arts, "trained in drawing architecture." To wear measuring chains, fathoms and other instruments, 10 schoolchildren from among the "soldiers' children" from the St. Petersburg garrison school were assigned. At the disposal of the head of the work, 10 students were allocated from the Academy of Arts, "trained in drawing architecture." To wear measuring chains, fathoms and other instruments, 10 schoolchildren from among the "soldiers' children" from the St. Petersburg garrison school were assigned. At the disposal of the head of the work, 10 students were allocated from the Academy of Arts, "trained in drawing architecture." To wear measuring chains, fathoms and other instruments, 10 schoolchildren from among the "soldiers' children" from the St. Petersburg garrison school were assigned.
The time of staffing the team can be considered practically the beginning of drawing up the Axonometric plan. Work on the plan can be divided into two periods - under the leadership of P. Saint-Hilaire (1765-1768) and under the leadership of I. Sokolov (1768-1773).
The Commission on the Stone Building in April 1768 presented to the Empress a report on the progress of work on the plan, where she was forced to declare that work was proceeding slowly and that it would take at least three more years to complete the plan. The Commission asked for the allocation of the same appropriations for the work carried out on the survey of the plan by P. Saint-Hilaire's team. The Empress put a resolution on the report: “Be therefore. May 5, 1768 Tsarskoe Selo ". Permission to continue the work was received, but the author of the project P. Saint-Hilaire, having soberly assessed his capabilities and fearing responsibility, on July 19, 1768, submitted a letter of resignation, in which he writes: “Due to my very weak health, I cannot I can". The resignation was accepted.
Plan of the territory of Vasilievsky Island adjacent to the Bolshaya Neva embankment (Lieutenant Schmidt embankment) between the 25th and 19th lines.
On May 26, 1771, at the behest of Catherine II, a contract was again signed with him “about being in the service of Her Majesty in photographing and drawing, according to his knowledge and special art, a promising view of the location of places in the village of Tsarskoye, Peterhof and Oraninbom, palaces and all kinds of buildings, where and as it will be ordered. Shooting of axonometric plans of the empress's country residences continued until the 1780s. P. Saint-Hilaire died in April 1780.
In the report of the Commission, submitted to Catherine II in February 1772, it was said that the Russian masters "by their diligence proved that they can compose long-term plans, which they have not done in Russia before," and in order not to leave the plan unfinished, a two-year term is requested for its ending.
On March 5, 1772, Catherine II gave instructions to finance the work for another two years, but already at the end of 1773 the drawing up of the plan was curtailed, and they did not return to this work.
The fate of the unique monument was very tragic. After the closure of the work, the plan slates were placed in the archive of the Main Engineering Directorate, and they were forgotten for a long time, and, probably, they did not attach much importance to the uniqueness of this document. P. N. did not mention him. Petrov and A. L. Mayer in their works on the history of the development of the Russian capital. However, work with the plan was carried out, as evidenced by later notes on his tablets, made, most likely, in the 19th century, and a part of the "Schubert Plan" of 1828 stored together with the Axonometric Plan. with the borders of the Admiralty side plates marked on it.
In the 1840-1850s. part of the tablet was lithographed, depicting the area between Bolshaya and Malaya Konyushenny streets, the Lutheran church of St. Peter and the Swedish church.
Then oblivion fell again, and only after when in 1934 S. P. Yaremich in his work "Russian Academic School of the 18th century." published two fragments from the plan depicting the building of the Academy of Arts under construction, he was remembered.
When the Axonometric Plan was brought from Moscow to Leningrad in 1947, it was in critical condition. It still remains a mystery what happened to the plan during its storage in the archives …
Axonometric plan of St. Petersburg 1765-1773 (Plan P. de Saint-Hilaire, I. Sokolov, A. Gorikhvostov and others): Appendix / Scientific. Ed. V. S. Sobolev; Per. S. V. Silinsky, I. I. Burova, S. B. Yampolskaya. - SPb.: Kriga, 2003. Pages 51-54.
Here you can learn more about maps and plans.
… and this is 1765-1773 years. Destroyed buildings stand at the water's edge on the floor, submerged in the ground. Who builds like this? The buildings are old, brick, with partially preserved ceilings … And what the official history says: Under Peter I, the quality of bricks was evaluated very strictly. The batch of bricks brought to the construction site was simply dumped from the cart: if more than 3 bricks were broken, then the whole batch was rejected. The quality of the building material was very high, why are the buildings so short-lived? … or are historians cunning? During the construction of St. Petersburg, Peter I introduced the so-called. "Stone tax" - payment with bricks for entering the city. To speed up the construction of St. Petersburg, Peter I issued a decree in which it was forbidden to build stone buildings throughout the country, under the threat of ruin and exile. This was done so that masons from other cities,left without work, we arrived in St. Petersburg. Also, Peter I introduced the "stone tax". Everyone who came to the city had to pay for the entrance with the bricks they brought with them. There is a version that Kamenny Lane is called so because in its place were warehouses with a "stone tax". Do you believe that so many bricks were brought to these buildings? If so, you are gullible.
How long do buildings have to stand to reach this state, 200 … 300 or more years?
I'm not even talking about how many repairs they went through, sinking into the ground one and a half to two meters. Here is another fragment of the plan, the height of the courtyards is 2 meters below the outer zero mark.
Here's a link to the chronicle of the construction of St. Petersburg - it looks more like massive restoration work, not construction. The Russian treasury did not pull on such a construction site.
Let's pay attention to the state of the embankment, it is completely clad in granite, it is not being built, but WORKS, has stood for a long time in a completely finished state.
Bolshaya Neva embankment (Lieutenant Schmidt embankment).
Plan of the territory of Vasilievsky Island in the area of the Bolshaya Neva embankment (Lieutenant Schmidt embankment) between the 13th and 9th lines.
Plan of the territory of the eastern part of Vasilievsky Island along the Bolshaya Neva embankment (Universitetskaya embankment) between the 1st line and the left wing of the Menshikov Palace.
To the south of the Great Perspective is the Bolshaya Neva embankment (Lieutenant Schmidt embankment), 4th - Kadetskaya line.
But what these structures mean is a big mystery to me.
Mausoleum or foundry ???
More material HERE !!!
Or HERE!
A detailed plan of the city was made once in 1828.
Such a creation could only be repeated in our time on the basis of aerial photographs (at the same time, Schubert observed the amazing accuracy of the images of some small booths - sheds, which can be demolished at any time, plots plowed among the fields and other labor-intensive details useless for the city plan).
Made by the method of engraving on copper, it seems to have survived in a single copy (apparently, Schubert gave Nicholas I a single copy, and, despite the enormous work, he accidentally destroyed the copper boards).
It is possible that other uninformative plans of the city were made on the basis of this only plan, once filled with something.
As usual, in such cases of “paper” history, evidence is attached (for posterity) that it is possible to shoot such a plan. This is the so-called detailed plan trigonometric network. On the plan, the king and other insiders could not do without her.
It seems that Schubert already had a plan.
The most interesting feature of this plan is the gift of foresight:
The plan (1828 - Triv) depicts a monument to Emperor Alexander I in the form of a round column with a fence, despite the fact that only at the beginning of December 1829. (almost in 1830 - Triv) "The Sovereign Emperor Deigned to command the monument to Emperor Alexander I to erect in the place, as shown on the designated plan."
VK. Shuisky Auguste Montferrand. History of life and work. - SPb.: OOO MiM-Delta; Moscow: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2005. p. 189
RGIA, form 1311, op. 3, d. 1, l. 2 vol., 3, 6-8., 15.30.34.
"Nikolai Pavlovich 18 February 1829. the project of Karl Rossi (Senate and Synod) was approved."
Ovsyannikov Yu. M. Great architects of St. Petersburg. Trezzini. Rastrelli. Rossi.- SPb.: "Art - SPb" - 2nd ed., Add. - 2001. Page 515.
Nicholas I finally canceled the balustrade around the Issakievsky Cathedral in 1844.
VK. Shuisky Auguste Montferrand. History of life and work. - SPb.: OOO MiM-Delta; Moscow: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2005. p. 129.
And on the plan of 1828. she's gone.
The buildings mentioned above, in my opinion, were also, but the balustrade was no longer there. Again, the conclusion suggests itself - there was a city on the Neva before Peter (with its own maps and plans).
Opponents of my theory will say that in three hundred years everything has changed, houses have settled, the riverbed has drifted with silt, etc., I am ready to argue with them. Look at the depiction of the coastline of the Peter and Paul Fortress on Schubert's detailed plan of 1828.
And here is our time for you …
For 300 years, no changes …
The "Plan of the capital city of St. Petersburg, filmed by students of the Institute of Railways …" under the leadership of Major General AA Betancourt (1819, scale 1: 2520, on 19 sheets) is highly informative.
It is worth drawing your attention to the "Plan of the capital city of St. Petersburg" depicting the most notable avenues thereof, published by the works of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg / Enter. Art. M. A. Alekseeva, comments. F. M. Lurie. - Reprint edition of 1753 - St. Petersburg: Alpharet, 2007.-- 22 p.: 8 p., 21 p. Facsimile reproduced. plan., ill.
The city is only 50 years old …
Large stone buildings do not just stand on the shore, they stand at the water's edge. Knowing about floods, architects are building buildings with semi-basements right on unfortified banks … or are they not? Maybe they are completing what was? In no other city in Europe, at that time, such closeness of stone structures to water was not observed.
And today St. Petersburg archaeologists come across the foundations of colossal structures, and today they continue to attribute them to those who, in their opinion, could build it …
In addition to the above article "Peter's Skyscrapers", there is a video, take a look.
Continued: Chapter 17-1. Flood witnesses. Antiquity in pictures and drawings.
Author: ZigZag
