Are there aliens? If so, where? Why don't they contact us directly? These and other questions of a similar nature excite the human mind for more than a dozen and even more than one hundred years. In fact, when it became approximately clear what was happening in the solar system, and theories appeared about what was happening in the rest of the universe, scientists were amazed: there were no planets inhabited by intelligent beings like our Earth. More precisely, they were not found, although they are strenuously trying to do so. Since it is not clear how aliens can live at all, they are most often equated in humanity.
That is, it is assumed that these creatures also live on a planet like Earth, in, so to speak, a half-oxygen-water world, where it is the liquid that plays the main role. The problem is that even if this is so, it is not possible to simply go in search of such planets - all that people have so far managed to do is to land on the moon in the last century. Even the expedition to Mars is being worked out very carefully and it is not yet known exactly when it will come true - its dates are constantly being pushed back.
Such flights are still too much fun, and the available jet engines severely limit everything. In particular, the movement, as for the distances of outer space, is slow. People will not fly out of the solar system in a year, until Uranus alone will fly for at least 11 years. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to implement, in fact, checking the planets for the presence of intelligent civilizations there. In the solar system on nearby planets, this is done by special automatic ships, sending pictures and taking rocks for samples, if necessary.
So, for example, it was precisely determined that once, millions of years ago, there was life on Mars. Unfortunately, due to massive asteroid attacks, a significant chunk of the planet was beaten off, because it lost most of its atmosphere as a result of decreasing gravity and was unable to retain liquid, except for the glaciers at the poles. For the rest, everything is based largely on images taken from very powerful telescopes and rovers.
From time to time, some exoplanets are revealed - theoretically, similar to our Earth, at least in terms of how far from the star they are, however, there is actually no confirmation of hypotheses whether there may be life there. Nevertheless, research continues.
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American ufologists, in particular, have assessed whether aliens live in our Galaxy - the Milky Way, and if they do, how many are there in general. Experts came to the conclusion that they really can exist, but they are extremely small, less than 1 percent. This was based on combining into one two statements of different scientists - Frank Drake and Enrico Fermi. The first developed a formula that was supposed to calculate how many aliens would want to communicate with us. It turned out that very, very much.
The Fermi physicist, in fact, in response to this asked his own question, now known as the "Fermi paradox": if there are really a lot of aliens, then why have no contacts with them been established? Jorge Soriano and his team from Harvard, Boston, and decided to answer this by investigating the possible evolution of aliens. It's simple - firstly, not every inhabited planet is a sign of the presence of intelligent life on it, and, secondly, if this happens, it is subject to many galactic cataclysms. On Earth, the climate changed due to the fall of asteroids, for example, therefore, any other celestial body can expect the same.
Thus, two new parameters were added to Drake's formula - the conditional number of highly developed races and the duration of their life on a particular planet. And so it happened that there are actually very few aliens in the Milky Way. Our Galaxy is huge, and aliens can live there anywhere, in any corner of it. Moreover, the solar system is located practically on the very periphery of the Milky Way. If there is such an extraterrestrial civilization somewhere, which is also looking for contacts with other civilizations, then perhaps it is closer to the center of the Galaxy and because of the great distances it simply did not reach us?
Given the huge number of UFO sightings, it is logical to assume that there are some aliens and not very far away, since they allow themselves to fly in and catch the eyes of earthlings. However, since they do not come into direct contact, then either they communicate in such a way that people cannot understand them, or they do not want to do this, considering us to be inconsistent with their minds. Accordingly, the earthlings have more chances really that someday a race will fly from afar, which is in development, like ours, and then there will already be real contact. When this will happen for sure, experts do not undertake to predict yet. Obviously, not as fast as we would like.
Some scientists generally suggest that in order for aliens to contact us, it is necessary to create the Dyson Sphere - such a huge shell around the Sun at a distance of about the same as from a star to the Earth. Actually, for the construction, you will actually need to "recycle" at least Venus and Mercury, if not other planets, and there is no one hundred percent probability that the shell will hold. It will be extremely difficult to prevent anything from falling on her. Nevertheless, such calculations are still underway, although it is not clear when this idea will be implemented.
Irina Letinskaya