- Part 1 - Part 2 -
The study of old maps, begun in the first part of this cycle, also resulted in the study of geographical and historical encyclopedias containing descriptions of Scythia, Sarmatia and Tartaria. In Russian-language sources, only one encyclopedic source of information about Tartary was mentioned - the British Encyclopedia. But it began to be published only at the end of the 18th century. Much earlier than her, there already existed a number of encyclopedias, not only describing Tartary, but also telling that various regions of Tartaria were previously the regions of Scythia and Sarmatia. This, for example, is already quoted by me "Geographie ordine litterarum disposite" (Geography in alphabetical order) by Michel Baudrand, 1681.
"Lexicon Universale" (Universal Lexicon) by Johann Hofmann, 1698.
Historisch-Politisch-Geographischer Atlas der gantzen Welt (Historical-Political-Geographical Atlas of the World), Bruzen de la Martiner, Antoine Augustine; Christian von Wolff, 1747
"The Great Historical, Geographical, Genealogical and Poetical dictionary being a curious misccelany of sacred and prophane history", 1688 (The Great Historical, Geographical, Genealogical and Poetical Dictionary is a curious collection of sacred and secular history)
And many others. I don't think I can list all the books. There are a lot of them.
Sarmatia
Promotional video:
This is how Sarmatia is described in M. Bodran's book "Geography in Alphabetical Order":
The following is a description of the Asian and European Sarmatia:
About Black Russia mentioned here:
The Tavrida Peninsula is Crimea. Which at different times had different names. If you look at the old maps, first Tauro-Scythia, then Crimean Tartary or Perekop, and now - Crimea. The Sarmatian mountains used to be called the Carpathians according to Ptolemy, and the Sarmatian Sea - the Northern Ocean. Map of Sarmaria from the previous article, to make it clearer what it is about:
Romani Imperii qua oriens est descriptio geographica, 1637 (Geographical description of the eastern part of the Roman Empire).
Roughly, the border between Asiatic Sarmatia and Scythia of the Inner Imaum ran along the Volga River (on the map it is named "Ra"). The border between European Sarmatia and Asian Sarmatia is along the Don River, and the border between European Sarmatia and Germany is along the Oder River. On which the border between Germany and Poland now passes.
Germano-Sarmatia
There is also a hotel map of Germano-Sarmatia, by the same author - Nikolai Sanson, whose maps I have already cited earlier.
Germano-Sarmatia in qua Populi maiores Venedi, et Aestiaei, Peucini, et Bastarnae in minors.
In Bodran, all these peoples are attributed to European Sarmatia:
If you look at the modern map, it turns out that Germano-Sarmatia occupied the territory of modern Poland, the Baltic states, Belarus, Western Ukraine, Romania and Moldova. At first I misread the name of the map as "Getmano-Sarmatia". And, apparently, it turned out to be not far from the truth, because it was in these territories that military commanders were called hetmans:
It is believed that the word "hetman" means "head" and comes from the old German "Heubtmann" (modern German Hauptmann). Or, according to another version, from the Turkic title “ataman”, which means “father of horsemen”. I admit that both the German "Hauptman" and the Turkic "ataman" have the same origin, and most likely Scythian-Sarmatian. Judging by the names of the territories where these terms are found. In the relatively recent past, memories of Sarmatia were still quite alive. Now this phenomenon is called "Sarmatism".
Sarmatism
In the 18th century, it was fashionable in the Commonwealth to wear clothes in the Sarmatian style:
Stanislav Anthony Shchuka in representative red clothes - traditional Sarmatian costume, 1735-1740, unknown author, Vilanuv palace.
Prince Dmitry Vishnevetsky in Sarmatian clothes with a Sarmatian hairstyle.
The politically influential Elzhbeta Sinyavskaya, in a Sarmatian men's coat of the Delia.
Pole in Sarmatian clothes.
Cataphractaria
Military armor also belonged to Sarmatism:
Armor of the hussar of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Sarmatian style from Karacena, stylized as the armor of the Sarmatian cataphraction.
The armor consisted of a leather caftan covered with metal plates in the form of scales overlapping each other. The cataphractary mentioned here is a heavy cavalry in ancient times. The armor was worn not only by the rider, but also by the "vehicle":
Camel cataphractarium.
Perhaps the hussars of the Commonwealth were inspired by the image of Sarmatian armor on Trajan's column in Rome?
Sarmatian cataphracts in the Dacian war. Bas-relief of Trajan's Column.
This is a joke, of course. I think that the Sarmatians and Scythians were artificially assigned to the distant past, so that the peoples living in these territories would not have the idea that they are the descendants of these very Sarmatians and Scythians, and the closest ones. According to the official version of history, the Sarmatians lived on the territory of present-day Russia from time immemorial until the 8th century A. D. But, nevertheless, even in the 18th century the name "Sarmatia" was present not only on maps, in the texts of encyclopedic collections, in clothing, but also in architecture.
Sarmatian Baroque
Some architectural objects related to this style:
the defense of St. Francis Xavier in Grodno.
ahedralny Cathedral of the Descent of the Holy Spirit in Minsk.
Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Vitebsk.
Slavs
For some reason, Bodran calls only the people of Germany Slavs:
“Glory is a German people living along the Baltic Sea coast. Which vandals, vinules, wargs, vinyls, are encouraged. The area is called Slavia according to Helmuld. See "Sklavas" and "Sclavonia".
Those. it turns out that even in the 17th century there was no common term "Slavs" for the entire Slavic people. Or was it not already? And they were called by many different names, giving the impression that they are all different small nationalities. Although the language, symbolism, culture, worldview were common. For example, the decoration of the houses of the Lusitanians, an ancient tribe of Indo-European origin, who lived in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula (now Portugal), according to one version from the 6th century BC. e., according to the other - from the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e. In 61 BC. e.:
Celtic motives.
Really common symbols (which can be called Vedic symbols) for many nowadays different peoples on both sides of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.