Earlier we talked about the statement of many Encyclopedias (including the British one in 1771) that practically all of Siberia formed at that time, that is, at the end of the 18th century, an independent state with the capital in Tobolsk. At the same time, Moscow Tartary, according to the table of territories in the British Encyclopedia of 1771, was the largest country in the world. This is depicted on many maps from the 18th century. It is clearly seen that Moscow Tartaria began from the middle reaches of the Volga, from Nizhny Novgorod. Thus, Moscow was very close to the border with Moscow Tartary. At that time, the capital of Moscow Tartary was the city of Tobolsk, whose name is on the map of the British Encyclopedia.
One has only to ask the question "where did this huge state go?", As the facts that show that a giant state existed on the territory of Eurasia immediately began to emerge and be interpreted in a new way.
The table of the territories of the Encyclopedia Britannica of 1771 perfectly coincides with the modern book-reconstruction by A. Kasenko (Chapter 6 - the conquest of the territories of the Neva River, Novgorod, Pskov, Yama, Ladoga, Arkhangelsk by Peter I at the end of the 17th century is convincingly proved). Those. for a short time (~ 5-10 years) there were two states - Russia-Ingermanlandia with the capital in St. Petersburg and Moscow Tartary (with the cities of Moscow and Tobolsk), which is reflected in the British Encyclopedia. Another map … In 1734, in Nuremberg, the heirs of Johann Baptist published a map of Ingermanland of Peter I "Ingermanlandiae seu Ingriae Novissima Tabula", i.e. its territories. The map is the first and only copy from the original map of Ingermanlandia in 1727, made by Alexei Rostovtsev by decree of Peter I:
The reconstruction of the border between two different Russian states (after the formation of St. Petersburg) in the European part on the map of the 18th century is very clear:
Then Peter I conquered Moscow and already controlled both Moscow Tartary and St. Petersburg. This is how the state "Moscovie" appeared. On the 1707 map "Kaart van Tartaryen" (by Piter Vander), two different states "Moscovia" and "Tartaria" are clearly indicated - see map:
Promotional video:
Here is a map of 1717 - on it the Moscow principality (including Arkhangelsk and Novgorod). According to the year the map was published, Peter I had already conquered Ingermanland (Ingermanlandia) and St. Petersburg was formed, but this news has not yet been reflected. Pay attention - in the south (over the Crimea, over the Caucasus) - even Tartary:
Interestingly, this map shows two Novgorods as cities (Novogrod - Novgorod on Ladoga and Novogorod - Novgorod on the Volga) and the region within the Golden Ring, a group of cities that is called NOVOGROD on the map with a capital letter.
An engraving of 1717 about Peter I with the signature “Tsar and Grand Duke of Muscovy” (“Le Czar ou grand Duc de Moscovie”) confirms the modest size of Muscovy:
Interesting Facts:
- in 1561, Tsar Ivan IV Vasilyevich (the Terrible) married the Circassian princess Maria (idar Gueshenya) Temryukovna ("from the Cherkas Pyatigorsk maidens"). Her brother Mikhail Temryukovich becomes a Russian governor. The Circassians take part in all (!) Military campaigns in Russia in the 16th-17th centuries. But from 1700 (the real time of the beginning of the reign of Peter I) and until the defeat in 1864 - Circassia is in constant military confrontation with Russia-Muscovy. Given the Caucasian tradition of honor and loyalty, does anyone else doubt the coup?
- after the invasion of the troops of Peter I to the Northwest, the first partisan movement of the Slavs arose. Quote: “Russian men are unpleasant to us; there are many … from Novgorod, and from Valdai, and from Pskov, and they are kind to the Swedes, rather than to us”(complaint to Peter I from Field Marshal Boris Sheremetyev on May 23, 1703). The commander of the troops Fyodor Apraksin in his dispatches called the partisans "shisha", and the Vyborg commandant Grigory Chernyshev - "kiviks". The documents of the field office of Prince Alexander Menshikov testify that residents gathered in groups of 100 people and attacked small detachments of Peter I's troops, couriers and carts. There were attacks by partisans until 1714.
- Muscovy on older maps is shown as an independent separate state that is not part of Russia. And to the east, behind the mountains, were the ancient principalities: Obdora and Siberia, Yugoria and Sadina, Lukomorye and Belovodye, which were part of the Most Ancient State of White People - Great Tartary.
Siberia of Muscovy
Today we all well know the name "Siberia" - Siberia is located beyond the Urals. Only some sources of the end of the 18th century use the word "Siberia" in the usual sense, others understand something completely different. For example, the Encyclopedia Britannica of 1771 confidently states that Tartaria borders Siberia in the northwest. But after all, it is this Encyclopedia that calls Siberia - Tartary. Where, then, according to British cartographers, was Siberia in 1771? Those. they have Tartary (that is, Siberia in our understanding) borders on a certain, obviously different, "Siberia" in the northwest. It turns out that the word "Siberia" in the XVII-XVIII centuries had a completely different meaning than today. The Romanov falsifiers of history cleverly changed the meaning of this word, giving it a modern meaning. Thus, they created the appearance ofthat Siberia (in the modern sense) allegedly always belonged to Romanov's Russia, which is not true. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the Romanovs owned a completely different "Siberia". Compared to today's Siberia, it is quite tiny. In reality, before the war, Siberia was de jure divided into Moscow and Tartar parts. For Western Siberia, the name "Piebala Horde" was also used.
Let's open Blau's Big Atlas of 1665 and see what “Siberia” is in the understanding of 17th century cartographers. Let's take a look at the map of the Moscow state of the Romanovs given there “TABVLA RUSSIAE”, pp.108-109. This map depicts, in particular, Siberia as part of the Romanov Moscow state. But this is a completely different "Siberia"! “Siberia” on this map is just the left bank of the Ob, Irtysh and Tobol in their lower reaches. That is, a very small area in the north-western corner of real Siberia, completely incomparable in size with the whole vast Siberia, called on this map "Tartaria".
With the outbreak of the war, the Moscow part of Siberia either opposed Muscovy, or was quickly conquered.
Siberian Tartary (two reconstructions)
1. Reconstruction from the "New Chronology" … After the Great Troubles in Russia and the accession of the Romanovs in Moscow, many areas of the former Great Russian Medieval Empire did not submit to the new power that reigned in the capital. They formed their own independent states - shards of old Russia. The largest of them was Siberia (in the modern sense of the word). There, by the middle of the 17th century, a huge Russian-Horde state was formed, under the rule of its tsars. Probably descended from the old royal family of the Empire. The capital of the Siberian state, judging by old maps, in the middle of the 17th century was the city of Irkutsk. The city of Tobolsk at that time was located on the very border between Romanov's Russia and the Siberian state and therefore was inconvenient for the capital. The Romanovs erected opposite Tobolsk, on the left bank of the Irtysh that belongs to them,their own "Tobolsk" and made it the capital of their province "Siberia", which was only a tiny north-western corner of greater Siberia. Accordingly, in Moscow in the 17th century there was a Siberian order in charge of Siberian affairs.
Note that according to the map of Asia in 1772 by Guillaume Delisle and Tobias Conrad Lotter (as well as its parts - Moscow Tartary, Independent Tartary and Chinese Tartary), the western border of Moscow Tartary in 1772 went from the Sea of Azov up the Don, and then crossed the Volga above Nizhny Novgorod. Comparison with earlier maps of the 18th century shows that in 1772 this border moved noticeably to the west, reaching the lower reaches of the Don and capturing Nizhny Novgorod. This is even reflected in the Romanov mythology, where the following is written: “Tobolsk acquired the greatest significance in the 18th century. In the first half of the 18th century … The Siberian order in Moscow, which had been managing the affairs of Siberia for almost a century, was abolished. Voivods and commandants in the cities and counties of the region began to be appointed directly from Tobolsk. " Note thatthat the year 1772 of the map is just the beginning of the war with Pugachev. Those. at first, the border moved to the east, but in the second half of the 17th century, the border between the Romanov kingdom and Tartaria moved back to the west. The maps of the 18th century indicate that by the beginning of the reign of Catherine II, all the lands around Tobolsk belonged exclusively to Tartaria, i.e. are an integral part of the state of the emperor of Tartaria. Tobolsk ("Grad Tobolesk") ceases to be a border city and becomes the capital city of an unknown empire, far removed from its western borders. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Siberians took away from the Romanovs their tiny "Siberia", as well as many other lands, including Kazan, Astrakhan and the entire lower Volga. After that, the border between Romanov Russia and the Siberian state moved strongly to the west and approached Nizhny Novgorod. It is in this form that it is reflected on numerous maps of the 18th century, some of which we have cited above. After the shift of the border, Tobolsk became an inner city of the Siberian state and the capital of Siberian Tartaria was moved there.
As evidenced by maps of the 18th century, until this era, Moscow Tartary was practically inaccessible to Europeans. But at the end of the 18th century, the situation changed dramatically. The study of geographical maps of that time shows that the stormy conquest of these lands began. The conquest went on from two sides at once. For the first time, the troops of the Romanovs entered the Russian-Horde Siberia and the Far East. And for the first time, the troops of the newly emerged United States entered the Russian-Horde western half of the North American continent, which stretched all the way to California to the south and to the middle of the continent to the east. On the maps of the world compiled at this time in Europe, a huge "blank spot" has finally disappeared. And on the maps of Siberia they stopped writing in large letters "Great Tartaria" or "Moscow Tartaria".
2. Another reconstruction … The war between St. Petersburg and Tobolsk, most likely, broke out with the beginning of the Russian-Turkish wars of 1768-1774. The Tobolsk ruler acted in alliance with the Turkish sultan. Catherine II had to fight on two fronts. At first, its troops were defeated in the east, but in 1774 Istanbul unexpectedly concluded a Kuchuk-Kainardzhiyskiy peace with St. Petersburg - separate from Tobolsk. This allowed the Russian empress to transfer the liberated troops to the eastern front and defeat the "Tartarians". If we rely on this version of events, it becomes clear that the angry naming of the Turkish Sultan Abdul-Hamid as a "traitor" in the correspondence between the Egyptian Mamluks and the "Moscow Tsar"insidious traitor … His appearance in the country was marked by devastation and ruin. So be vigilant … Do not be afraid, we will supply you. We will install your rulers in Syria, as we did in the past. Only the coast will be in our jurisdiction”(according to the Egyptian historian of the late 18th century Abdarrahman al-Jabarti, 1754-1826).
There is also an explanation for the shift in the border … After the accession to the throne of Peter I, who ousted his relatives through his father's first wife (Miloslavskys) from power, many representatives of the boyar nobility began to oppose him, and a number of cities in the eastern part of the kingdom could voluntarily pass under the rule of the ruler neighboring eastern power (Tartaria), which belonged to the pre-Roman ruling dynasty.