And everything is clear to me, it became, now … (it's just a song from a famous film). Hello, friends. I am in a hurry to report on the wonderful May holidays.
You understood correctly - we will talk about the Rostov Kremlin, where this legendary film was filmed, and its surroundings too. The tale, as they say, is a lie, but there is a hint in it … However, about everything in order. So, the Rostov Kremlin.
But few people know that on the plan it is located on a covered star-fortress, which can be clearly seen from satellite imagery:
The same star-fortress is circled in a large square, in which the very Rostov Kremlin is located. Another pearl of Rostov the Great, the Spaso-Yakovlev Monastery, is circled in the small square.
Let's take a look at it from above and closer.
Promotional video:
A strange kind of territory around this monastery. Trampled roads indicate that until recently the territory of this monastery was clearly larger. And the shape of these roads stubbornly resembles a symmetrical trapezoid. And if you look from the south-western tower to the west, then this is the view:
The traces of some kind of rampart, which are covered by the earth, show through very well. There is no doubt - there was once a star-fortress here, too, but time did not spare it. And she was within the boundaries of those very well-trodden roads that can be seen on satellite imagery. And what does history say (for now, conditionally, we believe it)?
From 1764, according to the manifesto of Catherine II, until 1888 the monastery was listed as stavropegic, that is, subordinate directly to the Holy Synod.
In the same year, the buildings of the abolished Spaso-Pesotsky Monastery, which stood nearby, were attributed to the monastery, including the monumental Savior-Transfiguration Cathedral of the 17th century (this is the only building of the Spaso-Pesotsky Monastery that has survived to this day). For this reason, in 1765-1836 the monastery was officially named the Spaso-Iakovlevsky Conception Monastery. [8]
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In the second half of the 18th century, the wooden walls of the monastery were replaced by a stone fence. At the corners and above the gates beautiful towers with light tracery silhouettes appeared, above the eastern gates - a high three-tiered bell tower. In the monastery courtyard, two-story fraternal cells and a rector's building were built."
Let's leave the first sentence without comment for now, but put it aside. But according to the second, next to the modern Spaso-Yakovlev monastery there was another monastery, moreover, a wall within a wall, and from it to the present time the only temple has survived. It can be seen on satellite imagery, and not only.
And even on old maps, this is all reflected:
It can be seen that in place of the star-fortress there are two monasteries in the fence. Actually, we see the same thing in the Rostov Kremlin. The entire space inside the star-fortress is divided by stone walls into closed areas and built up with buildings. Regarding the Spaso-Yakovlev Monastery, the only confusing thing is that history ascribes to it wooden walls, which were dismantled due to dilapidation. On a stone star-fortress and wooden walls? Please dismiss. The walls were stone, and they were clearly not demolished from decay. And why they were demolished, let's try to figure it out. But before plunging into the materiel, I strongly recommend that you familiarize yourself with these materials about the construction of fortress stars in the world. And we will start with the old maps of Moscow Tartary, laid out on the French resource Gallica.
Both of these cards look different, although most likely one is a copy of the other. The year of their publication has not been determined. There are many oddities in the cards. For example, the Suzdal principality also covers Kostroma (and even much to the north). Let's say that it was so, but with such an administrative unification, at least a land road between Suzdal and Kostroma should have been. But nothing similar is indicated on the map. But as a rule, the possibility of transport communication was then determined not by land roads, but only by the presence of waterways. Without them, the joint unification of the lands of Suzdal and Kostroma into one principality would be nonsense. As we can see, if there was, for example, a road between Moscow and Yaroslavl, then settlements were located on it with a certain step, and there were probably paramilitary formations in them to protect against robbers. And not only from robbers, but from completely organized military formations of the enemy. Actually, it was for this that the fortress stars stood along the roads, which transmitted a danger signal along their line. This is all good, but suddenly there was a map from the atlas of the 1735 issue, the atlas is in the public domain on the website of the US Library of Congress.
One would think that the cartographer makes gross mistakes. However:
- All large and not very large cities at that time are plotted geographically correctly;
- The same Pleshcheyevo lake near Pereslavl-Zalessky, where the amusing fleet of Peter1 "Romanov" trained his amusing fleet, has a direct access to the Volga basin through the Nerl river, which now flows with a significant displacement. This circumstance brings the existence of a funny fleet from the category of fairy tales to the category of real events, since explains the very possibility of the appearance of this fleet in Lake Pleshcheyevo. On the map, this river Nerl flows through the city of Yuryev-Polsky, this river is now not there and close;
- One common river flows through Suzdal and Vladimir, flowing into the Klyazma. According to the map, it is called Podol. There are traces of it on satellite imagery. However, now another river Nerl flows in that place, and then with an offset relative to this map;
- Between Suzdal and Kostroma there is the city of Luch, which does not exist now. With a certain stretch, it can be stated that it is located on the territory of the modern city of Ivanovo. Where could this city have gone? And he probably stood on the river flowing into the Volga. In Ivanovo there is a microdistrict Svetly Luch. The thought immediately comes into my head, like memories of the former USSR, where all the weaving factories called the Red Ray.
- One river flows from Lake Nero towards Yaroslavl, which along its entire length bears the single name Veda. There are no rivers Ustye and Kotorosl. Lake Nero itself has a different shape. And the most interesting thing is that our Spaso-Yakovlev Monastery is located at a considerable distance from the coastline of Lake Nero.
What does this mean? Only one thing - this card is antediluvian (very rare, by the way). It is possible that there were some inaccuracies in her, but in general she can be trusted. A mudflow that swept through the northern hemisphere at the beginning of the 19th century caused soil, due to which some settlements were destroyed, moved or renamed, river beds changed, and our fortress stars, at least in the northern part of Russia, plunged into this soil almost. For example, in Rostov Veliky itself, the ramparts of the fortress stars look like this:
This star-fortress was lucky only because it was large in height and had several tiers of "rays". By analogy with the preserved stars-fortresses of Europe, one can state that its height may be about 6 m. It turns out that this star-fortress is simply buried to a depth of about 5 m. Other stars-fortresses, which had a lower height, are completely buried in the ground. The temples standing on these star-fortresses are themselves buried in the ground, which is why ordinary people think that they are standing on an ordinary foundation. This is fundamentally wrong, at least for temples, the construction of which is dated earlier than the 19th century. Currently, there are georadars capable of scanning the ground to a depth of 8 m. The Ministry of Culture, in general, can afford to purchase such equipment and carry out work to search for fortified stars in the ground.at least within the Golden Ring. Probably, a lot of interesting things would have been revealed in Russian history. But, apparently, there are more important tasks. However, we are distracted. We return to Rostov the Great, more precisely, to the Spaso-Yakovlev monastery. Satellite photos of fortress stars show certain typical structures of these stars, or at least their upper layers sticking out of the ground. Let's play some Photoshop and try to do a little reconstruction. Let's play some Photoshop and try to do a little reconstruction. Let's play some Photoshop and try to do a little reconstruction.
Imagine that in the place of the Spaso-Yakovlev Monastery we previously had approximately the same star-fortress as in the frame on the right (a living example from the Ukrainian line). Let's try to find the midpoint from which we draw the outgoing rays so that they pass through the bisector of each angle of the star. We get something like this. Now we place another layer here, with a higher scale, but with the same orientation in the azimuthal plane and with the same position of the center of the star. Well, let's number our rays. We get the following.
Beam No. 1 confidently hits the Borisoglebsk Monastery, the distance to which is 17 km in a straight line. Oddly enough, there is an existing road that almost coincides with the ray. For those who do not know, the Borisoglebsk Monastery is comparable in size to the Rostov Kremlin, but somehow strangely it got lost in history and does not exist on any historical map. But we'll come back to it later.
Beam 2 passes relatively past the existing temple complexes. Perhaps there were no temple structures in this direction, perhaps they were, but for a very long time, and traces of their presence can no longer be found.
Beam 3 confidently hits the Rostov Kremlin. No wonder, the object is almost nearby, just over 2 km away.
Beam No. 4, similar to beam No. 2, hits a direction in which nothing can be identified.
Ray No. 5 confidently hits the settlement of Porechye-Rybnoye. We look at the geography and views of this village.
Hmmm … Two adjacent temples in a dilapidated state, and a detached bell tower of about the same condition. Only the bell tower is not small. What does history say?
The village has been known under the name Porechye-Lovetskoye since the 14th century as a place for princely hunting. In the 16th-17th centuries, one half of Porechye was for the sovereign, and the other for the Rostov bishops. During the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich, the inhabitants of the village were granted the exclusive right to use Lake Nero (however, in 1665, most of these lands were transferred to the use of residents of the large lakeside village of Ugodichi).
Since 1683, the entire village has been in the possession of the Rostov metropolitans. In 1709, the entire Lake Nero with flowing and flowing rivers was transferred to the inhabitants of the village of Ugodichi. This deprived Porechans of most of their income and forced them to turn to commercial horticulture. In 1719-1720, by the decree of Peter I, the villagers went to study gardening in Holland. In 1764, the village was taken into the treasury by Catherine II, and already in 1772 it was granted to the favorite, Count G. G. Orlov, together with Borisoglebsk Sloboda, the lakeside village of Vorzha and Spasskaya Sloboda, a suburb of Rostov. From 1784 to 1831 the village was in the possession of Count V. G. Orlov. From 1831 to 1843, the village was owned by his daughter, Countess S. V. Panina, and in 1844 her son, Count V. N. Panin, became the owner of Porechye.
At the beginning of the XIX century. Porechye was the second largest settlement of the Rostov district after Rostov. If in Rostov there were just over 4,700 inhabitants, then in Porechye there were 2,100 souls of both sexes.
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In the middle of the 19th century, Porechye was a wealthy village with 2800 inhabitants. The village spreads over 16 streets along the banks of the Gda River (the second name of the Sary River in its lower reaches), the regular layout of which took shape at the end of the 18th century. under the graph V. G. Orlov. Two stone churches with a bell tower 44 sazhens in height were considered "the richest in the entire province." A feature of Porechye was the abundance of stone buildings, the number of which in the first quarter of the 19th century. was comparable or even exceeded the number of houses in Rybinsk. Of the 412 houses that made up the village by the middle of the 19th century, 82 were stone in two and three floors "of which many, in size and intricate architecture, could, without blushing, become in the row of dandy buildings of any provincial town." In 1865, the third church of St. Trinity."
We will also fix the underlined phrase in memory. Again, some incomprehensible half-heartedness of the property. But at least, it can already be safely asserted that Porechye-Rybnoe is the next star-fortress to the south of Rostov, which is designated on the maps as Gna (Gda). And although the star-fortress is not visible on the plans now, it must be here. But the next fortress stars in this line are already very difficult to identify. The settlements with the names Imbilova and Cavalry Pogost no longer exist. Perhaps these are antediluvian names, but at the present time these settlements already exist under different names. There is a settlement of Pogost-Krest on the border of the Yaroslavl and Ivanovo regions, and oddly enough, with a fenced-in monastery, but it is located far away.
Beam 6 confidently hits the settlement of Shurskol. We are looking at the geography of this village.
The streets of the village follow a star pattern, which is already attracting attention. Obviously, there was some object in the center of this star earlier. Watching history.
"In 1790, at the expense of parishioners, a stone 5-head church was erected in connection with the high bell tower in the name of the Holy Prophet Elijah and the Nativity of Christ, and the nearby wooden church was dismantled after that. There was a 3-tier bell tower at the temple. In 1845, At the expense of the parishioner DI Kulandin, a winter (i.e. with stove heating) church in the name of the Nativity of Christ was also built. After the revolution of 1917, the temple and the church were destroyed, and only in 2013 a new church was built near the site of the destroyed temple - the chapel of Elijah the Prophet. Its architecture is very different from the former building, because so far not a single drawing or photograph of the temple that stood before has been found."
Another coincidence. And here are the temples, which are suddenly dismantled in the time of Catherine the Great and then rebuilt, because before that they were made of wood (as if).
Now, attention, a question. Why in the Spaso-Yakovlev Monastery it was necessary to almost completely destroy its entire western part and walls, so that later it would never be restored? The answer suggests itself, namely, it was necessary to break the communication line of this monastery with the Borisoglebsky monastery, as well as communication lines in the direction of the villages of Porechye-Rybnoye and Shurskol. And they led, oddly enough, in the direction of Moscow. To confirm this version, consider the same Borisoglebsky monastery.
Yes, apparently, once it was a power comparable to Rostov. But for some reason, this monastery is not on any map. Let's try to understand what could be causing this.
Read the conclusion here.