For expeditions to Mars and the Moon to be successful, astronauts must remain healthy, despite the severe effects of weightlessness and deadly radiation. NASA scientists will conduct several experiments on humans to develop ways to defend against these threats.
In 2015, the American Space Agency announced the start of an astounding experiment involving two twin brothers. One of them is astronaut Scott Kelly, who has been on the ISS for a while. Upon arrival on Earth, the doctors performed the necessary tests, and they showed that Kelly's body had undergone significant changes in comparison with the body of his brother.
So, space affects the state of the brain and even genes. Last year, NASA studied the changes that have occurred to the astronaut, and as a result, the department employees realized that they needed to send more people into space for the research to be more reliable. Dan Hartman, deputy program director for the International Space Agency, says NASA has a need to launch more test subjects into space to properly study the effects of weightlessness on their bodies.
So far, the agency does not have such an opportunity, since the cosmonauts fly to the ISS on board the Soyuz rockets. But, as soon as commercial corporations, for example, SpaceX, get involved, the mission will develop and astronauts will be able to stay in orbit for almost a year.
Information about the metamorphoses that occur with people who have been in space is needed for the development of protracted programs that involve a flight to the Red Planet or the Moon.