Question: "Is there life on Mars?" - many will now perceive it as commonplace. A lot of water has flown under the bridge since the time of Wells and A. Tolstoy, and Aelita never sent us her news. Moreover, research from a respectful distance shows that Mars is nothing more than a lifeless red desert. Although it is possible that there is still moisture in the form of polar caps.
Nevertheless, skepticism about the existence of parallel worlds and alien civilizations exists, and sometimes exists as a response to the silence of the Universe about its secrets … But is the Universe really so silent? "He who has ears, let him hear!" Humanity cannot give up its Basic instinct, because of which its parents were expelled from Paradise in time immemorial, - to give up curiosity!
It was hoped that the American Pasfinder spacecraft, sent to Mars, would finally provide scientists with evidence of life, although it is chilly there at night, no worse than ours in Oymyakon: up to minus 76 degrees Celsius! Strong winds and storms with the smallest iron dust, circling over the planet, apparently, give it such a red hue in places. The nature of the iron dust remains to be unraveled: who knows, maybe if there once existed a civilization that disappeared from the planet, pumping out all its natural resources, and the same could threaten us?.. It is clear how important any information from there, therefore, the Passfinder was sent into a valley with large gullies, formed long ago by powerful streams of water that gushed from the mountains. This means that there should be a lot of interesting samples brought by water lava.
But even before the flight to the red planet, in August 1996, nine NASA employees under the direction of David McKay made a sensational statement that flew around almost all major newspapers in the world: in a meteorite registered under the number ALH 84001, evidence was found that in the past There was life on Mars. There were found polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates, and this is a decomposition product of organisms.
The meteorite itself is a piece of rock that arose on Mars four and a half billion years ago. As a result of the fall of a giant asteroid on the planet, and this happened quite "recently" - the event is only sixteen million years old - this rock fragment was thrown into space and flew there until it got into the gravitational field of our mother Earth. That is, twenty thousand years ago, the "Martian" fell to us in Antarctica and lay in conservation. By the way, you can call it a game of chance or someone's unknown clue, but before the statement of David McKay, the American parliament was just going to cut costs on Martian research, and the meteorite itself was found not in 1996, but in 1984. ! It is difficult to call it a simple coincidence …
Surely the Martian cataclysms have their own analogy with the terrestrial ones, such as the recently discovered "global" flood that occurred 7,500 years ago. The Black Sea was then a freshwater lake and was 150 meters below sea level, the Bosphorus Strait did not exist. As a result of climate warming and ice melting, streams of water poured into this lake, flooding a third of the land adjacent to it, and in a few days made the freshwater lake a salty sea. Scientists suggest that the waterfall that rushed down into the valley was 400 times larger than the largest in the world - Niagara!..
The first finds that can be interpreted as traces of intelligent activity on Mars were obtained in 1972. According to the unofficial reports of NASA headquarters experts that appeared in the press then, a formation called the "field of quadrangular pyramids" in the Elysian plateau area was discovered on Mars, as well as geometrically regular structures that could be the ruins of a city in the south polar region.
However, the most interesting finds were made 4 years later, after the surface of Mars was surveyed by two Viking orbital modules. First, the photographs revealed something that can be interpreted as the wreckage of a spacecraft: “… the wreckage was photographed at the optical resolution limit, about 15 miles from the NASA probe (meaning the Viking-1 landing block located at point c coordinates 22 ° 7 'N 48 ° W). The photographs show approximately two-thirds of the all-metal (?) ship, which could be either cylindrical or in the shape of a plate … You can see the furrow dug by the ship in the Martian soil (R. Draker).
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There have also been speculations about the artificial origin of the "perfectly circular formation" on top of the highest Martian mountain Nyx Olympic, the formation called the "road", and another structure resembling the ruins of the city.
But the most interesting find was made in the area of Kydonia. Another "field of pyramids", an incomprehensible dark ring and a stone formation resembling a human head were discovered here.
The height of small "pyramids" reaches 250 meters, large - one and a half kilometers. They are located quite closely - on an area of about 25 square kilometers. As for the "oval formation", which resembles a sculptural image of a human face, it is about one and a half kilometers long and half a kilometer high. What is it? The result of the unusual lighting of a bizarrely weathered rock? But this face is also in another picture taken under different lighting.
Vincent Di Pietro and Gregory Molenaar have done a great job of studying the "Martian Sphinx". Thanks to this work, we can now look at the results of computer analysis of the image of the "Martian Sphinx", as well as at the reconstruction of the "Sphinx" and the "field of pyramids" of the Kydonia region.
Among the many images of the surface of Mars transmitted by the Vikings and Mariners, there were many more oddities: for example, another image of a structure resembling a sculptural image of a human face, only it was photographed in another region of Mars - in Utopia.
And one more similar education. True, for none of them there is no photograph that would show the anomaly from a different point of view - a photograph like the one we have for the "Kydonian Sphinx". So it is quite possible to explain these images by the bizarre play of light and shadow.
Strange things are happening around Mars! Where did the Mars Observer go, one of whose tasks was to clarify the situation with the Sphinxes? And why did the connection with Phobos-2 cease? It stopped, by the way, after the device registered some object against the background of the unlit side of Mars …
Gradually realizing that, perhaps, on the third planet of the solar system, there were not quite the conditions under which life could arise "from beginning to end," biologists began to lean towards the idea that life was brought to Earth from space. This opinion held out for about 30 years, as did Shklovsky's theory. But, in contrast to that, the hypothesis of the "cosmic virus of life" in the last decade of the outgoing century received additional confirmation.
It started with a huge mistake. No science is complete without errors and delusions, which sometimes help it, and do not destroy it. This was the case with alchemy, which was looking for the philosopher's stone to turn mercury or lead into gold. If the alchemists did not have this delusion, which was constantly reinforced by the church opposing science, when one or another scientist was burned at the stake for interfering in divine affairs, and his brothers, based on the fact of the burning, remained convinced that the "stone was found" is hardly now we would have had such a high level of development of chemistry and physics.
So it is in space exploration. The Americans took a sample of the lunar soil and brought it to Earth. It was the long-suffering Apollo 13, with which there were problems and which barely managed to return to its home planet. Imagine the surprise of the researchers when … real living organisms were discovered on the surface of the Moon!
The study of strains went on for several years (there were also several of them!). The most interesting hypotheses were put forward, each of which could become a turning point in our understanding of the question of the origin of life. Microbes that existed in an airless environment … about 1.5 billion years (exactly how many years ago, as it is believed, the Earth had its cute night companion, the Moon)! New versions of the origin of the Moon itself were also born …
And everything "turned out" to be very prosaic: microorganisms were of purely terrestrial origin. The fact is that several years before the sample was taken, the Americans on Apollo 11 (Armstrong and Aldrin) brought the strains to our space neighbor. The microorganisms were able to tolerate 120 degrees of cold and 190 degrees of heat. They survived the lunar impact, and on Earth not only came to life, but also began to multiply at a speed two to three times higher than the speed that was inherent in them before. That is, they managed to mutate …
We put the word "turned out" in quotation marks for a reason. Not everything is clear with the discovery of microbes on the moon. Given the vast distances - from the Earth to the Moon, the size of the crater and the possibility of an accurate lunar landing of the Orion descent module - it is difficult to imagine that the astronauts would be able to detect with sufficient accuracy even the former lunar landing square itself, and not only the location of Neil Armstrong and his partner Edwin Aldrin … And the probability that for the sake of the sample was taken exactly that part of the lunar soil, on which there were unforeseen traces of terrestrial microbes, brought in (how?) By Armstrong and Aldrin, is completely reduced to zero.
Of course, you remember that story with the first man on the moon. And how Armstrong was banned from broadcasting, so that, God forbid, he would not let out about someone again … By the way, nerves later refused to courageous Edwin Aldrin: he is now in a terrible state of severe depression, drinks bitter and sits for hours by the window, peering into the starry night sky (Literaturnaya Gazeta wrote about this in the mid-80s).
An unknown space object also pursued Apollo 12 on its way to the Moon …
And the oxygen cylinder in the cramped chamber of the Apollo-13 spacecraft exploded so “successfully” that not only the spacecraft, but also none of the astronauts suffered. The filigree work of certain "intruders" suggests that the astronauts' plans were very skillfully frustrated. Someone really did not want an unwanted nuclear explosion to “thunder” on the Moon. And not only! It was the enlonauts (and the UFO was next to Apollo 13!) And could "arrange" the very soil sample for the astronauts, which they then brought to Earth!..
Let's look at Mars again. We have already talked about the "Martian Sphinx" and the pyramids. Enthusiasts even dubbed the "city" near which all this was discovered: Kydonia …
The most mysterious thing in this whole story is that since then, scientists have not been able to photograph objects that are so interesting to everyone. Our "Phobos-1" and "Phobos-2", which "flew" the USSR at a pretty penny, disappeared under mysterious circumstances: a strange flying object resembling a spindle came into the field of view of one of the vehicles on which more than one design bureau was working … there was the last picture from Phobos-2. And "Phobos-1" "missed" so large that it flew from Mars at a distance twice the distance from the Earth to the Moon, and went into outer space. With our ability to accurately launch and correct flight trajectories, this is simply unthinkable. Is there really an intervention of another mind? And on August 21, 1993, the Americans forever lost contact with their Mars Observer station, which they so hoped for. There is an opinionthat the local air defense works perfectly on Mars …
And here is the latest information on the Pasfinder. A sufficient number of months have passed since the aircraft landed. Considering the mystery of the disappearance of spacecraft on Mars (and Venus, by the way, too!), Scientists have come up with an ingenious landing system when the spacecraft does not go into Mars orbit, but sits directly (I think, something like the Tunguska phenomenon tried to "land", if, of course, he flew in). So: "Pasfinder" has successfully "landed"! It was July 1997. Sojourner (Mars rover "Hitcher"), whose design was copied in many respects from the Soviet "Lunokhod" and "Lunokhod-2", “came out” just as successfully, and went for a “walk” on the red planet. The program of work of the "Fellow traveler" excluded the mistakes of the "Lunokhod": since the signal from Earth to Mars takes about 10 minutes, outstanding programmers compiled the program so that many solutions,which took seconds, Sojourner decided for himself, regardless of the control center …
For landing was chosen "quite safe crater Ares Wallis" (by the way, the landing site itself is named after the outstanding American astrophysicist Carl Sagan), the rover from it and began to transmit video information … "Fellow traveler" managed to transfer no less than 10 thousand photographs!.. And radio communication was interrupted. The discouraged specialists who designed the spacecraft for low and high Martian temperatures shrug their shoulders and explain that Sojourner is in suspended animation “due to low temperatures” (!) And that “in the spring (in the Martian“spring”) communication will improve” …
A bitter joke: the Martian "spring" may not come even for several years. Probably, not only air defense works well on Mars, but also ground (or rather, "Martian") defense. It was she who, most likely, worked in September 1997. However, let's wait, as they say, we'll see. Before the Martian "summer", I want to believe, not so long …
Why is it Mars, and not … Saturn, for example? After all, the Martian version seems to be forever "spoiled" for more than a hundred years by the fantasy that "bowed" the red planet. Moreover, the famous Martian “channels” turned out to be simply an optical illusion. High-end technology shows: there are no rivers, lakes and channels on Mars. And perhaps it was not!.. However, Ares Wallis is still on the line of a huge (former) water stream - this is almost reliable information.
And many areas of the red planet darken in the spring! It was at the time when the Martian ice caps at the poles were melting intensively. Does vegetation cover the planet from time to time? Our scientists would be satisfied with a simple and unpretentious lichen. Let both the "head" and the pyramids - this is also an illusion! If only to find something similar to alien vegetation … Although, of course, by and large, we only agree on "brothers in mind" …
But it is known that the Sojourner transmitted an image of two giant hills to the north of the landing site, and preliminary research has shown that one of the hills is clearly of artificial origin, representing the oldest stepped pyramid! And it is almost identical to the pyramid of Djoser in Egypt. Or with the pyramids of the ancient American Indians …
And a kilometer from the device, when the photographs were enlarged, an object was found that is easiest to identify with … an earthly tracked tank, although, of course, years, a war or a disaster greatly disfigured it …
However, it is time to return to the question of the origin of life. Supporters of the emergence of life on Earth from space believe that interstellar special ships with alien-gods did not exist at all: ordinary meteorites with spores and microorganisms are suitable for "fertilizing" the planet.
Back in the 1960s, this hypothesis was expressed by J. Oro from the University of Houston, but it was forgotten for a long time. But this theory, oddly enough, was fully confirmed when amino acids were experimentally found on the surface of 5 percent of meteorites falling to Earth! These meteorites were so-called "carbonaceous chondrites" and contained not only amino acids, but also alcohols, hydrocarbons and other non-polar compounds, from which then, in favorable terrestrial conditions, the cell membranes of primary terrestrial organisms could well have formed.
In 1969, near the city of Murchison in Australia, one such meteorite fell, and D. Deamer from the University of California, experimentally, in a laboratory, proved that these compounds could well form the future cell membrane: the scientist received "bubbles" - spherical membrane molecules!
Scientists received another direct confirmation of this theory in 1989. Amino acids have been found in the geological rocks immediately above and below the clay layer formed at the border of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras! They are also the result of the bombardment of the Earth by meteorites or comets. This is proved by the fact that the amino acids in these layers are of non-biological origin and belong to the type of amino acids found in meteorite material.
There is no answer to another serious question: where did the amino acids come from on the meteorites themselves?
There are almost affirmative and evidence-based answers to this question. NASA employees K. Zanle and D. Grinspoon suggested that comets, the substance of which contains similar amino acids, did not collide with the Earth at all, but passed nearby, leaving their matter in the Earth's atmosphere. Then this organic mixture was dropped to the surface. In contrast to the formation of a clay layer, this process is much slower, therefore amino acids are not contained in the clay itself, but are located above and below this layer. It's amazing how, in general, the concept of clay fits into the process of creating life!
It turns out that the answer to the question of why the amino acids were not “burned out” when a comet hit the Earth or when a hot “tail” passed through the ionosphere (with the formation of a plasmoid). First, the amino acids could have been contained inside the object, protected by a layer of ice, and it disintegrated only on the surface of the Earth. Secondly, contact with the atmosphere could be "not hot" (only a small part of the comet's tail could touch the atmosphere). And thirdly, which is perhaps more correct: the impact itself during the collision could be the cause of the synthesis!
A. Arrhenius (Sweden) believes that spores of microorganisms are scattered throughout the Universe in space, and this is a property of the Universe. Accordingly, we can conclude that not only the Earth, but in general any planet, wherever it is, must be habitable. This theory is also curious because the very spores of microorganisms, like quanta of light, are present everywhere, which means that the Universe can be called simply alive.
To date, this statement has found ardent supporters from among scientists who adhere to non-traditional views of things. For example, F. Hoyle and N. Chandra Wakraminsingh reject even the Big Bang theory and prove that viruses of influenza, AIDS and other infectious diseases descend to us directly from space.
Perhaps the scientific world would have ignored these statements if the famous F. Crick, Nobel Prize winner, had not sympathized with them. Once F. Crick deciphered the genetic code, showing that DNA has the form of a double helix. Having published the article "Seeds from the Stars", he not only supports, but also develops the theory of cosmic "contamination" of the Earth with life. A certain mind, says F. Crick, “sends out” all over the Universe “parcels” - capsules filled with certain types of microorganisms. Once at the address, this "package" turns on the "unpacking" mechanism, and its contents begin to operate in accordance with the conditions for which it is intended. “The most suitable for this,” writes Crick, “would be bacteria. Their size is very small, so they can be dispersed in huge quantities. Bacteria remain viable at very low temperatures, which means they have a chance to survive and multiply in the "broth" of the primordial ocean. And apparently, it is no coincidence that the most ancient fossil organisms that we find so far belong to this particular variety."
Opponents are of the opinion that everything is generated by the Earth, and the best proof of this fact is the composition of our blood, which is very close to the composition of the World Ocean. They also have a more compelling argument: the recently popular water birth greatly facilitates the situation of both the woman in labor and the baby. So, the enthusiasts of "home-grown" conclude, we must pay attention back to the ancestors!..
The last call is all the more surprising since there is no evidence that our ancestors gave birth in water, although, of course, such an option is not completely excluded … And in the Book of Books the only method of childbirth is fixed forever (as punishment for the sin of Adam and Eve) - “in agony !..
And finally, one cannot fail to mention that in recent years such a physical category as "ether" has been frequently mentioned. Yes, yes, the very "ether" that Einstein "dealt with", forever, seemingly, canceling out its existence in theoretical physics. It turns out that it is simply impossible to do without ether when explaining why the Sun does not go out, why the magma of the Earth is red-hot and why the mass of the globe is constantly growing, "swelling" from the inside (the spreading-scattering of continents, in the historical sense is very subtle, but in the geological sense - an extremely fast). The concept of ether is very close to the concept of hidden mass, and some scientists even directly equate these concepts. The etheric wind always has one direction, and it should be taken into account when calculating the trajectories of planets, stars, spacecraft …
We mentioned the ether with one purpose: won't we ever have to seriously return to the concept of "live ether", so reliably, it would seem, swept aside by skeptics-materialists?..
Then all other theories of the origin of life will simply burst like a soap bubble: after all, ether - it means “to breathe life”.
Since ancient times, people have inhabited the space around them with all kinds of creatures. There were monsters, elves, mermaids, goblin, and, of course, everything was "teeming" with gods. In ancient Greece, every source, every rock, every grove had its own little god, naiad or dryad. With the advent of Christianity, the pagan inhabitants pushed aside or completely disappeared from the consciousness of many people, now everything has become clearer and clearer: the near-human environment was divided into two camps - white and black, angels and demons.
When scientific and technological progress began to step on the heels of Mankind, it suddenly, succumbing to rationalistic thinking, populated the world around it with its own hand-made or invented machines. The man "sounded proudly" and wanted to be called the center of the Universe, and also defined the main task: giving up the expectations of nature's favors, grabbing its riches.
But it turned out that being in the center was not very comfortable, and sometimes even lonely!.. That's when everyone began to feverishly look for brothers in mind on other planets. Messages to extraterrestrial civilizations began to be compiled, radio amateurs-enthusiasts sat for hours at their receivers in the hope of catching at least some weak signal from the nearby constellations and galaxies, an avalanche of rumors and gossip about aliens living on American military bases - living or dead, it is not so important, - swept across countries, but … alas! The official scientific press was silent, the host of flying saucers did not land solemnly at the government airports in Moscow or New York, and enthusiastic earthlings did not greet them with flowers and music.
Our impatience and unquenched curiosity sometimes made us unconditionally believe in obvious stupidity, and at the same time forced us to ignore irrefutable evidence, which is bad on both sides … Are we ready, in general, for an equal meeting with brothers in reason? Wouldn't they consider our way of thinking to be just an "infectious disease" that interferes with the harmony of soul and body?..
"Secrets of UFOs", A. Varakin and others.
