The 20th century turned out to be the most destructive for the Slavic civilization. At the beginning of the century, the "letter from Kitezhgrad" was found, then the mysterious "Veles's book", found after the First World War and mysteriously disappeared in the flames of the Second World War.
The mysterious tablets of Isenbeck
In December 1919, Colonel of the White Army Fyodor Isenbek discovered in the ruined princely palace of the Great Burluk (now the Kharkov region) an abundance of plaques with incomprehensible letters. In his youth, the officer worked as an artist on expeditions of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and, realizing the importance of the old tablets, took them with him. Soon, driven by the revolution, the 32-year-old outcast ended up in Iran, but did not part with the find.
And in 1923 the Belgrade newspaper Novoye Vremya reported about a white officer offering scientists tablets with strange texts. But University professor Soloviev said it was a fake. Isenbeck leaves for Paris, from there - to quiet Brussels. There he becomes close to the same emigrant Yuri Mirolyubov - a poet, journalist and chemist, a polyglot who owns
seven languages (including the ancients). But only three years later, Isenbek confided in Mirolyubov and showed his tablets. The poet UNDERSTOOD that his friend would never process his find and kept it only from the consciousness that there was a secret in it. And Mirolyubov persuades the owner to allow, under his supervision, to rewrite a mixture of Greco-Gothic and Sanskrit letters from the tablets. After nine years of studying the texts, he began to decipher: "Vles this book … our God, who has a natural comer … strength …" Realizing the importance of the document, Mirolyubov invited Isenbek to show the tablets to emigrant scientists. In the "Russian Club" Professor Eck was known as a leading figure of the Middle Ages, and friends turn to him. The bundle of tablets with inscriptions aroused interest also among Vergun, Sheftel and the mysterious "assistant" Professor Pfeifer.
On August 13, 1941, Isenbek dies suddenly. He bequeathed his property to Mirolyubov, but among 60 expensive paintings and other things there was no main thing - a sack with tablets. It turned out that the German "Gauleiter" had already come for them … Looking ahead, I will note: years later, when studying the trophy materials in one of the documents of the "art intelligence" of the SS "Ahnenerbe", the researchers will find in the act of the secret coordination center in Ratibor the name of the antiquities specialist Pfeifer … After the war, Mirolyubov informs the Russian Museum-Archives of the city of San Francisco about the loss. This interested the white general Kurenkov (known as the "etymologist and Assyriologist A. Kur"), and in September 1953 in the almanac "The Firebird" (USA), his first publication about the "tablets" appeared. She attracted the attention of Professor of the University of Canberra Paramonov. With his submission, the "Isenbek's tablets" were named "Veles's book".
In 1959, Paramonov succeeded in obtaining the transfer to the Soviet Slavic Committee of a photograph from an informal copy of the tablet "Vles this book …", but in his accompanying text he mistakenly indicated that this was a photograph from the tablet taken by Mirolyubov. From that moment on, a discussion began about the degree of authenticity of the lost protograph of the book.
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Prominent scientists Buganov, Zhukovskaya, Rybakov denied its existence. Artsikhovsky, Kondratyuk and others regenerated the concept, which allowed Tvorogov in 1990 to provide the public with the Velesov Book in full enough … Everyone acted according to the principle that Shtepa, the publisher of the Russian magazine Fakty in Sweden, said: this era did not see the original manuscripts of Herodotus, Aeschylus, Sophocles, etc., but this does not prevent us from staging their plays, reading history. Better to let the one who doubts the authenticity prove his suspicions, otherwise, according to the ancient legal principle, this subject (person, novel, history, message) is not to blame for these suspicions. " Indeed, even in the form that has come down to us, "Veles's Book" has become one of the pages of culture: it is reflected in novels, films, and the works of artists.
Complex search
Whatever it was, but from the "tablets" there are three sketches and photocopies from them and a questionably "decoded" text. And the researchers called for help codicology - the method of "archeology" of books, which is based on a systematic analysis of evidence obtained during the verification of both internal testimony (existing doubts should be resolved in favor of the document) and external (what other sources, besides the analyzed monument, contain evidence confirming its accuracy, reliability and authenticity).
One of the first serious confirmations of the possibility of the existence of "plaques" was the testimony of Arab medieval authors that the "ancient Russians" carved texts on birch plaques. The same can be said about the monuments of writing that coincide with the alphabet of the "Veles Book".
The Vinchan-type writing system discovered in the Danube basin (VII-IV millennium BC), which researchers associated with the Wends and Rasens, became sensational. Considering the ethnos - Fen / Venedin, some scholars speak of the Phoenician (Venetian) writing as Slavic. It has been established that the Vinchan-type writing system is also found among the monuments of the Trypillian culture that existed in the interfluve of the Danube and the Dnieper in the 4th-3rd millennia BC. e.
For the first time, Linnichenko, Khvoika and Yavornitsky drew attention to these mysterious signs on Tripillian ceramics at the beginning of the last century. And at the end of the century, many scientists will notice the similarity of the letters of the Veles book to the signs of the Vincha letter. Its signs generally correspond to the written monuments of the ancient Slavs of Europe. Several dozen sources indicate that some peoples of Eastern Europe before 988 also used Arabic, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and other alphabets, often mixing them in one text.
So, in 1884, the remains of a pagan sanctuary were discovered near the village of Bush (now Yampolsky region of Ukraine). The names of the gods Perun and Khors were revealed on the limestone wall, and ceramic bowls in the underground of the complex. The central part, which has survived to this day, is a complex symbolic bas-relief. On it, between the "world tree" and the antlers of a deer, there is a small plaque in signs. Reconsideration of the "Bush" plot - on a miniature in the Bulgarian psalter of the XIV century, where the quote from the psalm is illustrated in this way: "In the same way, the oil does not want water springs, if my soul wants to you, God."
There are also known direct illustrations of the sketches of the Veles Book and the following description of Mirolyubov: “Each time a line was drawn for a line, rather uneven. The text was written under this line. " In addition to the later examples of such a text design (for example, on Orthodox covers of the 15th-16th centuries, the seal of the Kiev magistrate of the 17th century), one can cite the recently published Old Slavic inscription: "Zacharias" on the Abbasid dirhem coin of Caliph al-Mahdi 776/777. lettering "hung" letters under the Arabic string. Separate features of the text of the book find analogies in Novgorod birch bark letters, graffiti of ancient Russian cathedrals in Kiev, Novgorod and Polotsk. And talking about the "absurdities" of the language of the "Veles Book" should also be with caution. For example,very controversial is the belief of some scholars about the East Slavic full agreement as the original and only possible. The VELES-VOLOS-VLAS-VLASY variants could coexist in different dialects on the same territory, as the Volosina, Volosozhary, Vlaszi, Vlasozhalitsa, etc. variants now coexist. as the names of the most important constellation of the Bull-Taurus for the Slavs (directly associated with the cult of Vlas-Veles).
Perhaps, even before the X century, chronicles were kept in Russia. Information about the common source of the "Tale of Bygone Years", "Primary Code" - "The Great Russian Chronicler" and others have reached us. By the XII century in Russia there could have been at least 100 thousand books. Already from the 12th century, there were lists of forbidden works such as "Aristotelian Gates", "Kolednik", "Volkhovnik", "Zeleinik". Undoubtedly, collectors of the 19th century kept some "pagan" tablets with letters. These facts also confirm the version that a monument similar to the "Isenbeck tablets" could exist.
In the meantime, scholars conditionally divided the body of the book into three parts - a semblance of a chronicle, a collection of liturgical sacred texts and instructive narratives.
"Velesova" chronicle
She reports how 1300 years before Germanarikh, the ruler of the Gothic state (died in 375), which existed in the interfluve of the Dnieper and the Volga with a pronounced German dominance, the ancient Slavic tribes from the clan of Bohumir and his wife Slavuny left the Semirechye, got "to the Carpathian Mountain" and the "Gothic Sea". The tribes were led by the forefather Or, his sons were Kiy, Pashchek (Schek) and Torovato (Horeb?). In battles with the Goths, Huns and other ethnic groups, they conquered the territory of "Velikogradie" from Golun (Golyn) to Voronzhenets. Later, driven back to the city of Kiya, the Slavs united around Prince Lebedyan. Then Veren, Serezhen, Vseslav, Dir and Askold ruled. After Dir and Askold, God "turned away his face" from the Slavs, since "these princes were baptized by the Greeks." Mention is made of the arrival of Erek (Rurik?) And the exploits of Prince Bravlin, who took Surozh (Crimean Sudak?).
This information intersects with the ancient Russian chronicles - Joakimovskaya, Ipatievskaya, Mazurinskaya with the Arabic composition "Madzhal-at-Tavarikh" (17th century), folklore of different peoples, for example, the ancient Armenian legend about the founding of the city of Kuara in the country of Paluni. Attention is drawn to the evidence of the "Ra-river" (the ancient name of the Volga-Ra), which flows into the "Fasiskoe Sea". The Fasis River, now Rioni, flows into the Black Sea, and the old name of the Caspian, as you know, is the "Khvalisskoe" or "Derbenskoe" sea. Recently it was found that in the II-I millennium BC. e. The Volga could flow into the Black Sea, and then, due to geotectonic processes, changed the channel.
This is how almost all ethnonyms and names find analogies in the known documents of antiquity. As an example, we can cite the names of cities - Golun and Voronzhenets. From the texts of ancient authors (for example, Herodotus), Mount Gelon is known, convincingly identified by scientists with the Velsky settlement on the Vorskla River (now the Kotelevsky district of the Poltava region). Both the Golun of the "Veles Book" and Gelon are three fortifications surrounded by a common rampart. In "Isenbek's tablets" Golun is mentioned in connection with the cult of the bird Sva (Sve) - the protector and heavenly patron, and bird-like cult figurines are a typical find for the Velskoye settlement. The Voronezh of the "Isenbek tablets" is not without reason identified with modern Voronezh. And on its territory there are ancient Slavic monuments, including a settlement and burial grounds,as well as inscriptions with rune-like characters from the beginning of our era.
Her sacred texts …
They mention up to forty names of the gods, organized according to the principle of a cathedral community. Among them, Triglav stands out. Moreover, the text speaks of the plurality of Triglavs subordinate to the "first Triglav". Research into mythology confirms this fact. The worldview of the "Veles book" is threefold in everything: "For that secret is great: like Svarog and Perun, there is Svyatovit at the same time." At the same time, it is emphasized that “there are … erring ones who count the gods, thus dividing Svarga. They will be rejected by Rod, as they did not heed the gods.
Are Vyshen, Svarog and others - the essence of the multitude? After all, God is both one and many. And let no one divide the multitude and say that we have many gods. " This interpretation of paganism explains why the sermons of St. Andrew was adopted by the Slavs, thereby receiving an impetus for the development of literacy, since Christianity involves the reading of sacred texts. Attempts to use Christianity for narrowly ethnic or narrowly state purposes contradict the worldview. "Veles's book" negatively assesses the missionary activity of the Byzantines, and in Slavic folklore the "cunning Greeks" - the messengers of the Byzantine patriots - were transformed into the image of "Fox Patrikeevna".
The researchers noticed that none of the reconstructions of Slavic paganism, made on a scientific and documentary basis, contradicts the texts of the book, which testifies to the highest spiritual potential of the ancients. In this context, their beliefs became part of the Fatherland, merged together with the culture of their ancestors, who also "had a language for addressing God."
It is no coincidence, apparently, by the 11th century, according to the estimates of contemporaries, there were about 400 churches in Kiev that called believers to service by ringing.
People who understood the depth of Christian teaching were called wise in Russia. The balanced policy of Christianization was carried out by the prince of Kievan Rus Yaroslav, who received the nickname the Wise. At the very beginning of the 11th century, for example, while baptizing the inhabitants of the Medvezhy Ugol settlement, he did not destroy the temple of Beles. In his new city - Yaroslavl - Christian and pagan communities live together, mutually multiplying the culture of Russia. The bear, one of the symbols of Veles, can still be seen in the coat of arms of this Volga city. The "remnant" of the apostolic heritage was kept in their souls by Catholics, Protestants, and Orthodox. At the same time, the "people of the remnant" respected the culture of other peoples.
… and instructive narratives
They are still relevant now: “It is in vain that we forget the valor of the past centuries and go nowhere. And so we look back and say that we are ashamed to know both sides of Pravi and Navi, and to know and understand our own way."
The 9th century (the "Isenbeck plates" end with it) was a turning point in the history of Slavic civilization. Spreading in space and time, the peoples began to lose connection with each other, including the spiritual one. At this time, St. Cyril (Constantine) and St. Methodius, who set up graphics in accordance with the principles accepted in Christianity, which determined the development of the Old Slavonic language and high style. The book tells about a certain Cyril: “(The Greeks) said that they had established a written language in our country so that we would accept it and lose our own. But remember that Cyril, who wanted to teach our children and had to hide in our houses so that we do not know that he teaches our letters and how to make sacrifices to our gods. " Unfortunately, the "tablets" do not tell which Cyril is in question: about the former in the Christian mission in Kiev during Askold's time and, possibly,who created a synthetic Cyrillic alphabet for the Russians, or about Cyril (actually, until his death in 869, who bore the name Constantine), who streamlined the verb. Indeed, in one of the epistles of Pope John VIII (XI century) it is said that Cyril only found, recreated and streamlined the Old Slavic alphabet.
This testimony is especially valuable, since John VIII knew Methodius. A follower of Cyril and Methodius, a monastic Brave (10th century) admitted that before the adoption of Christianity, the Slavs had "with lines and cuts chtehu and gataakhu." The role of the Thessalonian brothers, after ordering in accordance with the established Christian rules of liturgical Slavic texts, was to destroy the “trilingual heresy” (its followers recognized only Hebrew, Greek and Latin as canonical). Cyril declared to these heretics who dominated Rome: “Does it not rain from God equally for everyone, does not the sun shine for everyone, does it not equal and we all breathe air? Why are you not ashamed to recognize only three languages, and tell other peoples and tribes to be blind and deaf?"
Crusades against the books of the Slavs
Apparently, even then, Rome was hatching plans for the Crusades against the Slavs.
By the 12th century, the Venetian civilization was finished: the sites of ancient sanctuaries crushed castles, churches and monasteries. The center of civilization, together with the refugees, moved to Kievan Rus, but here, too, pseudo-Christian literature created the image of the barbarity of the pagan Slavs.
Destroying pre-Christian monuments, churchmen of different confessions engaged in mutual destruction of these ancient libraries. Since the beginning of the 13th century, censorship has developed in Russia, arranging trials over "deep" books suspicious in content. And by the 17th century, libraries of monasteries and churches had largely lost their old Russian fund. But the "renounced" books continued to exist. And in 1677, Patriarch Joachim ordered to remove from liturgical and other books the pages that differ from the "Moscow books" and send all the books to Moscow for censorship. As a result, tens of thousands of ancient books perished.
The policy of Peter I of "cleansing history from unnecessary things" was carried out by invited Western scholars who created a school of "Germanophiles" and "Scandinavomaniacs". Striving for the fastest "European integration" of the new empire, they spread the legend about the "wild Slavs" who allegedly called the Varangian Germans. The surviving documentary sources hindered the assertion of this legend. And isn't that why on the night of April 21-22, 1718, the library and archives of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra burned down, and in 1780 the book collection of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy perished in a conflagration?
The remains of the spiritual heritage of Kievan Rus were trying to save the heiress of the ancient Slavic-Sorbian family from the city of Serbska (Zerbst) Catherine II. The empress saved the Old Believers from persecution "for their faith" and collected a personal library of ancient manuscripts. In the "Notes on Russian history" she noted: "The Slavs in the east, west and north possessed small areas, that in Europe there was hardly a piece of land that they did not touch … The Slavs had a letter long before Christ's birth." After the death of the queen, part of her book collection was also lost …
In general, ancient Slavic books were stolen and sold abroad, they were not allowed either to be read or kept in homes: pre-Christian chronicles had to be burned, "at least they touched on one story." The same fate awaited them abroad.
Inquisitor of Slavic Civilization
The destruction of our antiquities on an industrial basis was put by fascist Germany, which hated the Slavic civilization.
In the middle of the 19th century, Austria, once conquered by the Germans from the Slavs, became one of the centers of the revival of the "German spirit". There, in the town of Lambach, the abbot of the Hagen monastery decorated the walls of the Christian monastery with swastikas and introduced the parishioners to the “Germanic religion”. Around the same time, a boy who dreamed of becoming a Catholic priest sang in the church choir of the monastery - the future Hitler. However, Hitler's fascination with religion in Hagen's interpretation ultimately led to the creation of the Third Reich. The early Christian "salted" (ie "walking in the sun") sign of two crossed Latin S (Sacro-Sanctum) - a symbol of inviolable holiness - was rethought by fascist theorists as "protisolon" swastika and Schutzstaffel - "guard detachment". Members of this "squad" wore uniforms with the symbol of original sin - "Adam's head" - and received from the Fuhrer the right to commit any crimes in the name of serving "German honor". In 1933, the Ahnenerbe (Heritage of the Ancestors) organization became the ideological "nucleus" of the SS.
The Nuremberg trials of the Nazis showed that a significant part of the "old guard" SS had an excellent education. Every fourth had a doctorate, most of these "intellectuals" were in the service of the "Ahnenerbe", and it was they who organized the destruction of Slavic antiquities in the occupied territories and the destruction of the libraries of these peoples according to a prepared plan, as well as out of personal interest in books and manuscripts. At the same time, the activities of the SS "Ahnenerbe", aimed at depriving the conquered peoples of their historical memory, were carefully hidden.
Had "Ahnenerbe" information about the "Veles Book", I would not have missed it, which contradicts the official conclusion of the Reich: European civilization is a product of racially pure Germans. But a little time will pass, and on the "Walpurgis Night" of fascism - April 30, 1945, going into disgrace and decay, Hitler realizes and writes: "The future belongs entirely to the strongest eastern nation, Russia."
Yes, the world war ended with the Slavs entering the border of the Elbe - their ancient Laba, which they lost in the 9th century. In Szczecin, on the wall of the ceremonial hall of the German town hall, which became a museum, the cultural layer of this city was soon laid out and it was shown who was the first on the Oder (Oder). In the showcase there was a statue of Triglav discovered by Polish archaeologists under the foundations of houses in German Pomerania …
The SS Ahnenerbe archive was taken over by the Red Army, and it was taken to the USSR as a trophy. The circle of history has closed. But the book of ancient wisdom has not yet been found. The search for her continues. The archive of Yuri Mirolyubov, which he hung in Moscow on October 6, 1970, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean in the last minutes of his life aboard the steamer "Visa", heading for Europe, calls for this … Author: V. Tsybulkin
Source: "The X-Files. Dossier "No. 12 (54) 2010
