Atlantis - a ghost island? Archipelago? Continent? The legendary land located in the Atlantic Ocean and sank, according to Plato, to the seabed about 11.5 thousand years ago?
2400 years have passed since the writing of the dialogues of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato "Timaeus" and "Critias". Knowledge of Atlantis was transmitted through secret societies, religious cults, myths and traditions.
The most promising areas for the search for Atlantis are: America, Antarctica, the Arctic, the Brazilian island of Sao Paulo, the Cuban and Bahamas, the Bermuda Triangle, the Azores, the Canary Islands, the Horseshoe underwater archipelago, northwestern countries of Europe and Africa, Sicily, Malta, Cyprus, Crete and Santorini.
Quite a wide range to search, but after all, Plato talked about the ten kingdoms of the sons of Poseidon.
Russian scientist and atlantologist Nikolai Zhirov assumed that the huge archipelago of Atlantis was located within the North Atlantic, where Plato located it. The archipelago stretched from Greater Iceland to the equator and further south. In the west, Atlantis reached Greater Newfoundland and the Antilles, in the east - to Spain.
The more different options for the "placement of Atlantis" scientists consider, the more questions arise.
Search areas for Atlantis and research results:
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Antarctica
The geographic maps of the Admiral of the Navy of the Ottoman Turkish Empire Piri Reis and the geographer Orontius Phineus had prototypes attributed to the late Ice Age, such knowledge was not possessed by the Phoenicians, Egyptians or ancient Greeks. They clearly show the rivers that flowed in Antarctica about 6 thousand years ago.
Facts and hypotheses:
American Rear Admiral Richard Byrd, who led the 1946-1947 expedition to Antarctica, wrote in his report that on the ice continent they faced such a powerful enemy that the American army was not capable of overcoming. In 1955, 67-year-old Admiral Bird made another mysterious flight to Antarctica. Russian researcher Yevgeny Butenko talked about excerpts from Admiral Byrd's diary, allegedly provided by his daughter, published in an Italian magazine by Dr. Costantino Paglialunga.
Who were these people? Atlanta? And were they?
Atlantic Ocean
The Piri Reis map shows a large island in the Atlantic Ocean east of South America near the island of São Paulo, Brazil.
According to Russian and Italian researchers, Atlantis was located in this place. Here, Holocene movements of the planetary crust have been discovered over the past 12 thousand years.
(The Holocene is the era of the Quaternary period, which lasts for the last 11 thousand years up to the present.)
Azov sea
In 2004, an expedition from the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences discovered at the bottom of the Sea of Azov near the Taman Peninsula an "antique library" in marble: gravestones and fragments of columns with ancient Greek texts carved on them.
In the 6th century BC. on the coast of the Kerch Strait, on the Taman Peninsula, Phanagoria was located - the largest ancient Greek colony. Phanagoria was founded on the island of the now defunct Korokondamite archipelago. A third of this territory is now under water.
According to scientists, most of the Sea of Azov was occupied by the Don delta with numerous islands. On one of these islands, the legendary Atlantis allegedly existed, which was swallowed up by the Sea of Azov as a result of the melting of glaciers 11-12 thousand years ago.
The researchers base on the description of the war between the Atlanteans and the Amazons, given in the writings of the Roman historian Diodorus of Siculus, since the Amazons lived on the shores of the Azov Sea.
Azores
According to some researchers, during the US Navy's submarine expeditions in the 1970s and 1990s, artifacts were found confirming the existence of Atlantis.
At 400 km from the Azores, at a depth of 1000 meters, American geologists found a dilapidated underwater temple with columns. This information was allegedly classified by the US special services.
Ampere and Josephine Mountains of the Horseshoe Archipelago - Azores
In the 1970s - 1980s, the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after P. P. Shirshov, 500 km west of Gibraltar, large-scale studies of two seamounts Ampere and Josephine of the Horseshoe Archipelago were carried out. According to Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor Alexander Gorodnitsky, who took part in the search for Atlandida, hundreds of photographs were taken, which captured man-made walls, steps, traces of masonry and arches of some stone structures.
Facts:
The study of a sample of basalt from the top of the mountain showed that such a rock could have formed only on land 12 thousand years ago, which is evidence of the existence of an archipelago at that time, stretching from the Azores to Gibraltar, where the ancient Greek philosopher Plato located the kingdom of the Atlanteans.
Bermuda Triangle
In 1991, the famous oceanographer Verlag Meyer announced that during a survey of the bottom of the famous Bermuda Triangle with the help of special equipment, at a depth of 600 meters, two giant pyramids were discovered, exceeding the size of the Egyptian pyramid of Cheops.
According to Meyer, according to the characteristics of the echoes, the surface of the structure is pyramidal, ideally smooth, made of a material similar to very thick glass or polished ceramics, the technology by which the pyramid is made is unknown to earthlings.
As the researchers write, the descendants of the Mayan shamans talk about the cities built in Yucatan by the Mayan ancestors who came from Bermuda. May meant Atlanta, they lived in the Diamond City in Bermuda, with a pyramid under water.
Bimini
In the 1930s and 1940s, the American clairvoyant Edgar Cayce predicted that the remains of the lost city of Atlantis would be found off the coast of Bimini in 1968-1969. In September 1968, seven hundred meters of neatly laid limestone blocks, dubbed "Bimini Road", were discovered offshore Paradise Point in North Bimini.
After 10 underwater archaeological expeditions, Dr. David Zink stated that the stones are megaliths in nature and were laid by people. Radiocarbon analysis of the rock showed 15 thousand years.
Facts:
In the marine mangrove forest that covers four miles of North Bimini, lies a healing grotto, a backwater at the end of a network of underground tunnels. During low tides, these channels enter the pool with fresh water enriched with mineral salts, containing lithium and sulfur, which contributes to the rejuvenation of the body.
What is it? A gift from Atlanteans to descendants?
Spain, Cadiz
Examining satellite images of southern Spain, German physicist Rainer Kuehne discovered two strange rectangular structures surrounded by several concentric circles near Cadiz, on the site of the Marisma de Jinojos salt swamps.
The plain could stretch from the southern coast of Spain to Seville, the Sierra Nevada and Sierra Morena served as "high mountains", where copper is mined (as Plato wrote). The expeditions of the Spaniard Diaz-Montesano, the German Richter and the Dane Bergman found ancient metal objects on the seabed near Cadiz.
In the north of Spain, washed by the Atlantic Ocean, there are about a million Basques. Their language is unlike any other, except partly the language of the American Indians. So maybe the Basques are direct descendants of the Atlanteans?
Japan, Yonaguni
In 1985, Japanese diving instructor Kihachiro Aratake discovered a pyramid and an amazing temple complex resting on the seabed off Yonaguni Island in the western part of the Japanese archipelago: wide flat platforms, rectangular and diamond patterns, intricate terraces, large steps. The wall goes down to a depth of 27 meters.
According to scientists, this complex could rise above the water surface at least 10 thousand years ago, when the water level in the world's oceans was 40 meters lower than the current one. The Japanese step pyramid is similar to the pyramid of Djoser in Egypt. The blocks are hewn and neatly laid in five steps into a ziggurat - a stepped pyramid. The side of the base of the pyramid is 180 meters, the height is 30 meters.
Geology professors Masaaki Kimura and Robert Shoh, who studied the underwater complex, believe that the mysterious five-stage structure was created artificially more than 10 thousand years ago, when the bottom in the area of the island was still dry, that is, at the end of the last ice age. By whom? Atlanteans?
Canary Islands
In February 2009, British naval engineer Bernie Bamford, using the Google Ocean program, using a combination of satellite imagery and the latest marine data, discovered a strange object that could represent the remains of a sunken continent or island.
The unusual structure is a rectangle consisting of a grid of intersecting lines that resemble traces of artificial structures, the relief of the ocean floor resembles the scheme of modern cities.
A mysterious object was found in the Canary Islands region. The depth in this place is more than 5.5 thousand meters, to the western coast of Africa 990 km.
Plato pointed out that Atlantis was located behind the Pillars of Hercules, that is, beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. From the territory discovered by Bamford, about 500 kilometers to the Canary Islands.
(Google representatives said the lines in the image appeared in connection with the work of sonars - devices for scanning the seabed. Scientists argue that the discovered site may be associated with the mysterious disappeared civilization Atlantis.)
Caribbean sea
In 2001, an expedition led by oceanologist Polina Zelitskaya explored the bottom of the Guanaacabibes Bay in the Caribbean Sea and at a depth of 670 meters discovered a city spread over an area of 40 square kilometers. It turned out to be a huge plateau with clear outlines, reminiscent of huge architectural structures in the form of pyramids, rectangles, huge balls made of processed granite blocks.
The underwater city is about 1500 years older than the pyramids of Egypt, while the seabed was dry land, and the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula was connected to Cuba. Megaliths are covered with inscriptions in an unknown language.
Celtic shelf
There is a hypothesis of Vyacheslav Kudryavtsev, a member of the Russian Geographical Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences, according to which Atlantis was located in the area of the Celtic shelf, south of England and Ireland, west of France.
Sahara
In 1930, the Dutch-German historian and mystic Wirth Hermann stated that Atlantis was swallowed up by the sands of the Sahara. It was located in Tunisia, in the Shott el-Jerid lowland, between the city of Nefta and the Gulf of Gabes. And a few years later, in one of the canyons of the Sahara - Tassili, they found stone images of elephants, rhinos, giraffes, hippos. The drawings are 7-10 thousand years old.
Mediterranean Sea, Cyprus
Traces of an ancient civilization were discovered by an expedition of the American scientist Robert Sarmast at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, 80 km southeast of the island of Cyprus, having studied the bottom with the help of sonar. Remains of ancient structures, canals and a river bed were discovered. From a depth of 1.5 kilometers, the ultrasonic echo sounder brought an image of a stone wall, which stretches for 3 kilometers and is crossed by another wall of the same kind.
Black Sea
The prototype of the legend about Atlantis could be the catastrophic rise in the level of the Black Sea, which occurred in the sixth millennium BC. During this Black Sea flood, the sea level is believed to have risen from 10 to 80 meters during the year due to the breakthrough of the Bosporus by Mediterranean waters.
Aegean Sea, Crete
The French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau, who studied the Aegean Sea, drew parallels between Plato's Atlantis and Crete.
Cousteau's investigations off the shores of Psira, Dokos and Diya prove that Crete was the ruler of the Eastern Mediterranean and traded with all the peoples of that region.
And the study of the underwater "amphora walls" suggested that the powerful power was destroyed by the tsunami wave caused by the explosion of the volcano on the island of Tyra.
Aegean Sea, Santorini
According to scientists, the civilization of Atlantis is identified with the Cretan-Minoan civilization. In 1500 - 1400 BC. e. there was a catastrophic eruption of the Strongile volcano on the island of Santorini in the Aegean Sea, after which the island split into several parts.
As legends say, gases, vapors, sand and dust rose 70 km, and the sound of explosions was heard in Singapore and Australia. Then a tsunami hit the shores of the nearest islands. The wave, the height of which reached 50-70 meters, circled the globe.
Drunvalo Melchizedek in his book "The Ancient Mystery of the Flower of Life" writes that "at the time when Atlantis existed, the Earth rotated in the opposite direction. The present north was in the south and vice versa. After the sinking of Atlantis, not only the poles shifted, but the Earth began to rotate in the opposite direction.
Nine thousand years lie between the era of Plato and the time of Atlantis. During this time, memories of proto-civilization have merged with later data on the death of states and continents.
Both ancient authors and modern Atlantologists wrote about Atlantis: Plato, Herodotus, Diodorus of Sicily, Aristotle, Pliny the Elder, Strabo, Nostradamus, Helena Blavatsky, Lobsang Rampa, Helena Roerich, Nicholas Roerich, Edgar Cayce, Thor Heyerdahl, James Churchward, Robert Temple, Graham Hancock, Drunvalo Melchizedek, Ernst Muldashev and many others.
Esotericists believe that the Atlantean culture underlies the mythology of all peoples known to us. Traces of an unknown civilization are forever imprinted in the pyramids of the Earth.
What will help humanity discover the secret of Atlantis? Found and hidden artifacts from us? Further searches and research? Or maybe the creation of new technologies, colliders or "wormholes" that allow a person to travel back in time and meet the inhabitants of the legendary Atlantis?
Author: Valentina Zhitanskaya