Author's expert report by Vladimir Mozhegov.
Godfathers from the Fed. Debut
In 1913, on the eve of the First World War, the Fed's banking structure emerged, with the help of which the warring parties were financed. The Fed and the banks associated with it in the aggregate constituted the main hub of world financial capital (not only American, but also German Warburgs, Coons and Lebs participated in its construction, Morgan, one of the leading flagships of the FRS, was a Rothschild man, etc. and etc.). The First World War was the most important stage in their achievement of internal cohesion and external domination.
In just one day of the war, the belligerent countries spent about $ 250 million (over 15 billion for today's money!). Taking into account that on the eve of the war, the annual national income of England and Germany was estimated at about 11 billion gold dollars, Russia - 7.5 billion, and France - 7.3 billion, it is not difficult to make sure that by the end of the first year of the war all the belligerent countries actually went bankrupt. Whatever the outcome of this war, there were the same winners - representatives of the aforementioned banking pool.
"To make the world safe for democracy" - the official goal of the war, announced by President Wilson, meant, first of all, the destruction of traditional empires that served as natural obstacles to the free flow of capital. This goal was brilliantly achieved during the war. It was the creators of the FRS who made up the retinue of Wilson's advisers at Versailles, where they became the architects of post-war Europe. In addition, important mondialist structures were created at the same time.
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However, the final goal - the formation of the World Government - was not achieved. Britain and France violently opposed these attempts, and the newly formed League of Nations turned out to be a rather pitiful instrument. The attempt to Bolshevize Europe, which was also conducted from Wall Street, also ended in failure. The uprising of the Spartacists in Berlin and Soviet Bavaria by Kurt Eisner failed. The communist regime of Bela Kun collapsed without receiving the support of the Hungarian workers. Finally, in 1920, Trotsky's Red Army, rushing towards Berlin, was defeated in the Battle of the Vistula and was thrown back from Poland's borders. As a result of the decisive actions of Marshal Piłsudski and the courageous militia of the Freikor, the February phase of the German revolution never turned into the October one.
Then the tactics of the international oligarchy change. In 1923, Germany, which began to pay monstrous reparations, plunges into the black abyss of hyperinflation. In November 1923, the gold mark was already worth a trillion paper marks, and the child mortality rate in the country reaches 20%. Germany is on the verge of complete collapse and chaos. To stop which was called the so-called "Dawes Plan", developed by the Morgan group. According to this plan, Germany was provided with a huge loan, with which the country could continue to pay reparations. At the same time, all the assets of Germany, its mechanical engineering, railways, banks, tax administration passed under the authority of "financial commissioners" Morgan. The Dawes Plan actually meant the “privatization” of Germany by American banking capital.
The result of hyperinflation and the subsequent "privatization" of the country was the turning of the German people into complete poverty, and the country itself - not even into a colony, but into something like a country hotel and brothel for overseas tourists. Luxurious hotels along the central streets of Berlin and Hamburg, in front of which were crowded with German children of both sexes who trade in prostitution, and around - an endless garbage desert with the impoverished, dying population swarming on it … This is how the "golden twenties" of the Weimar Republic began …
Jerusalem on the Frankish Jordan and the dress rehearsal of the Sexual Revolution
In the same year 1923, when Germany collapsed into the abyss of hyperinflation, the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute for Social Research) was organized at the University of Frankfurt am Main, later turned into the famous Frankfurt school, which was destined to become one of the main Think Tanks (factories of thought) of the youth revolution of the 60s.
The institute was founded by sociologist Friedrich Pollock and Felix Weil, the son of a wealthy Jewish merchant from Buenos Aires. Sent by his father to study in Europe at an early age, Weil became interested in Marxism, and in 1923 he funded the German conference Erste Marxistische Arbeitswoche (First Marxist Workweek), in which Georg Lukacs, Karl Korsch, Richard Sorge, Friedrich Pollock and Wittfogel other eminent Marxists. The success of the event inspired Weil, Pollock and his bosom friend Max Horkheimer to create a Marxist "thought factory" (the authorship of the very concept of "tank-sense" apparently belongs to Weil). In those years, sociology was treated as a Jewish science, Frankfurt am Main was called "Jerusalem on the Frankish Jordan," and the University of Frankfurt itself was considered a bastion of academic Marxists. Weil himself financed the whole project entirely with his father's money.
The Institute's research was based on the ideas of Gyorgy Lukacs (Lövinger), an active member of the Comintern, who was considered the most prominent theoretician of Marxism, and the Italian Antonio Gramsci, also an agent of the Comintern who worked in Vienna and Moscow. The essence of the revolutionary theory of Gramsci: a person of a new type must appear even before the victory of Marxism, and the seizure of political power must be preceded by the seizure of the "kingdom of culture." Thus, the preparations for the revolution must focus on intellectual expansion in the fields of education and culture. Moreover, the main task is to eradicate Christianity. After all, as long as Christianity is alive in the European worker, he will never become a Marxist to the end, Gramsci summed up.
Gramsci's countercultural ideas were not entirely new to Marxism. The triumph of proletarian culture demanded the destruction of all institutions of society, including religion, private property and the family. The ideas of women's emancipation and sexual freedom (the feminist activities of Rosa Luxemburg and Alexandra Kollontai) flowed from the very essence of Marxism. At first, the ideas of sexual freedom were widely promoted in Soviet Russia, abortions were legalized (Great Britain will grow to such a progressive law only in 1967, the United States in 1973), and the criminal article for homosexuality disappears. Members of the sexual reform league of the 1920s pointed to the USSR as a beacon of sexual freedom. However, times were rapidly changing: along with the Hungarian revolution of 1919, Lukács's sex education suffered a defeat,in the late 1920s, the Soviet regime also curtailed and tightened its policy in the field of proletarian morality. In general, the cavalry raid on traditional culture is choking.
Then Weimar Germany became the center of sexual experiments of Marxists. Along with American money, pornography poured into theaters, cinema, print and bookstores in Germany. Outright pornographic revues flooded the theaters. Sexology is suddenly becoming a fashionable and respectable science. The Berlin Institute for Sexual Research (Institut für Sexualwissenschaft) of Dr. Magnus Hirschfield is developing a vigorous activity to popularize all kinds of deviations. As mushrooms begin to grow, "experimental schools" with a Marxist bias and sexual education [1].
Even more shocking was the nocturnal aspect of the sexual revolution. Berlin at this time turns into the capital of debauchery. Mel Gordon, in the book "Panic of the Senses: The Erotic World of Weimar Berlin," alone has 17 types of prostitutes. Among them, child prostitution was especially popular. Children could be ordered by phone or at the pharmacy. Thomas Mann's son, Klaus, characterized this time in his memoirs: “My world, this world has never seen anything like it. We are used to having a first-class army. Now we have first-class perverts. " Stefan Zweig describes the realities of Weimar Berlin in the following way: “All over Kurfürstendamm, ruddy men stroll leisurely, and not all of them are professionals; every student wants to make money. (…) Even Rome Suetonius did not know such orgies as the ball of perverts in Berlin, where hundreds of men,dressed up as women, they danced under the favorable gaze of the police. There was some kind of madness in the collapse of all values. Young girls boasted of their promiscuity; to reach sixteen and be under suspicion of virginity was shameful …"
In 1932, Herbert Marcuse joined the Frankfurt School, who was destined to become the main spiritual guru of the "new left" revolution of the 60s (it was he who owns its main slogan "Make love, not war!"). Close to the teachings of the Frankfurt School were the ideas of Dr. Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957), also a staunch communist and student of Freud. In Weimar Germany, Reich was known for his network of “sexual hygiene clinics” (ie sex education) for German workers. In 1934, Reich's book "The Sexual Revolution" was published, which outlined the main formulas of the future world sex revolution: the widespread introduction of sex education; complete liberalization of contraception, abortion, divorce; emancipation of marriage (recognition of the fact of the legality of marriage as insignificant); refusal to punish criminals,sex offenders and their treatment by psychoanalytic techniques. All this was substantiated by the Freudian thesis about the liberation of culture from the yoke of "mental suppression".
By the 30s. the main direction of the Frankfurt School is the symbiosis of the ideas of Marx and Freud. Horkheimer, the new director of the institute, creates on the basis of this symbiosis his "Critical Theory", containing a total criticism of traditional European culture. In essence, Horkheimer calls for the destruction of any tradition, without offering anything new in return, for: the free society of the future will itself find the forms of its cultural organization … According to R. Raymond's exact thought, “the theory of criticism was essentially a destructive criticism of the basic elements of Western culture, including Christianity, capitalism, power, family, patriarchal way of life, hierarchy, morality, tradition, sexual restrictions, loyalty, patriotism, nationalism, inheritance, ethnocentrism, customs and conservatism "[2]
In 1933, members of the Frankfurt School, Wilhelm Reich and other advocates of sex education had to flee Germany. Having settled in the United States, at the turn of the 40-50-xx. they developed those concepts of cultural-marxism, multiculturalism and political correctness, which will become the ideological basis of the "youth revolution" of the 60s, and then the mainstream of neoliberalism. A modern Anglo-American author, writing under the pseudonym Lasha Darkmun, remarks: “What did the cultural Marxists take from Weimar Germany? They realized that the success of the sexual revolution requires slowness, gradualness. "Modern forms of submission," the Frankfurt School teaches, "characterizes gentleness." Weimar could not resist because the advance was too stormy. (…) Anyone who wants to boil frogs alive must bring them to a state of comatose stupor,put in cold water and cook to death as slowly as possible.
Sigmund Freud: Carthage against Rome
It is impossible not to see that all the leading ideological trends, movements of modern globalism are essentially moving towards one goal, each in its own way: Trotskyism through a permanent revolution, Freudianism through a sexual revolution, neoconsevatism through the seizure of political power, neoliberalism through the capture of the economy and finance, cultural marxism - through cultural domination, and mondialism - uniting all these discourses with a common ideological meaning. The Frankfurt school, Boasian anthropology (denying racial and national differences), the "family of New York intellectuals" (which controlled the cultural life of America in the 50s, on the eve of the counter-cultural revolution), as well as postmodern philosophy (after all, in fact, political Derrida's program is practically identical to that of the Frankfurt School).
Freud's next confession from his Interpretation of Dreams reveals to us the deep motivation behind his doctrine: “Hannibal was a favorite hero in my final school days. And when I first began to understand what it meant to belong to an alien race in high school, the figure of the Semitic general grew even more in my respect. In my youthful understanding, Hannibal and Rome symbolized the conflict between the resilience of Jewry and the organization of the Catholic Church."
The young Freud himself, apparently, dreamed of the role of the new Hannibal, designed to crush Rome. This "Hannibal fantasy" was one of the "driving forces" of my "mental life," he declares. Many authors writing about Freud note his hatred of Rome, the Catholic Church and Western civilization in general [3]. The work "Totem and Taboo" became for Freud nothing more than an attempt at psychoanalysis of Christian culture. At the same time, according to researchers Rothman and Eisenberg, Freud deliberately tried to hide his subversive motivation: the central aspect of Freud's theory of dreams is that rebellion against strong power should often be carried out with the help of deception, using an "innocent mask" [4]. The sympathies of Freudianism with Trotskyism are also obvious. Trotsky himself favored psychoanalysis [5].
To get rid of the European tradition, Freud "laid on the couch" Christian culture and deconstructed it step by step. It is remarkable that the psychoanalytic school itself, having all the signs of a totalitarian sect, slightly camouflaged as a science, did not particularly hide its political goals. In fact, all of Freudianism from beginning to end was an example of ideological fraud: how else can you call an attempt to reduce the entire variety of manifestations of human love to the sexual instinct, and all political, social world problems - to pure psychology? To declare, for example, such phenomena as nationalism, fascism, anti-Semitism and traditional religiosity - a neurosis, what have Freudians not tired of doing for over a hundred years?
This clearly reveals the direction of the further campaign of Freud's successors (such as Norman O. Brown, Wilhelm Reich, Herbert Marcuse), the essence of the writings of which boiled down to the statement that "if society can get rid of sexual restrictions, then human relations will be based on love and affection." … This thesis essentially collapses the entire philosophy of the countercultural revolution, the entire "hippie movement" that opens the door to sexual freedom, multiculturalism and, ultimately, the "dictatorship of political correctness." All the pseudoscientific chatter of Reich and Marcuse and their psychoanalytic claims turned out to be speculation aimed at fomenting war against white civilization and culture.
Propaganda as art
The modern American propaganda machine, as we know it, was born in the crucible of World War I. The most important names here are Walter Lippmann and Edward Bernays. Walter Lippmann is a curious person. We know him as one of the creators of the terms "public opinion" (book of the same name in 1922) and "Cold War" (book of the same name in 1947). In America, he bears the honorary title of "father of modern journalism." After graduating from Harvard, Lippmann took up political journalism, and already in 1916, was welcomed by banker Bernard Baruch and "Colonel" House, Wilson's closest advisers, to the headquarters of the president's team. Such a fast-paced career can be easily explained: Lippmann was the creator of the JP Morgan Chase banking house, which played a huge role in American politics.
In the presidential administration, Lippmann is entrusted with an important task: an urgent need to change the mood of American society from traditional isolationism towards the acceptance of war. It was Lippmann who recruited Edward Bernays, the nephew and literary agent Sigmund Freud and the inventor of PR [6], to this work, and in a few months his friends succeed in the almost impossible: with the help of sophisticated propaganda and colorful depictions of the fictional atrocities of the German army in Belgium, push the public opinion of America “into the abyss of mass military hysteria "…
Somewhat later, the friends had to admit their inventions and apologize to the Germans. The deed, however, was done. And the techniques and techniques tested during the war were used again. After all, if you can sell fear, horror and hatred, then, just as well, influencing human instincts, you can sell ordinary goods! In this way they created what is known today as Madison Avenue - a world army of advertisers with their sophisticated techniques of influencing the subconscious of the masses, forcing them to buy and consume. Bernays' classic achievement in this sense: creating, at the request of tobacco corporations, a fashion for female smoking and promoting the feminist movement.
Already under President Hoover (1929-1933), the idea of a "consumer society" took the place of the official American doctrine: the masses should be permanently stimulated to develop desires corresponding to the goods and services that capital offers. This is the key to economic progress, this is how a dynamic and stable society of governed democracy will be created.
And after World War II, Freudianism will stand guard over democracy. Sigmund Freud's daughter, Anna Freud, the permanent guru of the Freudian movement in America, was convinced of the role of psychoanalysis as an ideal tool for controlling and manipulating human consciousness. Psychoanalysis must control the essence of a person so that he never becomes a fascist, but always remains a democrat, she believed. What did this mean in practice? Defending democracy against a “white heterosexual man” committed to traditional culture.
Neoliberalism became the central ideology of Mondialism. (By mondialism we mean the idea of uniting the world under the rule of a single world government. Neoliberalism is the economic component of the ideology of mondialism). For the first time the term neoliberalism sounded at a meeting of liberal intellectuals organized in Paris in August 1938, and brought together European economists who are hostile to all forms of state interference in economic life. The meeting, which took place under the slogan: to defend liberal freedom from socialism, Stalinism, fascism and other forms of state coercion and collectivism, was called the "Colloquium of Walter Lippmann." The formal subject of the meeting was a discussion of Lippmann's book "The Good Society" (The Good Society, 1937) - a kind of manifesto declaring collectivism to be the beginning of the beginning of all sin.lack of freedom and totalitarianism.
At the same time, at the end of World War I, Lippmann, behind the scenes of the Versailles Conference, participates in the creation of the Anglo-American Institute for International Relations, a structure (like the Council on Foreign Relations, which was born at the same time), designed to become the center of influence of the financial elite on Anglo-American politics. These are, in fact, the first axial structures of mondialism and neoliberalism.
By the end of the 20th century, the results of neoliberal reforms around the world are more than impressive. The total wealth of the 358 richest people in the world (only according to official data, which, of course, is far from the present state of affairs) equaled the total income of the poorest part of the world's population (2.3 billion people). The world financial elite, step by step, approached its main goal - the victory of the ideas of mondialism, the destruction of national states, state borders and the creation of a world government, which one of their ideologues Zbigniew Brzezinski directly writes about. Cultural-Marxism serves exactly the same purposes. For the advancement of the neoliberal revolution, a field is needed, freed from traditional cultures, traditional morality, traditional values.
At this point we come close to the main semantic core and content of the revolution of the sixties. However, before moving on to its immediate events and participants, we must glance at another cradle of the revolution - the history of American Trotskyism, from which many meanings and heroes of the future (countercultural) revolution emerged.
The right hand of mondialism
As the founder and leader of his own Socialist Workers' Party, Max Shachtman stood at the origins of the 4th (Trotskyist) International. By the end of the 30s, among Shachtman's students, we already see such important figures in the neocon world as Irving Kristol, a member of the 4th International in 1940, and Jeane Jordan Kirkpatrick, also a member of Shachtman's Socialist Workers Party. in the future - Advisor on International Politics in the Reagan Cabinet.
At the turn of 1939-40. In the midst of radical Trotskyism, an unexpected turn takes place: Shachtman, together with another notable Trotskyist intellectual, Professor of New York University James Burnham (who grew up in an Irish Catholic family, but "seduced" into Trotskyism), declares the impossibility of further supporting the USSR, leaves the 4th International and the SWP, taking with them about 40% of its members, and having founded a new left party, announces the need to look for a "third way" in the left movement. James Burnham declares that now that the USSR is pursuing an imperialist policy (the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the USSR's invasion of Poland and Finland), it is necessary to deny him any support.
And the dreamy eyes of Shachtman and Co. turn to the United States as the greatest state on the planet, the only one capable of protecting Jews from Stalin and Hitler. Thus began a new path of degenerating Trotskyism. By 1950, Shachtman finally rejected revolutionary socialism and stopped calling himself a Trotskyist. A righteous former Trotskyist who is embarking on a path is welcomed by the CIA and influential forces in the American establishment. Shachtman enters into closer contact with left-wing intellectuals, Dwight MacDonald and the Partisan Review group, becoming a sort of rallying point for New York Intellectuals. Together with Shachtman, the Partisan Review also evolved, becoming more and more anti-Stalinist and anti-fascist. In the 1940s. the magazine begins to popularize Freudianism and the philosophers of the Frankfurt School, and thusturns to the preparatory organ of the future counter-cultural revolution [7].
In the 1960s, Shachtman moved closer to the Democratic Party. And in 1972, shortly before his death, already as an open anti-communist and a supporter of the Vietnam War, he supported Senator Henry “Scoopy” Jackson, a hawk-democrat, a great friend of Israel and an enemy of the USSR. Senator Jackson becomes the gateway to big politics for future neocons. Douglas Faith, Abram Shulski, Richard Pearl, and Paul Wolfowitz start out as assistants to Senator Jackson (all of whom will occupy key positions in the Bush administration). Jackson will become the teacher of future neocons in big politics. Jackson's credo: one must not negotiate with the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union must be destroyed - henceforth, it will become the main credo of future neocons.
So, as Leon Trotsky once sailed from America with an open loan from Jacob Schiff to make a revolution in Russia, so now his former followers were preparing to make a revolution in the United States itself, and torpedo the failed experiment in the East. The former Trotskyists, who had changed their ideological attitudes so drastically, obviously needed a new philosophical justification for their struggle. They needed a spiritual teacher to replace Marx and Trotsky. And they soon found such a teacher in the person of the esoteric philosopher Leo Strauss (1899-1973). This man still has an ambiguous reputation in various circles as a villainous philosopher and “Jewish Hitler”. And this reputation is associated precisely with the neocons (behind which the nickname leokons, that is, the followers of Leo Strauss, even took root).
Like Shachtman's disciples, Strauss was horrified by European fascism, and especially Hitlerism (in Hitler's "Aryanism" there is no intelligible meaning other than the denial of Jewishness - his word). And then there was a disgust for liberal democracy, the result of which, in essence, was National Socialism. Strauss's conclusion is unambiguous: Western civilization must be protected from itself. But how? With the moral decay and hedonism that liberalism leads to, Western democratic regimes are doomed. The world can be saved by the “highest truth”, which consists in nothing else but the knowledge of the nihilistic essence of the world. Proceeding from this paradigm, Strauss, first, comes to a denial of democracy: in no case can the masses be trusted, much less trust them with any "democratic" levers of power. And secondly, to the denial of liberalism:the masses should never be allowed to disintegrate in hedonism or Hamlet's doubts, as liberal dogma suggests. "The political order can only be stable if it is united by an external threat." If there is no external threat, it should be fabricated. For how else can a liberal democracy respond to the challenge of totalitarian regimes? Democracies must be ready to answer, and, therefore, the masses must be constantly kept in good shape, frightening them with the image of the enemy and preparing for a big war. It is necessary to return to the ideals of “noble lie”, without a minimum dose of which no society is viable [8]. If there is no external threat, it should be fabricated. For how else can a liberal democracy respond to the challenge of totalitarian regimes? Democracies must be ready to answer, and, therefore, the masses must be constantly kept in good shape, frightening them with the image of the enemy and preparing for a big war. It is necessary to return to the ideals of “noble lie”, without a minimum dose of which no society is viable [8]. If there is no external threat, it should be fabricated. For how else can a liberal democracy respond to the challenge of totalitarian regimes? Democracies must be ready to answer, and, therefore, the masses must be constantly kept in good shape, frightening them with the image of the enemy and preparing for a big war. It is necessary to return to the ideals of “noble lie”, without a minimum dose of which no society is viable [8].
Strauss does not even limit himself to this, and declares that the elite is not bound by any moral obligations to the "silent herd" it controls. Everything should be allowed to her in relation to the latter. Its only priority should be to retain power and control the masses, whose bridles and reins should be false values and ideals designed to prevent the unwanted course of events. Strauss is also the author of the idea of constructive chaos. “The secret elite comes to power through wars and revolutions. To maintain and secure its power, it needs constructive (controlled) chaos aimed at suppressing all forms of resistance,”he says. (Later his disciples, the neocons, coined the term “creative destruction” to justify the bombing of Middle Eastern cities and the destruction of unwanted states).
The philosopher did not seem to say anything that would be contrary to the traditional Puritan morality that nurtured American society and American statehood. Strauss's teaching boiled down to the same, in essence, ideas and ideals that John Calvin and his Puritan followers preached (or simply silently implemented): the world is divided into a handful of those chosen by God (the sign of their chosenness is material well-being) and other mass of the rejected … As the godfather of neoconservatism, Irving Kristall, rightly noted, unlike all other varieties of right-wing ideas in the US, neoconservatism is a "distinctly American" ideology, an ideology with an "American bone."
Professor Drone, in the words of Strauss himself, formulates their quintessence as follows: “There are several circles of students, and the less dedicated are suitable, but for a different purpose; to our closest students we pass on the subtleties of teaching outside the text, in the oral tradition, quite almost secretly. […] We bring up several issues, all initiates constitute a kind of sect, help each other with a career, making it themselves, keep the teacher informed. […] In a few decades, “ours” take power in the most powerful country in the world without a single shot”[9].
The influence of the neocons, as (in fact) neo-Trotskyists, on the American establishment can hardly be overestimated. Even Republican George W. Bush, who seems to be far from leftism, in 2005 calls for a global democratic revolution, in which he is likened to left-wing globalists. It was precisely her necessity that he justified the intervention in Iraq, as well as support for various "color revolutions".
Powder charge in the center of the world
In the title of this chapter, Ernst Bloch is quoted as saying: "Music is a powder charge at the center of the world." But why exactly did music become the center, the spirit, the heart of the countercultural revolution? Why did the previous revolutions, wave after wave, blow after blow hitting the traditional Christian world, have a religious (Luther, Calvin), political (Marx, Lenin, Trotsky) meaning, and music became the spiritual core of the last revolution of consciousness? This question could be answered like this: music is the primordial foundation of culture. Music is akin to architecture. According to Pushkin, “music is inferior to love alone. But love is also a melody …”Any true religion is full of music, it is the life of religion, its living soul.
Finally, music is the most multicultural, international of all arts, requiring neither words, nor meanings, nor images: an ideal potion of strength in the magical art of pandemonium … Religion, philosophy, poetry, even politics are turned to consciousness, to the heart, and therefore are too complex … Music is addressed to the most ancient, deepest beginnings of the world and man, their most molten magmas, to where “there is only rhythm” and where “only rhythm is possible” … A pop hit instantly flies around the globe, getting stuck in millions of heads, imposing itself millions of languages. Music has a mild hypnotic effect, inspiring a person with stable emotional states, which, when repeated, easily reappear. And emotional habits eventually become part of the character.
Theodor Adorno was the man whose work paved the way for the countercultural revolution of the 1960s. Therefore, let's take a closer look at this person. Theodor Adorno (Wiesengrund) was born on September 11, 1903 in Frankfurt am Main. At the University of Frankfurt, he studied philosophy, musicology, psychology and sociology. There he also met Max Horkheimer and Alban Berg, a student of the modernist composer Arnold Schoenberg. Returning to Frankfurt, he became interested in Freudianism and since 1928 has already actively collaborated with Horkheimer and the Institute for Social Research. As a pupil of Schoenberg and an apologist for the “New Vienna School,” Adorno was the main theoretician of the “New Art” at the Frankfurt School.
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) invented his own system of "12-tone music", rejecting the classical, created by the old church and traditional European school. That is, he discarded the classical seven-step scale, subordinated to the dominant power, with its traditional (minor and major) octaves, replacing them with an atonal twelve-step "series" in which all sounds were equal and equal. It was truly an epoch-making revolution!
The traditional musical notation, as we know it, was invented by the Florentine monk Guido d'Arezzo (990-1160), giving each sign of the music staff a name associated with the words of the prayer to John the Baptist:
(UT) queant laxis
(RE) sonare fibris
(MI) ra gestorum
(FA) muli tuorum
(SOL) ve polluti
(LA) bii reatum, (Sa) ncte Ioannes
Translated from Latin: "So that your servants can sing your wonderful deeds with their voices, cleanse the sin from our discredited lips, O Saint John." In the 16th century, the syllable ut was replaced by a more convenient singing do (from Lat. Dominus - Lord). At the same time, during the first Gnostic revolution of the Renaissance, for the sake of the new fashion, the names of the notes changed: Do - Dominus (Lord); Re - rerum (matter); Mi - miraculum (miracle); Fa - familias planetarium (family of planets, i.e. solar system); Sol - solis (Sun); La - lactea via (Milky Way); Si - siderae (heaven). But the new names, as we can see, emphasized the harmonious hierarchy of the scale, in which each note was entitled not only to its place in the scale hierarchy, but also to its place of honor in the general hierarchy of the cosmos.
Schoenberg's twelve-tone system, which the maestro called “dodecaphony” (from the Greek δώδεκα - twelve and Greek φωνή - sound), denied any hierarchy, euphony and harmony, recognizing only the absolute equality of “series” of “twelve correlated tones”. Roughly speaking, there were no more octaves, no white or black keys in Schoenberg's grand piano - all the sounds were equal. Which, undoubtedly, was very democratic.
It is obvious that the communist Adorno liked the Schönberg revolution. However, his thought went much further than the thought of Schoenberg, who left no philosophical interpretation of his system. Twelve-tone music, Adorno assured his reader, freed from the principle of domination and submission. Fragments, dissonances - this is the language of an earthly person, exhausted from the depressing meaninglessness of being … If the old music was the "language of angels" and sought to "transform passions", then the new one - became the voice of the "unenlightened suffering" of a little man, each "suffering unit", her pain and horror. All the same, the previous hierarchies, as not meeting the aspirations of the individual, demanded, according to Adorno, abolition. Music in the vision of our philosopher turned out to be a kind of "social code: this is the only area where a person can grasp the present, present,that can last. Therefore, it is music that is given to break frozen forms, “destroy the completeness” of social life, “blow up” that “hardened” society, which is only a “cabinet of curiosities imitating life”.
In the USA, Adorno writes with Horkheimer, Dialectics of Enlightenment, "the blackest book of critical theory." The entire Western civilization (including the Roman Empire and Christianity) was declared in this book to be clinical pathology and presented as an endless process of personality suppression and the loss of individual freedom. Since it was impossible to publish such a frankly anti-Christian book in the then USA, it was published in Amsterdam in 1947, but remained, however, almost unnoticed. However, on the wave of the youth revolution of the 60s, it found a second life, actively spreading among the rebellious students, and in 1969 it was finally reissued, becoming the actual program of the student movement and neo-Marxism.
In 1950, The Authoritarian Personality was published, a book that was destined to become a real battering ram in the hands of the left-liberal forces in their campaigns to combat "racial discrimination" and other "prejudices" of the American right. Adorno reduced the entire complexity of political, historical, social issues to pure psychologism: an "authoritarian personality" (ie a fascist) is generated by the traditional upbringing of an authoritarian family, church and state, which suppress its freedom and sexuality. White peoples were asked to destroy all their cultural, national, family ties and turn into a low-organized rabble, and all sorts of outcasts and minorities (blacks, feminists, renegades, Jews) to take the reins of government: we have in front of us an ideology of hippies, which is actually ready for use or the foundations of the ideology of political correctness, as we know it today. The rebellion of children against their parents, sexual freedom, disregard for social status, a sharply negative attitude towards patriotism, pride in their race, culture, nation, family - everything that will be vividly expressed in the revolution of the 60s will already be clearly stated in “The Authoritarian Personality ".
Let us ask further: is there anything stable in Adorno's world, among all his cries of “unenlightened suffering” that make up the main narrative of the endless waterfall of texts? Undoubtedly, this is the fear of "fascism", as the primary source of all permanent hysterics. After all, - and this horrifying conclusion he had to inevitably draw - without exception, the entire European cultural tradition gives rise to fascism. So, if it is impossible for a normal person to read Adorno's books due to their utter absurdity, it is not difficult for a normal person to determine their "assemblage point" pulsing with a red warning light: this is fear that engenders hatred of classical European culture: the Catholic Church, the Roman Empire, the Christian state, the traditional family, national organizations that must be deconstructed once and for all so that "this cannot happen again."Deconstructed including (and perhaps in the first place) and with the help of new avant-garde music. After all, if the National Socialists managed to build an empire, inspired by the dramatic canvases of Wagner, why not build a new wonderful world, guided by the ideas of Schoenberg? [10]
The chaos of "unenlightened" atoms - that is, in essence, all that should have remained from the big bang of classical culture and civilization in the world, in which the new aesthetics triumphed. However, totally deconstructing Christian culture and classical tradition ("the language of angels"), Adorno sings the music of modernity in the person of his native "new Viennese school", which gave nothing more than the recreation of "sounds of the divine name" and " language ". In other words, abolishing the Christian tradition with its “speculative triad”, Adorno immediately takes the thundering cavalcade of his philosophy to the notions of Kabbalah. However, for our “Jewish sect” (as the famous Jewish traditionalist Gershom Scholem christened the Frankfurt school caustically) this was more the rule than the exception.
In general, our world is strangely arranged. The terrorist who detonated the bomb in the subway is caught by the police, condemned by society and newspapers. The terrorist, who is planting the bomb under the entire universe as a whole, is shaking hands with the presidents of the states that he was going to demolish, and the scientific communities extol him as an important philosopher and humanist …
So, by the beginning of the 60s, everything was ready for a countercultural explosion: the dig was completed, the explosives were laid, the wires were connected. The last thing remained: to give birth to an actual philosopher who could spiritually lead the youth revolution (which the Frankfurt School did in the person of Herbert Marcuse, the intellectual banner of the new left) and find something that could unite all new revolutionaries everywhere in the world. That is, the music that could become a real "social cipher" for all children who decided to break with their parental world, blowing up the hardened society, all this "cabinet of curiosities imitating life": new hot music that would become the last bomb planted under this world … And, of course, such music did not take long to appear.
Sixty-eighth or First Orange
The phenomenon of the 68th does not fit into the usual framework, bulges and crawls out of any context with its edges. Student unrest, which began at the University of Berkeley (California) with the movement of students for free speech in 1964, like a wildfire engulfed all US universities, and then spread to Europe (West Germany, Sweden, Italy, France) and even Japan … At the same time, America is shaken by black riots, Spain, Great Britain, France - workers' strikes … And everywhere - fires, barricades, hand-to-hand clashes with the police, "Molotov cocktails", etc. … And all this is happening against the backdrop of unprecedented economic growth in the United States (where in the first half of 60 -x unemployment fell to a record level, while the gross national product, on the contrary, showed a record growth of 4-6% per year), and in Europe … [11]
But that's not all. Guerrilla wars are raging in Vietnam, Guatemala and Angola, wars in the Middle East, riots in Latin America, Australia, Asia. At the same time, the world is experiencing the onset of Islam and the Islamization of the Negro population of the States, the spread of Buddhism, Hindu sects, neo-paganism, Satanism and neo-spiritualism in Europe and the USA, the explosive growth of all kinds of religious and political groups, including terrorist ones, around the world …
It is clear that attempts to put this whole kaleidoscope into a single stable picture gives rise to bewilderment: it seems that the whole world has gone mad, and for all the reasons at once. The events of red Paris in May seem to be only the brightest manifestation, the culmination of all this madness. Try to find a foothold in that epicenter of chaos, which is any revolution, in particular, inspired by slogans like: "all power to the imagination" and "Je veux dire quelque chose mais je sais pas quoi" ("I want to say something, but I I don’t know what”). Moreover, the process, as it became known then, is more important than the result - a discovery that was not neglected later by our Perestroika and Glasnost, who suggested going somewhere, starting to do something, but did not presuppose a clear goal of these movements. Finally,irritation evokes the contrast between the blatant frivolity (some infantile students, Che Guevara, Mao and Trotsky, slogans like: "No exams!", "Everything is fine: twice two is not four", "Everything - and immediately!") and its serious result. All this would be nice if it were really just a carnival, a performance, a happening, an adaptation of the "Holiday of Disobedience" and "Bad Advice". However, the performance is good! 10 million strikers, barricades in the streets, the Stock Exchange is on fire, the authorities are confused, the president is leaving the country …spectacle! 10 million strikers, barricades in the streets, the Stock Exchange is on fire, the authorities are confused, the president is leaving the country …spectacle! 10 million strikers, barricades in the streets, the Stock Exchange is on fire, the authorities are confused, the president is leaving the country …
The simplest explanation for the scale of what is happening is probably as follows: the world at that time became truly global, as the media, TV, the international banking system and the economy made it (including the processes of European unification: ECSC, Common Market, etc.). The American professor William McNeill notes that in the 1960s, for the first time in 10 thousand years of our civilization, the number of townspeople exceeded the number of peasants on the planet. In the United States, the number of universities in the thirty post-war years has grown from 40 to 600, in France, over the same time, the number of people with higher education - from 3% to 20%. A similar picture was observed in the USSR. A sharp increase in the educational qualification plus the availability of information (a pop hit, like a satellite instantly flying around the world), plus a sharp increase in the number of young people (a consequence of baby boom,post-war surge in the birth rate) - these are the first conditions of the revolution.
At the same time, the world, which suddenly became global, began to lose the spiritual foundation that still unites it. The Second Vatican Council (1962-65) was essentially a total surrender of the Catholic Church to the spirit of liberalism. Catholic institutions, which until now held the world as in a kind of spiritual framework, suddenly weakened dramatically and the world began to move … Or, better to say, began to slide into chaos. The latter, of course, does not explain everything, but, in any case, a lot: a tsunami of sectarianism of all kinds, the expansion of Islam and Hindu sects, neo-paganism and the New Age, the success of the sexual revolution, feminism, a sharp weakening of censorship, as a result of which America and the rest of the world flooded with pornography, the 1965 Migration Act, which unleashed a flood of migrants of color on the United States,recognition of the normality of homosexuality in 1973 (after an unprecedented attack by the homosexual lobby, which began with the Stonewall riots of 1969) …
Herbert Marcuse … It was his books, and above all "Eros and Civilization" (1955), which gained enormous popularity among student circles in the mid-60s. In Eros and Civilization, the ideological finisher of the Frankfurt School transposed the philosophy of Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, designed for the cultural elite, into a language understandable to baby boomers (that is, freshmen of American universities in 1968): “do what you enjoy "," Never force yourself to go to work "," make love, not war. " In these and similar uncomplicated formulas, into which Marcuse translated the main developments of the Frankfurt School, Freudian-Marxism reached the most primitive consciousness of a student who had just learned to read. The sirens of Eros and Civilizations by Marcuse sang their sweet songs right into the ears of the baby boomers. Personality,which is generated by the existing order of things, there is an oppressed person, a person with raised hands, tortured by neuroses, since her sexuality is suppressed by the state, the church and the authoritarian family. In the bright future towards which we are heading, we will eliminate the existing order of oppression. We will free Eros, we will release Libido, in our wonderful new world of "polymorphic depravity" everyone will do only what he wants; there will be no work in it, we will only play …in our wonderful new world of "polymorphic depravity" everyone will do only what they want; there will be no work in it, we will only play …in our wonderful new world of "polymorphic depravity" everyone will do only what they want; there will be no work in it, we will only play …
Today, of course, we cannot but be amazed by the aggressive primitivism of the key book of the youth revolution of the 60s. Marcuse's books hit the hearts of the kids from the outskirts of the industrial centers of America: your bourgeois fathers are one-dimensional dullards, the belch of a society of suppression. But you know the secret of "libido", and therefore you are the elite ("hippie" - knowing). And the kids listened, mouths open, libido dripping and falling out of the convergent society. If Allen Ginsberg was a living leader, dragging the discordant crowds of the new left with him (Karlo Marx - as Jack Kerouac called him), then Marcuse became their main spiritual mentor. In 1965, a poll of the leaders of the new left showed the enormous popularity among them of Paul Goodman and Marcuse in comparison with Marx and the left of the old school (too, of course, too complicated and boring).
In Marcuse's books, of course, there were more specific program settings. For example, the continuation of Trotsky's ideas about black and other racial minorities as the main potential of the communist revolution in the United States. Actually, this was the main thesis of Marcuse: black and other minorities, immigrants from the Third World, marginalized, feminists, LGBT people should become the new proletariat of a new cultural revolution, directed “against the entire cultural establishment, including against the morality of the existing society ". Not only a radical reassessment of values, not only the removal of all taboos (and primarily sexual ones), but also a "linguistic protest", that is, "turning" all meanings upside down, as he wrote in his Essay on Liberation. … The preaching of the "great refusal" Marcuse called for the renunciation of all the achievements of the white civilization. After all, it is whites who are guilty of world exploitation! And, above all, the exploitation of minorities. The main weapon in the struggle against the white world and civilization should be the liberation of "the powerful, primitive power of sex from all civilizational restrictions."
French Ginsburg, Marcuse and Abby Hoffman (the leader of the American Yippies) were Jean-Paul Sartre, Jean-Luc Godard and the little red-haired leader of the Paris rioters - Daniel Cohn-Bendit. The revolution began when Denia (who called himself the leader of the "movement for sexual freedom") demanded that the Minister of Education, speaking in Nanterre, free access to women's hostels. In fact, what could be more urgent for a student at the age of eighteen than the problem of his admission to the women's hostel? ("Sex is wonderful! Mao Tse-tung" is one of the model slogans of the Sorbonne). On the other hand, compared to the protests that followed Dani's expulsion from the university, the barely ten millionth three-week strike of French workers for a 10% pay raise looked more serious (“Be realistic, demand the impossible!"- another slogan of the revolutionary Paris).
The fact that a handful of youngsters armed with an excess of hormones and slogans like "it is forbidden to forbid", "anarchy is me", "orgasm is here and now!" almost managed to rip a solid European country into revolution - is one of the amazing phenomena of the 68th, perhaps even the main one. On the other hand, the events of May 68 could not develop into a full-scale uprising. Foreplay, stimulation and erection - that's what Jean-Paul Sartre at the Sorbonne or Herbert Marcuse at Berkeley. This was followed by an outburst of positive energy, after which the revolution inevitably languished … The riot, like a steppe fire, in the blink of an eye captured tens of thousands of youths (and then millions of striking workers raised by trade unions), dried up just as untimely and suddenly.
One stern, short (four minutes) speech of De Gaulle on May 30 was enough to put an end to the outrage. One single confident movement of the father of the nation (pulling not even a pistol from a holster, but a belt from his general's pants) was enough to stop this joyful orgy of "children of Marx and Coca-Cola" (expression of Jean-Luc Godard) and save common sense at the same time with civilization.
However, on May 13, when a general strike began in France, the red-haired Danya and his friends were already relaxing on the Atlantic coast in Saint-Nazaire (which comically corresponds to another slogan of the revolutionaries: "under the cobblestones - the beach!"). The first Orange, the first "social networks" of which were the films of Jean-Luc Godard, the pamphlets of Jean-Paul Sartre, and, of course, "sex, drugs, rock and roll" ("three beginnings and three components" of the counterculture of the 60s), ended with what it should have ended … As a result, 75% (!) of the French voted for the Gaullists in the parliamentary elections - an amazing result. In the United States, Senator George Wallace, an independent candidate running for the presidency under the slogan of segregation, received nearly 10 million votes. And the election of the 68th was won by the Republican Richard Nixon under the slogan "Law and Order." Not,the conservative world was not going to go crazy after a handful of drugged youngsters and voted for law and order.
But the virus "sixty-eight" continued to grind the decrepit body of the world. And not by rolling like that, the "sixty-eighths" (soixante-huitards, "guys of the 68th", as they are called in France) won. In February 1969, when de Gaulle put forward to a popular referendum the reform of the Senate, which he had promised back in May 1968, announcing in advance that if he lost, he would leave, he kept his word. De Gaulle was not finished off by the "sixties-eighths", he (for all his previous grave sins) was finished off by old, conservative ideas about decency and morality.
By the end of the 60s, the "Theory of Criticism" of the Frankfurt School, carefully developed in many directions ("matriarchy theory", abolishing the idea of the traditional family with a dominant father; "androgynous theory", representing man and woman as socially imposed roles and replacing them with unisex; " theory of personality "," theory of power "," theory of sexuality "," racial theory "," theory of law "," theory of literature ", etc.) won confident victories. To quote the title of The Beatles' song, "with a little help from my friends" (which means: the left-wing liberal press, the mondialist lobby, the PR offices of Madison Avenue, the sect of "New York intellectuals" that controls the cultural world of the United States, beatnik, hippie, novolevo -student, Freudian, Boasian, feminist, racial, LGBT movements, existentialist and postmodern philosophies, etc.and so on. and so on) the theories of the Frankfurt School and the countercultural practices that follow from them managed to achieve dominance in almost all areas.
Messiah is more popular than Jesus
Imagine that there is no heaven, // no hell below us, // that there is only heaven above us … // Imagine that all people // live for today … // Imagine that the world is no longer // divided into countries // and there is nothing worth dying for // or being killed, // that there are no more religions // that all people are equal and live in the world … // Imagine that there is no more property, // no greed, no hunger, // that everyone became brothers … // You say that I am a dreamer, // but join us // and the world will become like this …
"Imagine" ("Imagine") was written by Lennon in 1971, after the breakup of The Beatles, but this song can be called the quintessence of the message of the rock revolution of the sixties. Lennon himself called it the communist manifesto (making a reservation, however, that he was not a communist himself). All the nonsense, all the unrealizable fantasies, all the technologies for processing the consciousness of Freud, Reich, Adorno, Marcuse, Paul Goodman and other masters of the 60s thoughts are reflected in this hymn of the hairy generation (and the real manifesto of multiculturalism, globalism and political correctness, as we know them today) fully. The song could well become the anthem of today's US Democratic Party or a future world government.
The image of John Lennon as the Big Brother of the future neoliberal totalitarianism looks a little creepy, but it seems pretty accurate. On Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, Imagine is ranked third. The American professional publication Performing Songwriter calls it “the best song of all time”. Former US President Jimmy Carter claimed that "in many countries around the world that he visited," you can hear "Imagine" almost as often as national anthems. " Finally, in May 2009, the melody of this apologetically atheistic hymn was performed on the bells of Liverpool Cathedral …
The content of the song is complete infantilism, a real kindergarten, designed for people deprived of any historical memory, notion of ontological reality, and just reason. Let us note, by the way, that this and similar well-behaved lullabies of minds sterile in all respects, as if they had just come out of a test tube (obviously, the result of "electro-refreshing acid tests" of the 60s) is the creation of a person who is clearly not alien to the messianic complex, who spoke in 1966 in an interview with the Evening Standard newspaper that rock and roll will outlast the dying Christianity.
In England, this attack was deafened. However, when five months later, before a new tour in the USA, the American youth magazine Datebook brought Lennon's words to the front page, with an announcement on the cover, in pious America at that time (not in New York, of course, but in the so-called “biblical belt ") they caused a real scandal. Serious threats rained down on the Beatles (for example, before the concert in Cleveland, an unknown person called and said that Lennon would be killed at the concert). More than twenty radio stations in the South have refused to broadcast the Beatles. Epstein even wanted to cancel the tour, and only the threat of a forfeit of a million dollars made him decide … The fatal phrase caught up with Lennon on December 8, 1980, in the form of a young fanatic Mark Chapman, who, as is known for certain, was outraged precisely by his remark “We are more popular than Jesus” …His songs "God" and "Imagine" revolted him even more. At the trial, he claimed that he loved to sing the latter with the modified text: "Imagine John Lennon dead" ("Imagine that John Lennon is dead …").
There is also an opinion that the Jewish media deliberately fanned the scandal in order to cover up another incautious phrase by John, which sounded at about the same time: "Show business is a branch of the Jewish religion." Be that as it may, in the minds of teenagers, children from still godly white families, institutionalized Christianity was crushed in the course of the hippie revolution. In Russia, it happened somewhat differently, which is understandable: the Soviet establishment professed atheism. Consequently, the revolution against him often took the form of a return to religious tradition. In the very names of the first Soviet rock groups, this pathos of returning to the roots sounds: "St. Petersburg", "Skomorokhi", "Patriarchal Exhibition". (However, not without a typical Russian religious madness: the sad story of Kolya Vasin and his "Temple of John Lennon".)
Recently I came across a snapshot: Easter in New York in the 1950s, skyscrapers illuminated by crosses of luminous windows … It is absolutely impossible to imagine such a thing today. And this, too, is the result of the countercultural revolution. Yes, John himself, as we have already noted, was no stranger to the messianic complex. Pete Shotton, a close friend of John, recounted how on May 18, 1968, having called McCartney, Harrison and Starr to a meeting at Apple Corps, John, apparently under a fair amount of acid, declared that he was the reincarnation of Christ and demanded the release of an official Press release. “I must tell you something very important. I am Jesus Christ. I'm back again …”After John's unexpected confession, the meeting was adjourned for lunch. After lunch, Lennon was apparently released, the topic was closed and no longer returned to it.
When in 1969, Andrew Lloyd Webber offered Lennon the role of Christ in the opera Jesus Christ Superstar, Lennon refused, noting, however, that if Yoko Ono were offered the role of Mary Magdalene, he would have thought. It is clear that the rock'n'roll rebels from the Anglican (John and Ringo) and Roman Catholic (Paul and George) families did not favor formalized religion and were typical agnostics. Which, in general, was required. In the United States, young people were still Christian. Elvis Presley, conservative in his convictions, criticized the Beatles precisely for their excessive hypocrisy.
And, of course, it was John who became the icon, the messianic face of the new post-religion, three sources and three components of which - sex, drags, rock'n'roll - became the inspiration of the generation of the 60s. John was not, of course, a puppet, he was a strong personality and quite independent. Probably, he could tell a lot about the background of what was happening in the 60s, and, probably, many breathed a sigh of relief when he was gone. Moreover, he was not the first (Jack Kerouac, Elvis) who was ready to draw conclusions that did not fit into the sacred canon of the left-liberal discourse.
Great beast, leader and teacher
A special and important place in the philosophy of the countercultural revolution is occupied by the teachings of Aleister Crowley. On the cover of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band”among other strange characters we will find this great magician and wizard. The Rolling Stones were also ardent adherents of Crowleyanism. The album "Their Satanic Majesties" is a direct apology for Crowleyism. A convinced Crowleyan was Jimmy Page (Led Zeppelin), who bought the Great Magician's estate near Loch Hess. And, of course, the figures of the "London esoteric underground": Coil, Psychic TV Carrent 93, Death In June … Among the famous followers of Crowley are also named Arthur Brown, Sting, David Bowie, Jean Genet, Yukio Mishima, Pier Paolo Pasolini. In a word, not shining brightly, but rather with a subtle flair of Crowleyanism permeates modern postmodern culture. Which is not surprising. Crowleyanism is consonant with the countercultural revolution and the rock movement as its most important part.
"Apocalypse" is a real prophetic book that talks about the change of earthly ages, but it is written from the standpoint of the teachings of the outgoing era, - says Crowley. In fact, the Beast of the Apocalypse and the Babylonian Harlot are the prophet of the new eon and his feminine hypostasis. It was with this prophet that Crowley announced himself. According to Crowley, the Egyptian god Horus, the son of Isis and Osiris, told him about the beginning of a new magical aeon, and a voice calling himself the demon Aivas, a servant of Horus, dictated to him the text of the “Book of the Law” of a new era, coming to replace the eon of Osiris. So, the next cycle of the Great Circle is approaching - the eon of Horus (the era of Aquarius), which carries with it a different religion and a different culture. From now on, the deity will live not outside, but inside a person, and there will be no restrictions, the kingdom of total freedom will come. (We have before us a relapse of the teaching of Joachim Floorsky about the "third era of the Spirit",which became the metaphysical basis of Modernity and the consonance of hippie philosophy.) Referring to the "Thelem Abbey" of Rabelais, the only law of the charter of which was: "do what you want", Crowley proclaims: "Do what you want, and so be the whole Law. Only limitation is sin. Every man and every woman is a star. Love is the Law, Love subordinate to the will”- such is the law of Thelema, and, in fact, all the principles of Crowleyanism. However, not everything is so simple. Crowley does not mean banal permissiveness, his adherents notice, but only the true will, which must be found in oneself, and then executed (to find a grain of alchemical gold in oneself). In the first row of necessary initiations - all kinds of sacred magical sex ("love" - in Crowley's terminology), and drug practices (for "there are drugs that open the gates of the worlds,hidden under the cover of matter ").
So, very soon humanity is waiting for a new happy time, but between the two eons there is a special period - the era of the "storm of the equinox". This is the era of the triumph of chaos, anarchy, revolutions, wars, catastrophes, necessary to wash away the remnants of the old order and make room for a new one. The servants of the Aeon of Horus must welcome, bring closer and use the "Tempest of Equinoxes". And Crowley begins to proclaim his teaching to the world. In 1904 he writes down the "Book of the Law" dictated to him. In 1907, he created his own magical order, in 1910 he entered the Order of the Eastern Templars (OTO) and soon became the head of the order. In 1913 he visits Russia. He spent the years of the First World War in the United States. Later he lives in Sicily and travels a lot, promoting his teachings around the world and sending his "Book of Laws" to the powers that be (including Hitler, Lenin,Churchill and Trotsky). His agents-occultists work among conservatives, national socialists and communists, support the IRA and other terrorist organizations. Crowley even expresses a desire to come to Moscow in order to "receive the honors of the people who destroyed the temples of the old god of the past eon and planted five-pointed stars of magic on their shrine, the Kremlin." Such was this "the most terrible man of the twentieth century", weaving "the web of a new eon in the center of the world conspiracy."Such was this "the most terrible man of the twentieth century", weaving "the web of a new eon in the center of the world conspiracy."Such was this "the most terrible man of the twentieth century", weaving "the web of a new eon in the center of the world conspiracy."
Crowley's occult ideas (total liberation, free love, magical sex, drug practices) turned out to be very popular among the rebellious youth of the 60s. Especially, of course, those related to sex and drugs. This is how Julius Evola describes this aspect of Crowleyanism in The Face and Face of Modern Spritualism: “Speaking of drugs, he also mentions a quality inherent in outstanding personalities: drugs can only serve as food for the“regal”. With regard to sex magic, the most frequently mentioned technique was associated with extremes: during orgasm and intoxication, a state of exhaustion must be achieved, leading to extreme limits, which are almost “incompatible with life” … The extreme limit of exhaustion and orgiastic ecstasy also mark the moment of possible magical insight in a clairvoyant trance."
As an example - John Ballance, the leader of Coil, popularizing Crowleyan philosophy, himself swore allegiance to the belief “in the coming of the Age of Horus, the Age of Thelema” and argued that the duty of a strong personality and creator in our time is “to strive to create chaos and confusion, to help destruction of the old order to open the way for a new eon”[12]. John Ballance was killed after falling drunk into a flight of stairs in his London home. This sad fact, however, cannot be surprising. Few people managed to contact Crowley with impunity. Starting with the first student of the "Great Beast", Raoul Lavdey, who died of poisoning, after the teacher brought him a cup of cat blood, many of those who became close to Crowley lost their minds, most of his ex-wives and mistresses after breaking up with him went straight to psychiatric clinics …
Perhaps here it makes sense to recall the fate of Sergei Kuryokhin, one of the leaders of our countercultural revolution. “An immoral, without a tsar in his head … a cynic who wasting himself on trifles, a dissolute child, for all that, one of the deepest and most serious people I've ever met in this life,” [13] - this is how director Sergei Soloviev spoke of Kuryokhin, acquaintance with him from work on the film "Assa". The characterization seems to be very accurate. Sergei Kurekhin was undoubtedly one of the most visible phenomena of our countercultural revolution. A jazz musician, avant-garde composer, demiurge and shaman, he did not entertain, but served as a sacred. His famous "Pop Mechanics" has become for our time something like Scriabin's mystery poems for the previous Russian revolution. Concerts "Pop Mechanics" were very noticeable phenomena of the cultural life of the late 80s - early. 90s Young and healthy, in the prime of his strength and talent, Kuryokhin suddenly fell ill with a strange, almost incredible disease - a malignant heart tumor (only a few cases of which were recorded in the world) and burned out in a matter of weeks … [14]
You have to pay for everything. David Tibet, having disentangled himself from his own close ties with Crowleyism, conjured and continues today to conjure his adherents not to associate with the "Great Beast". We just have to join this wise advice.
At the epicenter of the "Storm of the Equinoxes"
Since the beginning of the 90s, a national-conservative reaction has been growing in the world. We see this on the current political agenda: Trump's success, the growth of right-wing, conservative, nationalist forces and movements in Europe. Fully in the context of the revolution against counterculture lies the growing popularity of the youth identity movement. These young people, "the movement created by the twenties for the twenties," are also called "hip-right" and "alter-Europeans." Its central pathos - the rejection of the ideals of the sixties - is revealed in the Austrian identity manifesto, the book by Markus Willinger (b. 1992) Identity Generation: Declaring War to the Sixty-Eighth (2013). “You threw us into this world cut off from our roots … deprived us of any opportunity to orient ourselves … You undermined the authority of the church, devalued the state, divided the family,made a "reductionist construct" out of love, ruined the economy, cast doubt on everything … You left us no values … Enough of us! … Your utopia has lost its legitimacy for us … We are the answer to you and the failure of your utopia. Because we are the Generation of Identity,”declares Markus Willinger and declares war on the 1960s and the“ideals of the 1960s”… Identities, these“right-wing hipsters,”reject globalization and multiculturalism, oppose the Islamization and Americanization of Europe, for the revival of European identity. And unlike brutal neo-Nazis and too boring classic right-wingers, they look fashionable and attractive to young people. Because we are the Generation of Identity,”declares Markus Willinger and declares war on the 1960s and the“ideals of the 1960s”… Identities, these“right-wing hipsters,”reject globalization and multiculturalism, oppose the Islamization and Americanization of Europe, for the revival of European identity. And unlike brutal neo-Nazis and too boring classic right-wingers, they look fashionable and attractive to young people. Because we are the Generation of Identity,”declares Markus Willinger and declares war on the sixties and“ideals of the sixtieth”… Identities, these“right-wing hipsters”reject globalization and multiculturalism, oppose the Islamization and Americanization of Europe, for the revival of European identity. And unlike brutal neo-Nazis and too boring classic right-wingers, they look fashionable and attractive to young people.
Another example: the "archeofuturism" of the leading ideologue of the European New Right, Guillaume Faye (1949-2019), which is a kind of new edition of the ideas of the conservative revolution. Guillaume Faye stands for pan-Europeanism. Fai's set of ideas: anti-Islamism, anti-Zionism and the reassembly of the European Union based on autonomous regions, including Russia. Fi calls the latest project Eurosiberia: “The current European Union is some kind of jellyfish without sovereign power, with open borders, subject to the American will and NATO strategy. We need to think about the future imperial federal great Europe, ethnically homogeneous, that is, European, which will be based on large autonomous regions. And this Europe will be inextricably linked with Russia, forming a huge continental bloc”[15].
These are just specific examples. But they show that the confrontation is not over, the "storm of the equinoxes" is in full swing. It remains for us to note that, contrary to the title of this work, the revolution of which we spoke, is unlikely to be the last. A revolution is not a particular event in time, but a cascading process that has developed over the centuries. The beginning of the war between Rome and Carthage (in the words of Sigmund Freud), or, limiting the framework of the New Time, the Renaissance and the Reformation, will not end until it reaches its final goal: the opening of the "Messianic Age" or, following Christian symbolism: kingdom of Antichrist.
Are we close to this goal? Obviously, today is closer than yesterday, ten, thirty or fifty years ago. At the same time, none of us is given to know the timing, it is only clear that the struggle between two worlds, two messianic ideas, which in essence gave birth to history, as we know it, will go on to the very end. The purpose of our work was to clarify some of the vicissitudes of this struggle, remembering that evil, named and exposed, is losing its power and ceases to be so dangerous and terrible.
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[1] Brochures, slightly camouflaged as "scientific and educational": "Sexual Pathology", "Prostitution", "Aphrodisiacs", "Perverted", begin to appear in mass circulation, and similar "scientific and educational" films are thrown onto the screens of the country. Science platforms and columns of popular publications are filled with doctors of sexology.
[2] Ryan, Raymond. The origins of political correctness // Raymond V. Raehn. The Historical Roots of “Political Correctness”.
[3] See, for example: Gay, PA Godless Jew: Freud, Atheism, and the Making of Psychoanalysis. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1987.
[4] Rothman, S., & Isenberg, P. Sigmund Freud and the politics of marginality, 1974.
[5] In 1923, the newspaper Pravda publishes his article "Literature and Revolution", in which he decisively expresses his support. Psychoanalysis was supported by the so-called. The “pedagogical school” (A. Zalkind, S. Molozhavy, P. Blonsky, L. S. Vygotsky, A. Griboyedov), which was supported in every possible way by the Soviet authorities in the nihilistic 1920s.
[6] America owes the Freudian cult and dissemination of his ideas, first of all, to him. Bernays himself was attracted not so much by psychoanalysis as by the prospects that he opened in the public field: that is, the ability to control the masses by influencing the unconscious and lower instincts, the most powerful of which Bernays considered fear and sexual desire. Bernays decided to use the term PR to replace the word "propaganda" which seemed inconvenient to him.
[7] In the 50s, a group of New York intellectuals already completely controlled not only the cultural life of the business capital of the United States, but also the cultural life of the main American universities, such as Harvard, Columbia University, the University of Chicago and the University of California-Berkeley (the birthplace of the hippies) … As for their mouthpiece, Partisan Review, he not only departs from orthodox communist positions, but also, as part of the creation of a wide front of the struggle against the USSR and the pro-Soviet sympathies of the Western intelligentsia, begins to secretly receive funding from the CIA (you can read about this, for example, in the English Wikipedia). If this magazine formed the consciousness of students of higher educational institutions, then in the middle ones Freudianism reigned.
[8] Strauss, Leo. City and Man, 1964.
[9] Drone EM The question of the need for a revolution at a given moment in time (the work of Leo Strauss) - M, 2004.
[10] The cultural dominance of National Socialism was indeed Wagner's music, which was building the new German Reich. So maybe Adorno is right and classical music really fizzled out? So that there is no other way to save art, except to replace it with the avant-garde? But it is enough to get acquainted, for example, with the work of Anton Bruckner (1824-1896), to see other ways of development of classical music … Bruckner was not lucky to be another, after Wagner, Hitler's favorite composer. Today it is not performed as often as some Mahler. But the majestic symphonies of this "mystic-pantheist, endowed with the linguistic power of Tauler, Eckhart's imagination and the visionary fervor of Grunewald" (as noted by O. Lang) put the vertical man in the center, freely established in Tradition and God, and not a pitiful parody of man,- the rebellious personality of Adorno, languishing from his own fears.
[11] But behind the Iron Curtain, something similar is happening: a protest movement in Yugoslavia … The Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia is an attempt to liberalize socialism and give it a "human face" … The Chinese Cultural Revolution and the rampant movement of the Red Guards … The beginning of the human rights movement in the USSR (demonstration of a handful of dissidents against the introduction of troops into Czechoslovakia on Red Square and the emergence of a samizdat human rights bulletin "Chronicle of Current Events", which existed for 15 years) …
[12] Kevin David. Esoteric Underground Britain, 2003
[13] Soloviev Sergey. Word for word. - SPb.: Amphora, 2008.
[14] In 1996 (it seems to be one of the darkest in recent history) the last performance of Pop Mechanics took place, which showed something extremely ambiguous: burning Kabbalistic signs … people crucified on inverted crosses … huge rotating wheels ("turn the wheel, O Satan, O Sun! ") … The action included short speeches by Eduard Limonov and Alexander Dugin, reading excerpts from Crowley's works. And at its climax, Kuryokhin himself read a short lecture about Aleister Crowley, after which all those present were asked to stand up and take an oath of allegiance to the "Great Beast 666" … Soon after the sudden death of "Captain" Dugin wrote: "People with a soft psychology see what is coming in tones of infantile optimism - new age, ecology, Zen Buddhism, remnants of the "hippie". Kuryokhin is much closer to Aleister Crowley's apocalyptic colors. The new eon will be cruel and paradoxical."
[15] Conversation with Guillaume Fay // New Petersburg newspaper, No. 22 (733), May 26, 2005