“All processes on Earth must be considered
strung on the axis of hydrogen degassing"
N. Larin
As you know, all things in the world have two sides, at least. Remember the Jack the Ripper story? One and the same tool can be used to perform an operation and save the patient's life, and they can also cut a woman of antisocial behavior in a London gateway to shreds. Snake venom can heal and it can kill. The atom also behaves differently, depending on whose hands it is. So hydrogen, which, without a doubt, is one of the most mysterious elements of Mendeleev's periodic table, can literally turn our lives upside down. Moreover, in any of the possible directions.
The Soviet geologist Vladimir Nikolaevich Larin, back in 1968, put forward the Hypothesis of the initially hydride Earth, according to which the Earth's core is largely composed of hydrides (hydrogen compounds) of metals. Half a century has passed, but despite the huge amount of research carried out during this time, the hypothesis has not acquired the status of Theory.
However, already the son of Vladimir Larin, Nikolai, joined the work on substantiating his father's hypothesis together with Doctor of Geological Sciences Vladimir Leonidovich Syvorotkin. The main result of their joint activity was the Hypothesis of hydrogen degassing of the Earth, which is no less revolutionary, and in practical terms, generally invaluable.
Actually, a whole galaxy of scientists appeared in Russia, which made a real theoretical breakthrough in the study of hydrogen, leaving far behind scientists from other countries. While NASA scientists are looking for ways to neutralize the methane released into the atmosphere from the intestines of California cows, which, in their opinion, is the main cause of "global warming", "greenhouse effect", and the creation of ozone holes, our scientists are already practicing … Remember what caused the main scandal after the publication of the WikiLeaks website?
But … Almost no one remembers. Meanwhile, the scandal even had a proper name: - Climatgate (from the English Climategate, named by analogy with Watergate) is a scandal related to the leakage of an archive with e-mails, data files and their processing programs from the climatology department of the University of East Anglia in Norwich. It clearly follows from the published data that the so-called "global warming" is the most common scam, the purpose of which is to "pull" as much money as possible from the governments of the largest number of countries. The scale of the fraud, his arrogance and cynicism shocked the world.
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So what has changed? But nothing … All the world media with such desperate energy speaks every day from morning to evening about the inevitability of the “end of the world” caused by “global warming” that no one remembers why Julian Assange (owner of the WikiLeaks site) is already for a year in a row he lives as in a prison, forcedly imprisoned in the Ecuadorian embassy in London.
There is a paradoxical situation in which, on the one hand, everyone seems to know that no "global warming" exists, but on the other hand, everyone continues to repeat about it, like a learned mantra. But let it be. Let them overseas continue to be in this madness, and we will return to our sheep. More precisely, to hydrogen and its properties.
The main achievement of Russian scientists is not even that they have proved the validity of the hydrogen concept, which correctly explains the situation with ozone. Degassing proceeds in cycles, moreover, “our cycle” began quite recently. And not that you can fight refrigerants and industrial emissions as much as you like, not develop industry, forbid cows to fart, and so on. Hydrogen has been released, is released, and will be released, and lead to many unexpected consequences.
The most significant is that today we can convert our energy and transport to hydrogen fuel, which, as has been proven in practice, can be pumped from the bowels of the Earth using the same equipment that is now used to extract hydrocarbon fuel. At the same time, the cost of produced hydrogen is practically equal to the cost of water. And the source of hydrogen is inexhaustible. The reasons why the extraction of hydrogen from the bowels remains exotic are quite understandable.
I am aware of only one experimental hydrogen deposit, which is fueled by a small power plant that supplies a small village in Africa. This was done in order to confirm the validity of the theory in practice. And it turns out that the theory is fully confirmed. But if this technology is started to be introduced everywhere, it will soon turn out that tens and hundreds of millions of people around the world will find themselves without work. Oil and gas will be devalued to a level below which their production will become meaningless, the oil and gas transportation system will instantly turn into scrap metal, etc.
But this is only one side of the coin. There is another one that carries many threats. Regular measurements of the hydrogen content in the atmosphere near the Earth's surface make it possible to predict the development of the situation in the future. And it is by no means encouraging. It turns out that the concentration of hydrogen in the air is steadily increasing, and in some places it becomes critical. Explosive in the literal sense of the word.
And with a high degree of probability, it is hydrogen that is the cause of some of the phenomena that are now commonly called phenomena. For example, the so-called "Sasovsky phenomenon".
On April 12, 1991 (by the way, the anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's flight into space), an explosion occurred on the outskirts of the city of Sasovo, which left behind a very strange crater 28 m in diameter and 4 m deep.
You will laugh, but here are the versions that science is considering, in search of an answer to the question of what it was:
1. METEORITE VERSION
Arguments for: a round crater-crater, a strong impact on the ground of an obviously solid body, a rumble in the air seconds before the explosion, a glow. "Cons": no debris, no witnesses of the meteorite flight.
2. THE SALETTEER EXPLODED
"For": the explosion occurred near a heap of bags with saltpeter (according to the investigation - 32-72 tons) and carbamide, in the morning only scraps of paper were found. "Cons": the explosion is a high temperature, and no one has found the burnt bags. The investigator claims that all the burnt paper and earth was collected (why?).
3. MILITARY AIRCRAFT
Pros: Everyone in the city knows that a "corridor" for military supersonic aircraft passes over Sasov. "Against": The Moscow Military District verbally denied its involvement in the explosion (there was no official response to the inquiry from the investigation). No bomb fragments found. Not a single witness saw an airplane flying low.
4. EARTHQUAKE
“For”: seismic stations in Moscow and Obninsk registered weak tremors that night. E. Barkovsky, a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Earth, suggests a cruciform fault in this place (hence the strange form of earth emissions from the funnel). No traces of high temperature
"Against": all the witnesses interviewed claim to have heard the explosion and the hum of the plane. The railroad tracks are several hundred meters away, the supports of the neighboring bridge and power lines are not damaged.
5. UFO ARRIVAL
There is no evidence either for or against. Although in the ranks of the Ryazan ufologists - revival.
As you can see, Larin's hypothesis is not even considered by official science. It is easier for academics to "blame" everything on aliens than to face the truth. Meanwhile, the version of the hydrogen explosion is the only one that explains almost all the questions that the researchers of the Sasov phenomenon cannot answer.
Little of. This Hypothesis also explains a number of mysteries that have baffled the almighty science. After all, the increase in hydrogen concentration coincided with an increase in the number of unexplained sinkholes in the ground.
Yamal Peninsula. June 2014
Even the Tunguska phenomenon, which so stubbornly continues to be called a "meteorite", despite the fact that not a single fragment of it has yet been found, is most reasonably explained by the Larin Hypothesis.
But the saddest news I have for the adepts of the version of the nuclear bombing of the Earth in the past. No, dear ones. All "funnels", lakes, and other formations on Earth, and on the Moon, too, have the correct round shape, not because something fell on the surface. On the contrary, these are traces of degassing of the Earth and its satellite. Somewhere the release of hydrogen was accompanied by an explosion, and somewhere it provoked the collapse of structures with karst cavities, but just as “pimples” of various diameters appear on the pancake, so on the surface of the planets formations appear, called by scientists “craters” of volcanoes, and of meteorite origin.
And take my word for it, the surface of the Earth would look exactly the same if it had not been changed by man, as a result of economic activity, and if it had not been covered with vegetation and soil.
And if so, then under our feet we have not only an inexhaustible source of energy, but also in the literal sense of the word - a hydrogen bomb. And not one, and millions of bombs of varying power. Can you imagine what this is fraught with, for example, in the field of nuclear energy safety? Army divisions can be put on the protection of the nuclear power plant from terrorists, but what can they do if hydrogen bursting out of the bowels explodes under the reactor of the nuclear power plant?
But these threats are, for now, rather hypothetical. Moreover, all nuclear power plants already carry out round-the-clock monitoring of hydrogen concentration. Bravo to our nuclear scientists. Science does not believe in the threat of a hydrogen explosion, but the NPP employees still decided to stop. Moreover, there is a well-founded version that the cause of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant could also be a breakthrough of hydrogen from the ground. Much more important now for us is the mundane version of the accidents that we face almost every month.
Now you will understand how relevant this can be for each of us. I got my hands on the research of a scientist dealing with hydrogen problems, and I believe that everyone should know this. Perhaps this will help save more than one human life.
Don't be alarmed. The text is very short and easy to understand even for a non-specialist. But, it is extremely important and useful for everyone. This is the elementary alphabet of survival, if you will.
A long time ago, during the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the clerk Kryakutny, having made the most complicated calculations and extracted hydrogen, filled it with a bubble sewn from goat skin and flew with it above the city bell tower. The Tsar was ordered to write a formal reply about the flight.
What was the bubble with? - asked the scribe who drew up the document. - They say with some kind of hydrogen, - explained the audience.
Eka was enough, hydrogen is not yet open, - thought the scribe and wrote - "with smoke."
At the tsar's reception Kryakutny, realizing the value of the invention, behaved with dignity. - So you flew on a bubble with smoke? The king asked him. - With hydrogen. “I’m talking with hydrogen. What a fine fellow, you've harnessed the smoke!
On his deathbed, the clerk whispered with blue lips: - Don't forget about the hydrogen on the monument! - We will not forget, we will not forget, others assured him. And carved on the gravestone:
- I filled the bubble with foul and smelly smoke and flew …
Parable "Bubble with Smoke". Soviet Russia, 27.07.96.
Questions about the causes of domestic gas explosions in residential premises are now of particular relevance. However, in addition to discussions about the careless handling of gas appliances, many articles, reports and forums contain practically no recommendations for users of household gas (in other words, apartment residents), showing or at least outlining ways to improve safety. And this means only one thing - we still do not know anything about the true causes of domestic gas explosions in apartments.
The simplest explanation, lying on the surface, is the "leak" of gas, its subsequent mixing with atmospheric oxygen and ignition by an accidental spark. However, not everything is so simple here. Firstly, methane and its homologues are specially saturated with mercaptans to impart a pungent specific smell to gaseous fuel, so it is very difficult not to notice a gas leak, and secondly, saturated hydrocarbons, although they burn in a mixture with air almost instantly, but an explosive mixture only forms under very specific conditions. In fig. 1 shows a diagram borrowed by us from work [1], from which it follows that the methane content in the air, which forms an explosive mixture, is from 5.2 to 14.0% vol., And the oxygen content is from 12.3 to 19, 8% vol. This is a very specific combination of concentrations.
In order to understand the nature of the formation of an explosive mixture, it should be remembered that the combustion of methane and its homologues is always accompanied by the process of pyrolysis (high-temperature decomposition) of these gases into carbon in the form of soot and hydrogen. Methane combustion is carried out according to the reaction:
and methane pyrolysis proceeds according to the reaction:
The process of pyrolysis of gaseous hydrocarbons with the formation of pyrolytic graphite and / or soot on the one hand and hydrogen on the other hand is considered in sufficient detail in [2, 3]. This means only one thing: if there is soot in the room, then hydrogen is always present. And everyone observed soot layers when using fuel heaters - in gas water heaters, in ventilation over gas stoves or in the chimneys of rural wood-burning stoves. For thousands of years a person, lighting a fire, did not imagine that simultaneously with the combustion of solid hydrocarbon fuel (wood), pyrolysis of emitted gaseous hydrocarbons also occurs, i.e. soot is formed and at the same time hydrogen is formed in the form of a cloud over the fire.
A certain amount of not only hydrogen, but also carbon monoxide is always formed during incomplete oxidation (underburning) of hydrocarbon fuels in various types of burners - from primus and blowtorch to an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gases of a car are sometimes checked for the presence of carbon monoxide in them, but few people know about the presence of hydrogen in them, although its content there is impressive. The experience of the authors allows us to assert that a sensitive sensor of a hydrogen gas analyzer, accidentally brought up to the exhaust pipe of a car, instantly "chokes" with hydrogen, i.e. his readings are off scale. At the same time, the issue of using the lifting force of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is discussed in the literature quite seriously.
And no one at all thought to analyze the composition of the gas mixture under the dome of the balloon. As it was customary for a long time that the clerk Kryakutny inflated the balloon with "foul and smelly smoke", it is still believed that the lift of the balloon (from Montgolfier to the present day) is provided by the difference in air temperature inside the balloon and outside it. However, the real lifting force of the balloon is provided precisely by hydrogen, as a product of the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuel. For this reason, balloons sometimes explode in the sky.
Concentrations of methane and oxygen in the air, forming an explosive mixture [1].
As for the hydrogen contained in solid pyrolysis products, even with a slight heating of these products, it can be released from them in an active atomic state, which, in the presence of oxygen in the environment, leads to spontaneous combustion of solid products and even explosions, if all this takes place in confined spaces - spontaneous combustion of soot in chimneys has long been well known.
At the same time, the limits of hydrogen concentration, which determine the explosiveness of a hydrogen-air mixture, are much wider than the limits of methane concentration. According to the work [4], the hydrogen-oxygen mixture is explosive (explosive) with a hydrogen content of 4.65 to 93.9% vol. Considering that the average oxygen content in the air is 20%, it is easy to see that the explosive mixture is formed even at the minimum hydrogen content in the air in the amount of 0.9–1.0% by volume.
This means that with a kitchen volume of 36 m3 (4´3´3 m), the air contains 7.2 m3 of oxygen, i.e. for the formation of an explosive mixture, only 72 liters of hydrogen are needed, while during the pyrolysis of only two gram-moles of methane, 89.6 liters of hydrogen are formed by reaction (2). In fact, due to the ability of hydrogen to accumulate in the upper part of the provided volume, displacing heavier gases downward [5], the hydrogen concentration required for the formation of an explosive mixture is reached much earlier.
And then - everything depends on the state of ventilation, the presence of which in the upper part of the kitchen or bath is strictly required. But if the gas stove in the kitchen is used for other purposes (for heating purposes), then the ventilation hole is almost always sealed by the residents. And in the case of the functioning of a gas heater in a living room, for example, for warming up during repairs (installation of stretch ceilings), there is no ventilation at all. And in this case, any accidental spark can lead to tragedy.
From the above, several important recommendations follow. To prevent explosions of "household gas", leading to the death of people and significant destruction of the housing stock, they can be formulated as follows:
- never close up and regularly clean the ventilation windows located under the ceiling above kitchen gas stoves, do not use these stoves for heating rooms in winter;
- do not use gas heating in residential premises during any repair work, for example, when installing stretch ceilings.
I think the importance of this work is obvious. Everyone should know about it.
Take care of yourself and your loved ones!
Author: kadykchanskiy