… the engine, of course, we'll talk today. What did you think? Hello, friends.
Pay attention to the tram going on the left in the opposite lane. However, let's go in order.
Thanks to friends, a wonderful movie fell into the hands, an excerpt from which is shown on the gif. I highly recommend viewing it in full:
As if you are immersed in another world, and you discover a lot of useful things. This is just San Francisco's main shopping street in 1906. Once I wrote an article about wireless trams, and caused a flurry of emotions from readers, both far and not very far from this topic. And even some convinced me that it was either a cable car, or the food goes to the tram through the third rail located in the middle. It is clearly visible on the video. Well, now, when watching the video, fix two points: a) the length of the path (about 5 km), and b) how many of these identical trams have passed along the opposite lane during the filming. The cable car disappears immediately, because trams on the opposite lane go at different distances, and it happens that they go almost like a train, very close to each other. And if a direct current flowed along the rails, what power it should have been,to pull that many trams? With an average tram power of 50 kW, their number on the line is 20 pcs and a nominal supply voltage of 50 V, the current in the rails would be 20 kA (!). With a tram rail resistance of 190 Ohm / km (excluding joints), with such a current it would be white-hot. This is nonsense and the power supply scheme was somehow different. And there are clearly not 20 trams, but much more. Let's immediately discard the versions with batteries, the third rail was clearly not made for this. If you take a closer look at the video, you will see that the tram line is crossed by ordinary trolleybuses with a classic current collector. And along the entire line there are only one type of tram, similar as twin brothers. What, this line only served to transport passengers in one direction? May be. Before reading further, try to see the secret of these trams in the video,it is there (the spoiler is not wireless poles, although there are many of them there too).
Well, we will be transported to Russia, in the Moscow suburbs of the early 20th century, and consider a new introduction. Probably, many are familiar with the Mytishchenskaya water system; a lot of material on it has been published on the network. Since the 19th century, this engineering network has supplied Moscow with water. It began at the water intake in Mytishchi, and ended with a water supply network in Moscow itself. This network has been modernized and empowered several times in connection with the increasing demand of the city for water. One of the lifting buildings is shown in the photo from the end of the 19th century.
A very strange pipe at this, if I may say so, the boiler room. Why was it necessary to cross a cult building with a giraffe? There are no smoke channels from the building to the chimney, as well as the smoke itself. And no matter how much you look for old photos, you will never see smoke from this pipe. At all. Actually, a similar creation has already been considered here. But for now we will outline the details a little. The scheme of the Mytishchenskaya water-lifting system has been preserved in terms of the location of the main buildings and structures.
Promotional video:
From what angle was this photo taken if it was some of the machine buildings, either # 1 according to the scheme, or # 3? Let's take a look at satellite imagery.
There is no doubt - this is the machine building number 1, the photographer was standing at the place where the hexagon is. Only machine building # 3 is not yet available. Obviously, it was built later to improve system performance. It is possible that the age difference between these buildings is more than 50 years (taking into account the Franco-Prussian War and the desolation of all cities). And the pavilion No. 1 itself is attached to the north-east side. There are more recent photos.
It can be seen that the machine building No. 3 with its chimney has already appeared, and on the right you can see building No. 5, designated in the diagram as an electrical station.
This place is larger. Oddly enough, there is no horizontal section of the chimney. Obviously, he's underground. Official sources say that electricity was generated from the same steam energy that supplied water for its intended purpose and that was generated by steam boilers. Here is the building of this power plant, which has hardly changed over time.
Most likely, there were conventional steam engines, which were fed with steam generated in another room. These motors used conventional three-phase voltage on generators. No mysticism. Where was the steam produced? Well, probably, where the chimney is, judging by the logic of things.
These are only pumps, and then, their location is no longer identifiable. What is the force that rotates the wheels on the left side of the photo? The floor in the room is low enough, judging by the outdoor photos, it is below the ground mark. This means that the steam generator is located in the next room. But alas, there is not a single photo of such a steam generator. Maybe there are other points of the Mytishchenskaya water system?
This is the Alekseevskoe water-lifting building, an integral part of this engineering network, and outwardly they are in many ways similar to similar nodes in Mytishchi. What's inside him?
The power, of course, is prohibitive, but this is also not a steam generator. What is the force that rotates the wheel on the right? Obviously, there was still a basement here, and the wheel was turning the shaft coming from there. And what was there in the basement? There are also no photos. And don't look, there is nowhere in the public domain and there are no photos that can capture any device that somehow convincingly masquerades as a steam generator with such a non-smoking chimney. Something similar was found (at the very end of the article), but this is very accidental and does not give answers to many questions. All this is hopelessly hidden or even destroyed, as is the power supply system of the engine of the same tram that is in the main photo. But is everything so hopeless? We are looking at the water supply plan, and we will mark two sections that we need to consider in detail. These are Mytishchinskaya and Alekseevskaya stations, respectively.
Let's try to reconstruct the northern allocated area using modern satellite imagery.
To do this, we will draw on an eye scale the lines of the old water supply system from the diagram to a satellite photo. This does not require much work, the paths at the place where the old water supply was laid are mostly preserved to this day. Well, strange coincidences begin. If you zoom in on satellite imagery and trace the line of the old water supply system to the machinery buildings, it turns out that the chimneys were, if not on the oldest water supply system, then very close to it. On another section of the old water supply, the temple of the Vladimirskaya Icon of the Mother of God is similarly located, by a strange coincidence, built in its current form almost simultaneously with the old water supply, in 1814 (!), When Moscow was destroyed by the war. There is an interesting quote in the primary source:
“After the construction of the first Moscow water supply system in 1804, every year on August 1 (according to the old style) from the Church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God to the Holy (Thunder) spring, from which the water supply began, a procession was directed, and there, near the chapel (which was not preserved) prayer service."
Comments are not required here. Let's not analyze the dating now, since it is very conditional, but the Holy Thunders key is already interesting. This is apparently the very end point where the dead-end section of the old water supply system to the east of the temple went. And apparently, this source could not cope with ensuring the required performance of the system, and additionally wells were introduced in the area of those same turbine rooms # 1 and # 3, but the old pipe continued to be used.
It is difficult to imagine the Yaroslavskoe highway in such a form just a hundred years ago, but the water supply system, suitable for the temple, is seen very well. The soil shaft on the right clearly indicates the presence of pipes underneath. Anyone who has ever seen oil pipelines will immediately understand that there is a pipeline transport facility here. But apparently, the cross-section of these pipes was not enough, and new pipes were buried, and bypassing the village of Mytishchi. There was also a temple at the crossroads of that Yaroslavl highway and the pipeline, which has not survived to this day. Already at the beginning of the 21st century, within walking distance from this place, the Church of St. Nicholas on Druzhba was built. And oddly enough, the distance between the turbine room and these temples was the same. Is it coincidental? Let's see what happens with the Alekseevskaya station.
This is her official scheme for the late 19th century. Everything seems to be clear, but where did the old water supply fit on it? Two new ones with a diameter of 24 inches from the Mytishchi side are in the same alignment, one of them passes near the chimney. On the territory of the station, they are separated and come to the tank. But where could the old plumbing go? If we take as a basis that the streets were formed in the place where the pipes were buried, we get the following picture.
And again, by a strange coincidence, the temple of the Life-Giving Trinity happened to be in the place of the blue aqueduct. In the 20th century, it was half destroyed, but now it has been restored and continues to function. What can you say remarkable about him? Well, probably the fact that the temple was officially part of the complex of buildings of the Bakhrushins' orphanage.
But the water-lifting building, the temple, and the buildings of the orphanage were built by the same architect Gippius in the 19th century. What does that mean? Most likely, the buildings of the Bakhrushins' orphanage were once the buildings of the Mytishchensky water supply system. They look completely different from the residential and public buildings of that time. After some kind of modernization, and most likely after the introduction of a new, more productive water supply line, these buildings lost their purpose, and they were redesigned as a shelter. Well, they consecrated the temple (but what about without it).
Well, and, probably, enough to tell the second introduction about the water supply. What kind of force drove water in it already from the first post-war years of the Patriotic War? Now let's play the game "where is the logic" and try to find a connecting link between the tram and the water supply. Complicated? We return to the video about trams, or rather, to its end, and see the following.
The rails come to a dead end and run into a small inconspicuous structure with columns and vases on them. And if you rewind a little bit back and look in perspective, then
Oops … Both the chapel and the tram were vases with an incomprehensible substance, and at the same altitude. Another coincidence? Of course not. And where is the similarity to the plumbing? Probably, everyone has already realized that there are iron conductors in the ground or on the ground. Only in the case of a tram, these are rails, and in the case of a water supply, these are pipes. Still don't believe in the existence of perpetual motion machines a little over a hundred years ago? Then go ahead to the materiel.
As you know, tram wheels located on the same axle are technically very difficult to isolate from each other. During operation, the quality of this insulation would deteriorate significantly over time. Well, and probably the most reasonable solution in this matter was to create a third rail. Just what to apply for these rails? Let's imagine a certain scheme.
Suppose the metal connection of the chapel from the side of the exit to the rails makes a gap and connects from one side to the central rail, from the other to the side ones. If a certain current was induced at the bottom of the dome, then it passed through the tram along the blue conductor. Thus, in the chapel, some out-of-the-way columns are created in the form of each tram, or two columns with vases per tram. The current, flowing through the blue conductor, induced a certain field in these vases, which, in turn, created a current in the secondary, green conductor. This suggests an analogy with a vacuum triode or transistor, where an atmospheric resource is used as a power source. Is this possible in principle? Well, if the trams were running, then it was probably possible, and since such tram power supply schemes have completely disappeared in just 10 years around the world,then this is generally the most reliable indicator of the correctness of reasoning. But what then was fed along the rail circuit? As you can see, the tram route, albeit in a straight line, was very long. By definition, it is impossible to maintain an ideal vertical layout on this path. But, when an ordinary puddle appeared anywhere between the rails, the trams would at least stop immediately if there was an ordinary electric current in the rails. This option is eliminated. What was there? Actually, the answer is again given by etymology. Why do we still use the term "electric current"? There was once a "current strength", but for some reason it has already disappeared from almost everywhere. But the electric current is present. Can it be not only electric? Maybe, as we can see. It is high time to reanimate the term "magnetic current", it is the etheric current, it is magnetism, it is cold electricity. To deny its existence is at least silly. The condition for the flow of this current is the best magnetic permeability of the materials. And this current is absolutely not afraid of puddles, damp soil around and other undesirable manifestations that do not worsen the magnetic permeability of the conductors. The distance over which this current can be transmitted is how much iron will be enough for the structure, even for rails, even for pipes. And what was in the green conductor? It's simple. Imagine that a thick conductor at the edges of a tram, circled in green, situationally found itself in the epicenter of the etheric funnel created by vases on the tram roof. Well, then everything was in accordance with the rule of the gimbal, and the usual brushed engine coped with thrust very well. Could such a small chapel create a magnetic current for so many trams? Of course not. This chapel is connected by metal ties with the tower, which is clearly visible in the foreground in the video. This is the site of the famous trade fair. Trams were made simultaneously with this tower and for this tower, in order to ensure an influx of people to it. At that time it was very common (read about amusement parks and other large-scale entertainment establishments). And even these trams were free. As you can see, in the video our tramway is crossed by ordinary trolleybuses with current collectors, which are still in use today. Everything is logical. As soon as, with a wave of someone's hand, the exhibitions disappeared (there were reasons for that), similar trams to them disappeared, and trolleybuses remained. Oddly enough, in a short period of time, amusement parks burned down, all municipal institutions around the world switched to gas or collective electricity,and the Russian Empire with its factories and temples disappeared altogether. An interesting coincidence. However, we are distracted. We pass to the water supply.
Everything is completely similar here, except that the energy consumer is not mobile. Vases with an incomprehensible substance were in special places - hiding places. And in that very corner extension, similar to a temple, there was actually a steam generator. The Russian people, as always, used their ingenuity and did not bother with the complexity of converting electricity, turning it into steam. Further, with this steam, it was possible to drive pumps, heat rooms and even obtain three phases by reverse conversion. Rewind the text and look at the building of the power plant in Mytishchi. No wonder there is a bust of the Leader. "Communism is Soviet power plus the electrification of Russia" - now ponder this phrase in view of the above. Probably no need to comment. As for the chimneys, these are the very outward columns of the temple,which are connected by pipes underground with the temple itself. As you can see, almost like in a tram, only the scale is not the same. The steam generators were located inside these pipes, and from there steam went through underground pipelines to the workshops. It is not for nothing that they looked more like chapels with an elongated neck. Temples, as we can see, were located along the entire water supply line with a certain step and carried purely unitary functions. Well, and immediately the question is - when did religion appear in these temples? Particularly striking is the text about religious processions at the church in Mytishchi (see above). I admit the thought that at that time there was a narrow circle of engineers in the country who knew what was what. Even more, I admit that most of them were foreigners. And the rest of the population was so dark that they deified it all with the engineers. And maybe even, she named temples in honor of some saints (although she stubbornly visits the thought,that they were called that not earlier than the end of the 19th century). Well, of course, it was a sin for the Bolsheviks who came not to take advantage of this state of affairs when fulfilling an order from those who destroyed exhibitions in another part of the world.
Many readers probably think that these two cases are a partial coincidence, or even a pull of random facts on the globe. Let's get a look.
Here is described a similar heating system for the buildings of a children's hospital in the city of Adelaide in Australia in the late 19th century. It was thanks to her that the fuel-free reflector fireplaces and lighting of buildings worked. The hospital has implemented a two-level power supply system from two domed installations located on different buildings and at different heights. Instead of underground conductors, the metal connections of each building were combined into a common network using metal crossbars hidden under terraces or balconies. To turn on this or that device, it was necessary to put on a special nozzle on the false chimney, which was not at all difficult. In some cases, the load power was regulated by the number of such nozzles on the chimney. In the first half of the 20th century, this building was completely converted to gas supply,after some time it was completely demolished.
Here is the description of the Murom city water supply system. The scale, of course, is not the same, the principle of operation is absolutely the same. Water from the water-lifting building rose up the mountain, where it passed in transit through the wooden building of the water supply administration with a chapel. The level of the roof of the chapel coincided with the level of the top of the chimney, from which smoke never escaped in history. From the moment it was built in 1860 and until it was closed under the pretext of unsanitary conditions, the water supply system provided the entire city with water without charging any payment from the population. After the closure of the water supply system, the wooden building at the top was adapted for an entertainment establishment, and in the post-war period it burned to the ground for some unknown reason. The brick building with a chimney is still standing. They tried to demolish the pipe several times, and already in our time. Due to the high strength of the material, demolition work was stopped.
Here is the description of the power supply system of the Berdyansk lighthouse. This lighthouse arose on the shores of the Sea of Azov due to the dangers of sea passage in this area. The lighthouse was the first in Russia to use a new technical solution, namely electric rotating lights. The lighthouse was powered by steam engines. The steam itself was generated in a nearby boiler room. It is interesting that instead of a temple, the lighthouse tower itself was used here, which had hiding places for laying a special substance. The metal ties of the lighthouse tower had communication with the metal ties of the building, as well as the metal ties of the boiler room. It is possible that the lighthouse tower had two levels of hiding places, and with their help it could provide energy both with the help of the boiler room, and without it. Currently, the top of the lighthouse tower is dismantled to the middle of the first window from the top,the roof of the lighthouse building was replaced with a concrete one, the boiler room pipe was completely demolished.
Probably, there are enough examples on this topic, if desired, any resident of a large and not very large city that has found the 19th century can find them at home. Probably, the curious have already noticed that the top of the quasi-chimneys always corresponds not to the very top of the temple structure, but to the first level of the hiding places. Why? Good question. Something is immediately associated with communicating vessels. Here it is already necessary to study in more depth. Only one thing can be said quite definitely - if in some city you come across an incomprehensible pipe, then look for pipes in the ground, and where they lead. And they must lead to the temple. Actually, here it is, a perpetual motion machine. Everything else is just details.
Until next time.
P. S. For those confident that there was a cable car on Market Street in San Francisco, I attach a photo from the 1906 earthquake. There are ordinary sleepers without holes in the middle.
And also this.
Gentlemen who believe that there was a cable in these rails, unfortunately you will not convince me of this. Facts are stupid things. But keep criticizing, this is normal and necessary.