I first learned about the pyramids of Primorye in 1999 from the book of my fellow Primorian Oleg Gusev "The White Horse of the Apocalypse" and then invited Oleg Mikhailovich, who lives in St. Petersburg, to take a ride home to try to confirm his assumptions on the spot.
To be honest, I was distrustful of the existence of the pyramids in Primorye until Oleg Mikhailovich, already during our local history expedition in Primorye in 2000, got hold of a photograph of Mount Brother taken from an airplane in 1931 in the museum of the village of Sergeevka of the Partizansky District. the vicinity of the city of Nakhodka. The photograph clearly showed a strict geometric figure, small copies of which can be observed in the Nile Valley. Then we organized a trip to what was left of this gigantic - 300 meters high - structure. The fact is that under Soviet rule the pyramid was barbarously destroyed - limestone was taken there for construction needs.
And they took it in a very original way - starting from the top. Neither before nor after have I seen such a peculiarly arranged "career". Probably not only limestone was the target of the destroyers. At about one third of the top, the destroyers have finished their work. There we found large fragments of some structures that were once inside the Brother pyramid, from which we took samples for research. This article is devoted to the results of these studies, as well as to some conclusions.
Photo of 1931 from the plane
The limestone massif of which the pyramid is composed bears all the signs of a natural geological object. And the scale of the structure seems too incredible for a man-made object. I believe that they "simply" cut the workpiece - the available mountain. There is, however, one "but". The basal layer - the base of the pyramid - is represented in one of the outcrops by large boulders. And this is impossible to imagine for a geological object. I then documented this paradox on video in order to figure it out later. It is possible that the boulder was formed in the wave-surf zone, i.e. when the sea splashed at the base of the pyramid. I did not find any signs of completion. But I didn’t look, I must say. In short, there is more to do there.
In the 1931 photo, the pyramid was partially washed away by Suchan and destroyed by denudation processes - physicochemical weathering. And also by biogenic processes - vegetation in the south of Primorye grows like in the jungle. A clearing cut through is overgrown in a month (in summer). In winter, the roots freeze through and, expanding, push apart the cracks into which they penetrated. Therefore, close to the slopes they look naturally formed and only an airplane survey showed the presence of clear forms - relics of geometric elements merge from afar, and the details of destruction are smoothed out. If the pyramid was destroyed by people, it is insignificant. And only, if I am not mistaken, in the 1980s they took it up with the use of heavy equipment.
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I have no data on the destroyers. Limestone around in bulk - this is precisely the circumstance that is the most suspicious. Builders have where to get limestone closer than from Mount Brother. In order to get to its foot, you need to make a detour 40 km - to the only bridge across the river. All other quarries - there are many of them - take limestone from the foot, as elsewhere. The pyramid was not dismantled - it was blown up. But first we made a road for BELAZ vehicles to the very top!
There are also fragments of the entrance. Archaic level of Aztec architecture. West side entrance at one third level. It was not possible to establish the exact orientation of the pyramid, although I climbed it with a compass - there are no clear directions. Visually - very approximately - it is oriented to the cardinal points with an offset from the magnetic meridian to the northwest.
There is still an untouched mountain Sister - Brother's twin. The sister in the 1931 photo is in the foreground. Morphologically, it does not give the impression of an ideal pyramid, but already in the course of these descriptions, a possible reason for this came to my mind - the tectonics of the base: it is possible that the blocks of the pyramid underwent vertical dislocations after construction. The Sister's height is also about 300 meters.
Before writing about the results of the study of the samples, it is necessary to clarify: from what follows that the room was really underground? First, from the fact that the traces of a mechanical chisel (which is used to drill holes for explosives) did not reach the front side of the debris of the walls of the room, i.e. boreholes were drilled from the outside of the rock mass, to which a concrete wall was attached. Secondly, the presence of a brush (druses of small crystals) of aragonite on the front surface of one of the fragments. This mineral is formed from lime solutions that enter through cracks into internal cavities in the thickness of rocks, and is a building material of various sintered forms - stalactites, stalagmites and others. The deposition of the mineral from the solution occurs as a result of a sharp decrease in the content of carbon dioxide in the voids in relation to the upper - soil-vegetation - layer, where this acid is formed. In addition, for the formation of free crystals, additional conditions are needed that are absolutely excluded on the surface of the earth, for example, constant temperature, solution concentration, and much more.
Thus, the underground nature of the structure is beyond doubt. The same conditions contributed to the preservation of the details of the building from destruction for a very long time, as will be shown below, comparable to the duration of geological processes. Actually, the presence of aragonite brush on the plastered surface already indicates that we are dealing with a very ancient object.
Now about concrete - the building material of this underground structure. On closer examination, nothing unusual, from the point of view of a modern builder, was found in it. On the contrary, during its production everything that makes concrete the most durable is taken into account.
As you know, concrete refers to composite materials that are formed from the main (matrix) component - cement - and an elastic and durable filler - sand and gravel. Cement connects particles of sand and crushed stone, which, when hardened, form a strong skeleton that bears all the loads. That is why, as a filler, crushed (acute-angled), and not rounded material is needed, say, a sand-gravel mixture, which is enough right there on the Suchan river (now the Partizanskaya river). In addition, during the construction of the structure, instead of sand, grit was used - a product of the destruction of Paleozoic granitoids, which lie at the base of Mount Brother. The use of grit as a filler also increases the strength characteristics of concrete, since grit is the same sand, but not subjected to transfer, therefore, not rounded,with unwrapped sharp edges that form an ideal supporting frame.
It was the use of gruss as a filler that first misled us: on the cleavage, concrete looked like a partially crystallized rock - a subvolcanic analogue of granitoids interspersed with limestone (!) Rubble.
The crushed stone itself is represented by crushed limestone with particles up to 30 mm in size. Crushed stone makes up less than 30% of the concrete volume, without forming its own frame, which is also justified, because the frame made of grit material is stronger due to the greater strength of the minerals constituting grit - mainly feldspar and quartz. Crushed stone, as it were, floats in the mass of grit-cement material, without significantly affecting the strength of concrete.
As for the cement itself, it is represented by a solid mass of already recrystallized calcite, which is almost transparent in reflected light on grinding, no grain is observed at a magnification of 40 times. For comparison, we can say that the cement of modern concrete at the same magnification is opaque, has a matte shade and granularity is clearly visible - powdery. Those. ancient cement has undergone the so-called secondary changes, and in relation to the primary state - concrete - is a metamorphic rock. But how many thousands of years it took, a piece of wood found in one of the fragments will tell. But more on that below. Here, for the time being, it can be noted that the process opposite to crystallization - physicochemical weathering - for thousands of years has not "coped" with many of the most ancient buildings and sculptures.
So, there was nothing unusual about concrete. Concrete is like concrete, only very ancient. We will return to the proof of its antiquity later, although we can already talk about millennia. But this fact is the most amazing thing! On the extensive (up to 1 sq.m) chips of concrete blocks, it is clearly visible that the crushed stone is calibrated in size and according to the current classification. belongs to the small type. It is difficult to imagine any volumetric manual production of such a uniform product that falls under the modern GOST. Not to mention the even more complex and delicate process of making cement, apparently, judging by the result of recrystallization of a very high grade.
The samples we selected have preserved at least one direct evidence of the possession of certain technologies and mechanisms by the ancient builders. Speaking about mechanisms, I mean the initial concepts of mechanics: device - serves to transform force (for example, a lever); mechanism - converts movements, for example, circular to translational (gate); a machine converts one type of energy into another, for example, heat into kinetic - a steam locomotive. It is too early to talk about cars, although one immediately recalls ancient "brake pads" of the type that are used in modern trains and other artifacts stored in the school museum of the seaside village of Sergeevka, as well as a stream discovered by V. K. Arsenyev in the Iman River basin under the title of Steam locomotive and I saw in my childhood on one of the taiga rivers of Primorye sticking out from the washed-out bank of the rails. How it looked - schematically, from memory, shown in the figure. I will only add that there is still no ordinary road to those places; and I saw it about thirty years ago.
Now about a piece of wood found in one of the concrete blocks. This fragment was taken as a sample, together with a small amount of concrete containing it. The sampling is documented on videotape. Probably, in the process of preparing the solution, a splinter got into it and thus reached us as a natural chronograph.
A closer examination of this sample, including under a microscope, revealed that during the period from the construction time to the present day, the wood has undergone significant changes, which are characteristic of plant remains observed in brown coals. So, the color changed to brown. At the same time, the macrostructure of the wood is completely preserved. Under a microscope, it is noticeable that a significant part of the wood pulp is lithified, i.e. replaced by calcite and iron oxides - ocher. Microveins of calcite and ocher crusts often run across the grain of the wood or form solid masses. The fibers themselves are almost black in reflected light due to the carbonization of plant material. A fragment of a chip upon contact with a flame gives a stable combustion with the release of a characteristic charcoal smell of sublimation products. At the same time, the material of the chips is strong enough, breaks with difficulty, crumbles under the knife. Such a change in wood cannot be explained, for example, by oxidation or rotting of wood chips in the open air after the destruction of the building, since these processes turn the wood into dust, but do not lithify it in any way, and even more so do not coalify it. for coalification, a condition is necessary - the absence of oxygen. In addition, there would be nothing to burn in oxidized and decomposed wood. A similar type of wood residues, called lignite, are found in large quantities in the brown coals of the Rettikhovskoye deposit in Primorye. I have seen flat fragments of trees with well-preserved bark measuring 50x50 cm. These are the youngest coals of Primorye, but their age is millions of years. Lignite in Primorye is also found in the Miocene deposits,the upper age limit of which is more than a million years, the lower one - more than five million. Here it is necessary to make a reservation that these arguments are not a kind of quantitative method for determining the age of a building, however, they allow us to determine the age range, within which (no older - no younger) we can talk about the antiquity of the structure. Lignite is a transitional form from peat to coals; accordingly, the age of the plant residue is between the age of peat and the minimum age of coal. This is, roughly speaking, from tens of thousands of years to millions of years, i.e. older than Quaternary, but younger than Neogene-Paleogene.they allow you to determine the age range, within which (no older - no younger) you can talk about the antiquity of the structure. Lignite is a transitional form from peat to coals; accordingly, the age of the plant residue is between the age of peat and the minimum age of coal. This is, roughly speaking, from tens of thousands of years to millions of years, i.e. older than Quaternary, but younger than Neogene-Paleogene.they allow you to determine the age range, within which (no older - no younger) you can talk about the antiquity of the structure. Lignite is a transitional form from peat to coals; accordingly, the age of the plant residue is between the age of peat and the minimum age of coal. This is, roughly speaking, from tens of thousands of years to millions of years, i.e. older than Quaternary, but younger than Neogene-Paleogene.
Here, perhaps, it is necessary to make an amendment about the still little-studied phenomena observed in the pyramids. It is known that small animals that got inside the Egyptian pyramids and died there from hunger did not decompose, but were mummified, i.e. their tissues have undergone changes similar, in the first approximation, to coalification. Perhaps these properties of the pyramid contributed to the acceleration of the process of transformation of wood into lignite. But even reducing the age of our structure by an order of magnitude, we get thousands of years, the smallest. Those. in any case, we are dealing with an exceptionally ancient object, in antiquity, probably superior to all known civilizations of the past.
This is also evidenced by the degree of denudation (physicochemical weathering) of the slopes of Mount Brother - in that part of it that did not suffer from the destroyers. The slopes are mostly turfed: covered with a soil-vegetation layer. But occasionally there are deluvial talus, located in a terrace-like manner and represented by fragments of limestone, often impressive - up to 1 m or more - in size. That is, the material of the surface of the slopes is a product of natural destruction. At the same time, the surviving photographs of Mount Brother suggest the artificial origin of its external forms: they are too ideal. In addition, the terraced character of the location of deluvial talus suggests the presence of ledges that once collapsed faster than gentle slopes. But since the body of Mount Brother is represented by a solid, fairly homogeneous mass of limestone,it is impossible to exclude the possibility of artificial origin and these ledges, which may have been horizontal platforms. It is obvious that the age of the pyramid must be greater than the age of the Quaternary deposits overlying its slopes, i.e. again, at least the Holocene epoch is older, and this is certainly more than ten thousand years.
Summarizing the above, we can conclude that my attempts to underestimate the age of this structure to at least 10,000 years are in contradiction with elementary information from General Geology. If we argue with an open mind, then the minimum age of our object should be estimated at several tens of thousands of years. And this will be the most conservative estimate.
As already noted, on a part of the plastered surface of concrete blocks, the remains of an image made with paints of various colors have been preserved. The main area of the remains is occupied by light ocher, in appearance corresponding to the modern red lead, which most likely it is. The mineral base of red lead is the mineral limonite, more precisely, its fossil variety is ocher. We found drip-like forms of ocher in the same place: in the place of the destroyed part of the Brother Mountain. The color of the paint and ocher samples is completely the same. Red lead layer thickness 0.07-0.08 mm. In this case, the layer is completely opaque.
Brown ocher was probably originally a red paint based on the mineral hematite, an anhydrous iron oxide. But over time, it turned brown as the mineral component was hydrated: in this case, hematite turns into limonite (ocher). This assumption is indirectly confirmed by the greater thickness of this layer - 0.25 mm (hydration leads to an increase in the volume of the mineral component).
In addition to red lead and brown ocher, the remains of gray and black paints were preserved on the samples. Gray is visually similar to cement, but differs from it in opacity. The layer thickness is 0.07-0.08 mm, the mineral component is presumably marl - a mixture of limestone and clay minerals. Black paint - conditionally soot - is observed in only one fragment and is the topmost layer in relation to others. Layer thickness up to 0.2 mm.
The lowest layer (red lead) was preserved better than others, because it is represented by the final product of mineral transformations of iron oxides under the conditions that exist on the surface and near-surface layer of the earth, the so-called hypergenesis zone. The thickness of this layer is consistent over the entire area, its surface has a structure similar to pebbled. Under the microscope, spots and holes of a round shape are clearly visible - traces of spraying. No stripes or other traces of drawing were found in any of the layers, no residues of fibrous material were found, i.e. paint is applied to the surface of the plaster using a paint sprayer, which is confirmed by the extremely low layer thickness. It is impossible to apply a uniform layer 0.07-0.08 mm thick with a brush or roller without leaving traces of the working tool.
At a magnification of 40 times, no grain is observed in all paints; the dye is represented by a finely dispersed material, which indicates the use of some kind of perfect technology in its production.
Who built this gigantic structure? Unbelievable, but true: in one of the small number of samples taken, it was possible to find the "calling card" of the ancient builder - a petrified hair. The hair protruded as a loop in a small (about 1 mm in diameter) void formed by an air bubble. There are many such voids in ancient concrete, their diameter is from fractions of a millimeter to - rarely - 2-3 mm. The protruding part was colorless and completely transparent. Apparently, the oxygen available in the void was enough to discolor the hair pigment. The hair had a round cross-section with a constant diameter along the entire length, a smooth glossy surface with a glassy sheen. It was possible to establish its diameter quite confidently by comparison. It turned out to be equal to 0.09 mm, plus or minus 10%. Unfortunately, the hair in the open air suddenly shattered into small scales. Then, grinding was performed using a diamond disk, after which both ends of the hair were found, going into the mass of the concrete binder material. Grinding made it possible to examine the hair fragments in the prepared form, because one of the ends is located approximately parallel to the grinding plane, respectively, a part of this fragment is cut along the hair axis.
Since the author of this article is not a specialist "hair scientist", it was decided to describe the structure of the hair in his own words, trying not to miss anything that can be seen under the microscope, so that a professional can isolate characteristic features from such a description that will help determine the identity of the hair.
In a longitudinal section, it is noticeable that the color of the hair has a transverse (i.e. concentric) zoning: a colored outer ring and an inner colorless core of about 1/4 of the visible diameter. The structure of the cut surface of the hair and the enclosing mass does not differ, which means: the organic material of the hair is replaced by calcite. The color of the lithified fragment is light brown when magnified by 40 times and brown when magnified by 18 times. The slightly alkaline carbonate medium probably contributed to the preservation of the pigment. It is possible that the observed zoning is a consequence of the lithification process.
… It is too early to speak about the belonging of the hair to a specific ethnic type, but, as far as I know, thin hair of a similar structure and color is characteristic of northern Europeans. Naturally, for comparison, I also looked at my own hair, not sparing for scientific purposes a sample from my modest hair. The shape, section size (thickness) and color are almost identical. Only the shades of color differ - the petrified hair looks duller, which, of course, is understandable and unprincipled. It seems that for further research it is enough to use my hair, and the results of this research can be seen at any time by looking in the mirror: average height, straight blond hair, profession - geophysical engineer.
… One of the classics once wrote that a person who sees a drop of water must guess about the existence of the Atlantic Ocean. Guided by this deductive principle, I will make an assumption that is by no means fantastic. The builder of the ancient pyramid was my distant ancestor …
Valery YURKOVETS