Where did Aton come from?
As is known from Egyptology, the emergence and decline of the cult of Aten are not directly related to Amenhotep IV (Achenaton) - Aten was glorified both before him and after, and the first mentions of Aten go back to the Middle Kingdom. It is also known that the cult of Aten manifested itself to the highest degree in the epoch of the XVIII dynasty, some of the pharaohs of which were not included in the official royal lists: the famous Tutankhamun, Achenaton and Ey. It is during their reign that signs of the worship of Aton are revealed.
At the dawn of Egyptology, scientists, arguing in accordance with their own ideas about religion, declared these pharaohs heretics and invented the myth of the pharaoh, who staged a revolution in Ancient Egypt. This is, of course, about Pharaoh Achenaton. The legend fell in love with the Egyptologists and became the official version of Egyptology, even though it contradicted the obvious facts indicated above. Egyptologists got out of this situation very awkwardly, stating that Aton is not the sun god at all, but the disc of the latter, therefore the adherents of the Aton cult allegedly worshiped the disc, not the sun. The version is very strange, but it also became an Egyptological dogma. Then why don't the Egyptians worship a square or a triangle?..
The far-fetchedness of this interpretation is more than obvious if we pay attention to the volumetric images (reliefs) of the Achenaton era, where the sun is shown as a ball, not a disk:
The very fact that the Egyptians were confident in the spherical shape of the sun is surprising, but for us in this case it is important that Aton is the same sun, called for some reason by a different name, in contrast to the sacred Ra. This is directly stated in the "Hymn to the god Aton": "The god Horakhti-Ra is alive, exulting in the sky, in his name is Shu, - he is Aton."
Promotional video:
Hypothesis
1. "Pharaohs-heretics" were not bad because they despised the religion of their ancestors. Their "defect" was that they did not have dynastic rights to the throne and did not belong to the House of Sun-like gods, which were considered legitimate pharaohs. This suggests the low status of Aten's fans.
2. The low status of the pharaohs did not allow them to communicate with the supreme god and call him the sacred name Ra. The solution was found in the following formula:
It is read aton. The first [A] in the word is an optional formant, known by the example of the names of the following gods: AmonMin, AtumTum *. Apparently, the formant [A] forms the full version of the name used in ceremonial occasions. The morpheme "TN" remains, which is conveyed by the upper two characters on the right:
Its translation is "THIS" or, in English, THIS **. Only the determinative pointed to the sun
so that it is clear who we are talking about.
What does it do?
1. We can now assume about the motive and nature of the sudden transition Ra => Aten: apparently, the ancient Egyptian "outsiders" had no right to pronounce the name Ra, so they were content with either the name ATN or simply TN.
2. The massiveness of the vernacular use of the name ATN led to the fact that it was sold in many variants: Adonis, Dionysus, Adonai, Theon, Tion, Divus, Dy, Zeus, Athena, Theona, Fiona, Danae, Dina, etc. Subsequently, it became a household name - TEOS.
3. In the following example, you can see how the hypothesis overturns a significant part of the historiography of Antiquity and reveals the phantom nature of many historical characters. Take the throne name of Queen Hatshepsut, MAAT-KA-RA, the translation of which is “the true Ka (image) of the god Ra”. But "outsiders" could pronounce it only in the following form: MAAT-KA-ATON. Moreover, the first [A] in the name of Aton could be read as "a" or as "and" (by analogy with the English letter i). Practice shows that the widespread use of such long names often led to the reduction of lexemes (loss of phonemes and corresponding letters). As a rule, the initial syllables of the words included in the name were pronounced, and the last words were often preserved in a strongly deformed form, i.e. from long titles abbreviations arose - acronyms. Therefore, the name MAAT-KA-ATON eventually began to be pronounced as MAKITON,and later the dialectal MACIDON was established. It was this that became the epithet of Alexander the Great. Although the very name ALEXANDER is also very curious, but about him - below. Alexander the Great is known to have been born in Macedonia. It is not difficult to guess its capital - it is PELLA, i.e. PR + RA (with rotacism it is transformed into PL + LA), which means "temple of the god Ra". But for the "outsiders" the name Ra was taboo, so they pronounced PR + ATON, now known in the form of PARFENON, for T was written with the hieroglyph of the sun, which later became the capital letter θ (theta) in the Greek alphabet, with the following vocalizations ('t', 'n', 'f', 'Z'). The phrase PR + ATON also has a simpler version of the vowel: PL + ATON = PLATO. Thus, the "temple of Aton" (PLATO) was transformed into the "school of Plato" located in Athens (ATHENA = ATHEN [A]).
Full decryption of the name "Alexander the Great"
We will not consider the official version, because there is nothing intelligible in it. She gives neither the etymology of the epithet "Macedonian", nor the name Alexander itself. The Macedonian epithet was discussed above and it means "True Image of the Sun".
To decipher the name Alexander, let us turn to the ancient Egyptian images of Alexander the Great, among which there are many cartouches:
Here we see a portrait of our hero, and in the upper right corner - a cartouche named Imn-stp-n-mrj-Ra. Translation of the name: Amon, chosen for the beloved Ra. Judging by the canonical refined style, this is the personal name of the king.
The throne's name is written in another cartouche:
Above the cartouche you can see a fragment of the standard formula nbw-hсw, meaning "the master of all phenomena (sunrises)."
Drawing a cartouche:
It contains the name Alexander in alphabetical order. The name is a combination of two words:
The first
reads 3rwks (dialect - 3lwks). The first "A" is the phonetic equivalent
(see above), the word rwk (s) is a synonym for the popular ḥq3, meaning "ruler" (in Latin rwks took the form Rex, meaning a royal title). Obviously, rwk (s) expresses a higher (royal) status in contrast to the shepherd's staff (ḥq3), which at one time became an integral attribute of the notorious Hyksos (ḥq3 ḥ3swt). The title of Alexander (IA Ladynin, "Once again about the Egyptian royal title of Alexander the Great") also contains elements of the title of the Hyksos - ḥq3 kni tkn-ḥ3swt - which once again testifies to the far-fetchedness of their "invasion", which arose as a result of a misunderstanding of the title ḥq3 ḥ3swt ("ruler in foreign countries").
Second
It also starts with the [A] formant followed by ndrs. The ending s is typical of male names, came into use during the 19th dynasty and later penetrated into the Greek language. Remains "ndr", which is nothing more than a slightly modified ancient Egyptian "ntr" - "god".
We have received everything we need to fully decipher the semantics of the name Alexander the Great. Let's partially write it using Old Russian vocabulary:
It is curious that the sound in English is reminiscent of Old Russian: I am King I am God, the True Likeness of Sun God.
Actually, there was nothing surprising in the name. Plutarch does not hide the fact that Alexander the Great is a god who was born of an immaculate conception and was resurrected at the age of 33.
In parallel, we found out the origin and meaning of the name Andrey, tk. it is an integral part of the name Alexander (Indrs) and means "(I) god".
It is curious that the name Andrew was also widespread in Mesopotamia. Obviously it was borrowed. So, Perepyolkin quotes the spelling variants of this name from the work of the French Assyrologist Gauthier:
in-trjw-š, in-trw-š, in-drjw-š, ndrjw-š
But the most surprising thing is different. Historians identify this name as Darius! Those. it turns out that Darius is the other side of Alexander.
***
* - in the names we know, the ancient tradition of forming full names using the formant [A] has been preserved, or, conversely, the formation of abbreviated names with its loss:
Anfisa - Fisa
Apollinaria - Polinaria
Artyom - Tyoma
Athanasius - Panas, Thanas
Afinogen - Finogen, Finogey
Aksana - Ksana, Ksyusha
Aksinya - Xenia
In the following examples, the same thing happens with the initial [AND]. Apparently, as in the ancient Egyptian language, it is equivalent to the formant [A]:
Ivan - Vanya, Jean, Van
Isidore - Sidor
Ismail - Smanya, Smail
Izot - Zot
Israel - Srul
Hilarion - Larion
Iraida - Rida, Raida, Riida.
** - I wonder what the hieroglyph
used to write the formant [A], is identical to the English letter I both in appearance and semantics.
One more remark. Obviously, the family of English words the, this, those, that comes from the reduced (without the initial
the implicit name of the sun god is ΑΘΗΝ, i.e. from ΘΗΝ. In this case, it is not the very fact of borrowing that is surprising, but the fact that the original semantics has been preserved in English - THIS, THIS, THAT.
Author: Andrey Kudryavets
