Nikolai Novgorodov, a scientist and writer from the Tomsk branch of the Russian Geographical Society, intends to assemble an archaeological expedition, and plans to find artifacts proving the presence of Alexander the Great on the territory of modern Siberia, in the Tomsk region. “I am sure that the final Macedonian campaign took place in Siberia. Scientists - the Greeks Diodorus and Strabo, who accompanied the Macedonian on the campaign, determined the latitude of the area by the shade of the trees on the day of the summer (winter) solstice. Their data indicate that Alexander's army crossed the northern latitudes from 47th to 64th degrees. " These latitudes do not correspond at all to the latitude of the Indian subcontinent, they are much higher than the latitude of Samarkand (South Siberia begins north of Samarkand from the 48th parallel) "- says the scientist. As we have already learned,Siberia in the distant past had the name "India Prehistoric" (India Superior). It was in the "Indian" Siberia that Macedonian fought with the Siberian peoples and the king Porus. He was captured and after fulfilling the conditions set, released from captivity and released. Most likely, these events were erased from the history of the "invincible" Alexander, and horror stories were composed about the peoples of Siberia, like about Gog and Magog.
The rector of the University of Krakow, Matthew Mekhovsky, a Jesuit and a freemason, in his book "Notes on Two Sarmatians", which was published in 1516, describes Siberia as a wild country, where the peoples inhabiting it are in a primitive, wild state, which instead of clothes, skins of killed animals. Even sketches of visiting foreigners have been preserved.
So they allegedly personally saw the headless Siberians. They also claim that there is a Siberian tribe of Samoyeds (Samoget Gindian, Samogets), which eat each other and personally to one of these grief tourists, the Samoyed father allegedly hacked his daughter to death for a treat. But if you remember, the priests, wise men, sorcerers, specially spread terrible myths for foreigners, so as not to poke their noses into secret places. Those who were allowed to enter forbidden places depicted the Samoyeds in this way, the picture below.
The translator of the Ambassadorial Prikaz in Muscovy Milesku Spafari to the book "Siberia and China" argued that the Siberian land was superior to all other parts of the world in antiquity, that peoples settled from here, that writing, civil customs and urban planning itself were spreading. The Icelandic poet and geographer Snorri Sturlusson adhered to a similar point of view: almost three hundred years before Mekhovsky, he characterized Siberians as people with wisdom, strength, beauty and all kinds of knowledge. In addition, the Icelander pointed out that there was a city of the greatest world fame here.
The mention of cities by Sturlusson and Spafari casts doubt on the eternal Siberian savagery. Could savages build cities? It is clear that cities and savagery are incompatible concepts.
For the peoples of Europe, all information about the residence of Rus and Rusyns in Siberia was basically banned.
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At the beginning of the 17th century, and especially after the collapse of the Great Power of Tartary in 1775 (for the West of the "Mongol" Empire), the great "Mongol" conquest began to be depicted in Western Europe and in Romanov Russia, in the blackest colors. We were not shy about choosing expressions.
Let us cite eloquent fragments from European chronicles, allegedly dated by the XIII-XV centuries, but in fact written or substantially edited already in the XVII-XVIII centuries. They tell of the invasion of the "Mongols" as the barbaric invasion of Gog and Magog.
A detailed description of the Tatars is found in the "Great Chronicle" of Matthew of Paris, allegedly under 1240. This is what he says, apparently, in the era not earlier than the XVI-XVII centuries.
“So that the joy of mortals would not be eternal, so that they would not remain for a long time in peaceful joy without groaning, in that year the damned Satanic people, namely countless hordes of Tatars, suddenly appeared from their locality, surrounded by mountains; and, breaking through the solidity of immovable stones, emerging like demons freed from tartar, like locusts, they swarmed, covering the surface of the earth.
Speaking about the Tatars as a people who escaped from behind the “monolith of immovable stones”, Matthew of Paris unequivocally identifies the Tatars with Gog and Magog, who broke through the “wall of Alexander”, i.e. Alexander the Great.
Matthew continues: “They subjected the extremities of the eastern borders to a deplorable devastation, devastating them with fire and sword … They are inhuman people and like wild animals. Monsters should be called them, and not people, for they greedily drink blood, tear to pieces the flesh of dogs and humans and devour it."
All that has been said applies to the Siberian peoples and the information war unleashed in the West since those ancient times was supposed to whitewash those who would destroy these peoples without pity.
For persuasiveness, Matthew of Paris illustrates what was said with an expressive drawing, see below.
Here is another picture, like us, wild Mongols or Siberian Tartars, were represented in "enlightened" medieval Europe.
Once our Slavic-Aryan peoples brought a lot of trouble to the Roman Empire, in impotent rage they unleashed an information war against us, which later spread throughout Europe. Much later after the collapse of the Roman Empire, 1200 years later, the Emperor of All Russia, Peter the Great, beloved by the people, called Russians animals: “I do not deal with people, but with animals that I want to transform into people. With other European nations it is possible to achieve the goal in humane ways, but not so with the Russians …
European "traditions" are unshakable, even today Patriarch Kirill calls our peoples before Christian times barbarians, second-class people, almost beasts, here are his words:
“… In a sense, we are the Church of Cyril and Methodius. They left the enlightened Greco-Roman world, and went to preach to the Slavs. And who were the Slavs? These are barbarians, people who speak an incomprehensible language, they are second-class people, they are almost animals. And so enlightened men went to them, brought them the light of Christ's truth and did something very important - they began to speak with these barbarians in their language, they created the Slavic alphabet, Slavic grammar and translated the Word of God into this language."
This brilliant blindness in front of civilized Europe and great men do not realize that Cyril and Methodius were neither Greeks nor Romans. They came from the Byzantine city of Thessaloniki. It is known from the “Brief Life of Clement of Ohridsky” that Cyril and Methodius were Bulgarians. Thessaloniki, where the brothers were born, was at that time part of the Slavic territory and was the cultural center of Macedonia.
The information war against us today is not the beginning, it is its continuation.
So that we are savages, according to the West, Alexander the Great tried to protect us from the civilized world, but a mistake came out, then it was necessary to recognize the residence of our peoples in ancient Siberian Russia and his military defeat from our ancestors. So there was a decision to consign into oblivion the Macedonian campaign to Siberia, and leave the Siberian Lukomorie with fairy-tale characters in Pushkin's tales.
Well, what wall was built by Alexander the Great to fence off the "civilized world" from Gog and Magog, that is, from us, from the Siberians, the conversation will go below.
Finding a reason, in response to the murder of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in Germany, on January 15, 1919, the relatives of Emperor Nicholas II were shot as hostages.
Among them, the Bolsheviks shot the Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich (1859-1919). He was a historian, had access to the imperial and family archives. Studying the life of his crowned ancestor, he came to the conclusion that Alexander I did not die in Taganrog in 1825, and for another 35 years he lived in Siberia, most of it in Tomsk, under the name of Elder Fyodor Kuzmich. For this work N. M. Romanov was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences, so his work was highly appreciated.
The Russian Academy of Sciences and Maxim Gorky petitioned the Council of People's Commissars and personally to Lenin with a request to save the life of the historian Romanov, but Lenin and the Council of People's Commissars were adamant: "Revolutions are not needed by historians!" The perpetrators of the execution were: J. H. Peters, M. I. Latsis, I. K. Ksenofontov and secretary O. Ya. Murnek. Bolshevik logic is easy to understand: they were going to build a new world, destroying the old world and discarding its history as unnecessary trash. And we, the present, do we need the history of our ancestors, this dust of centuries? How much do we “release” to study history? How much do we pay historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, ethnographers? And they get what is called "tears". So it turns out that we are faithful to the precepts of Lenin, and we do not need history. But the "necessary" story for Russia is written for grants and funds of the West, they do not spare money there.
N. M. Romanov knew many secrets of history, one of them is the campaign of Alexander the Great to Siberia, it is a pity that his works were mostly destroyed, and we will deal with what has come down to us.
Let's start with the fact that there are two irreconcilable versions of the second part of the Macedonian campaign. One is considered scientific, historical, it is also called Western. The Western version says that "after Darius" Alexander pacified the rebellious Scythians and Sogdians for three years in the area between the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers.
After conquering the Sogdians, he crossed the Hindu Kush and invaded India, floated down the Indus to the Indian Ocean and from there led the army to Babylon by land. The western version is considered scientific. It is based on the works of the ancient authors Diodorus Siculus, Flavius Arrian, Justin, Plutarch, Strabo and Quintus Curtius Rufus. These authors wrote their works 300-500 years after the campaign and relied on the published memoirs of the comrades-in-arms of Alexander Ptolemy, Nearchus, Aristobulus, Onesikritus and Hareth, who used the "ephemeris" - the royal diary of the campaign. Unfortunately, none of the memoirs of his associates has survived.
According to the second, Eastern version (Klitarkh, Juvenal, Ferdowsi, Nizami, Navoi, Koran, Vladimir Monomakh, Sholem Aleichem), they were originally based on oral stories of the campaign veterans. Alexander "after Darius" crosses the Kypchak steppes, fights long and hard with the Rus, visits China, goes to the Chinese Sea (the Kara Sea was then called), builds the Iron Gate in the Land of Gloom against the Gogs and Magogs, and then leaves for Babylon.
The question arises, who to believe? Humanity believed the "scientists" and did not believe the "poets". It would seem that it is so natural to believe in strict science and to doubt the passionate cries of poets, who, for the sake of a catchphrase, will scramble whatever they hit. Nevertheless, let us believe the poets, because they are the “bare nerve” and the conscience of the people. Historians have long lost their conscience, repeating only what the authorities want. And then there is a mixture of long-term ethno-historical interests of some outstanding peoples who, in the struggle for their antiquity, do not shy away from theft and forgery.
The poets of those times were held in high esteem. A poet is the wisdom and conscience of the people. In the old days, poets wrote, of course, floridly, but they strictly adhered to the truth. This is how Nizami Ganjavi wrote about it:
The clarity of my thought is from the source of knowledge, Having learned all the sciences, I achieved recognition.
Poets of all times and peoples claimed that Alexander crossed the Kypchak (Polovtsian) steppes, fought for a long time with the Rus and reached the Sea of Darkness. In the second century, the Roman poet Juvenal ran around Rome and shouted that Alexander the Great had reached a motionless, that is, a frozen sea, and this was in the Land of Darkness, that is, in the Arctic.
It turns out interestingly, if there are two versions of the Macedonian campaign, and one of them is hidden, then you can try to restore the truth. The scientific world follows a strictly built logic of the development of the historical past, starting with Darwin and monkeys, ending with Einstein and nuclear missiles. But for some reason, most of the preserved artifacts are kept in the storerooms of museums around the world. In the Hermitage alone, 5% of the exhibits are exhibited, the rest is in storerooms. It seems that on the shelves in the vaults, among other things, are hidden artifacts that do not fit into the general concept of the historical construction. So this inconvenient campaign of the Macedonian is hidden, one can only guess, the campaign to "Siberia" was before Hindustan or after, and maybe from this general campaign that part was cut out where the Macedonian failed to conquer the Scythians, i.e. our ancestors?
Since this secret is sealed with seven seals, let us turn to the Azerbaijani poet Nizami Ganjavi. At the very beginning of the 13th century, he wrote a novel in verse "Iskander-name", where he describes those distant events and just he says that the Macedonian, bypassing Bulgaria, went further north.
It is quite possible that modern Tatars, and they are undoubted Caucasians, these are Tomsk, Ob, Kama, Volga, may be descendants of Alexander. These Tatars are now positioning themselves as the descendants of the Bulgars who moved from Siberia to the Kama and Volga. One of the first mentions of Bulgars was during the Great Migration of Peoples. Numerous tribes that arrived in Eastern Europe are referred to as Huns, ancient Turks, Bulgarians, Barsils, Suvars, Baranzhars, Khazars, etc. All the tribes of the Hunnic Union were called Huns or Scythians.
Arab and Persian geographers placed the Bulgars' country in the seventh climate and considered it the northernmost country inhabited by Muslims. Ibn Rust in his “Book of Treasures” (903-913) reports about it in more detail: “The Bulgar land is adjacent to the land of Burtases. Bulgars live on the banks of the river, which flows into the Khazar (Caspian) Sea and is called Itil … Their country consists of swampy areas and dense forests, among which they live. A more concrete idea of the southeastern limits of the Volga Bulgaria of the 10th century is given by the reports of al-Istakhri and the anonymous author “Khudud al-alam” (“Borders of the world”), which bring the territory of the Bulgars to the limits of Yaik (Ural river).
The peculiarity of the Bulgar society lies in the fact that it does not copy either the Western European (Frankish), or the Arab-Persian (Muslim), or the Old Russian, or the nomadic models.
The Islamization of the Bulgars influenced the formation of a class society, which ended no later than the middle of the 10th century. In the second half of the X-XI centuries. there have been significant changes in the socio-political structure of society. To a certain extent, this was facilitated by the fall of the Khazar Kaganate - the former suzerain of the Volga Bulgaria. The Bulgarian kingdom in the Balkans arose much later, and here we see that during the time of Macedonian Bulgaria already existed from the Volga to the Urals. And what do historians tell us when Bulgaria arose? Let me remind you that Macedonian was born in 356 BC.
Regarding the Bulgars as the descendants of the warriors of Alexander the Great, Nizami has a specific statement:
Confused by the abundance of the military of his forces, In the area of darkness going to hesitate decided.
Not one was a large cave, Near the places where the camp of Tsar Iskender stood.
Then the sovereign deigned to wish
So that all the excess luggage could be accommodated in the caves.
And from those who remained with their luggage in the desert, It became crowded. This land lives to this day.
"Buni gar" - "the depths of the caves" means, and here
The whole land calls this region Bulgar.
Shahi of this country (so decided are right)
There are descendants of the warriors of the Rum state …
… The tsar ordered the elderly and the sick to stay:
He considered their trip into the darkness unnecessary …
… And gray-haired people remained with their luggage in the caves …
Here we see that, bypassing Bulgaria, Alexander is preparing for a campaign in the land of darkness and darkness, i.e. to the north. But with whom did the Macedonian fight?
Here, for example, is a description of the struggle of the Aryan tribes with the army of Alexander the Great (IV century BC):
And when the leader of all Rus is Kintal
Before the inevitable orders of the stars rose, He has seven tribes to be in the indicated place
ordered and removed them like a bride.
And the Khazars, Burtases, Alans tributaries, Like a stormy sea, an immense stream.
From the possessions of Isu to the Kipchak possessions
The steppe dressed in chain mail, in the sparkle of their ranks …
The red-faced Russians sparkled. They
They sparkled like magicians sparkle fires.
Khazranians - to the right, Burtasov - to the left, Exclamations of anger were clearly heard.
And they were from the wings: a harbinger of trouble, All the army of the Alans closed the ranks.
The Russians stood in the middle. Their thought is harsh:
They, apparently, do not like the dominion of Rum!
Here is a listing of the peoples who fought with Alexander the Great.
We must not forget that the poet Nizami was a native of the city of Ganji, and by the 12th century the Russians had invaded his native land not for the first time, and therefore he should have known well their origin and appearance. It is not for nothing that he writes about "the cheeks of the Rus are bakan, the eyes of the Rus are indigo", i.e. We are talking about bright red and bright blue tones (Sanskrit "ind" - blue), noted by other writers among the main features of the Rus! And they lived in those ancient times in the basin of the Ind-Ob river, after the division of Eurasia into Europe and Asia, our peoples began to be called Rus and Rusyns.
As the famous Sanskritologist and Siberian scholar Rakhul Sanskrityan believed, it was from Siberia, from the banks of the Ob in 1770 BC. went to India-Indo-Aryan. Before leaving to the south, they called the Ob River Ind, Angara - Ganges, and the surrounding land - India. It was to this Prehistoric India (IndiaSuperior), or rather to Siberia, that Alexander went!
The war with the Rus is the main content of the "Indian" part of Alexander's campaign. The Greeks called the Rus either Scythians or Indians, although it would be more correct to call them Vends, Wends. In this regard, it is indicative that even in the 5th century BC. Sophocles called a certain people who mined amber on the Eridani River near the shores of the Northern Ocean Indians, and Herodotus called Enets (Veneti). And after all, it was on the shores of the same ocean that Ptolemy placed the Primordial India (IndiaSuperior). The explanation of this ethno and toponymy, strange at first glance, is the concept of the Taimyr Ancestral Homeland, from which, budding, the proton peoples dispersed across the Earth: the Sumerians, Hittites, Indo-Aryans, Iranians, Germans, Slavs, etc.
Some part of the Rus tribe, known to us as Sery Serbs, Sabaraks, voluntarily submitted to Alexander, who declared to the Great Conqueror: "You and I are of the same blood." And this is no accident, the Macedonian origin was a Serb. He often appointed satraps from the local princes, and in this connection, he was appointed satrap Sibiry. Comparing the Sabaraks with Siberia, as well as Serov, Siberians, Serbs, we get impeccable Siberians. Well, everything is clear with the Russians, they lived on both sides of the Ural mountains, now let's see who the Burtases are.
In the old chronicle one can read: "from German to Korela, from Korela to Ustug … from Bulgars to Burtas, from Burtas to Chermis, from Chermis to Mordovians …". As you can see, the halo of their habitation is between the Bulgars and Cheremis with Mordovians.
- "Isuitsy were from the wings" - this is a northern people from Ugra. Scientists are still arguing about their origin, but in the "Slavic Vedas" the Yurians are mentioned. Arab travelers Ibn Fadlan and Al-Garnati, who visited the Volga Bulgaria, called Yugra Yura. So, the Isuytsy-Yurians are from Ugra, and this is the Subpolar Urals and Trans-Urals.
The next are the Alans, this militant Cossack tribe, gradually migrated from Siberia to the Russian Plain and to Central Asia.
A fragment of the Alans survived even in Turkmenistan, V. Bakhtiarov wrote about them in 1930:
“In Turkmenistan, the Alans are found under the name Olam in the Serakh region, as part of the Salyr tribe (the Karaman branch) and the Ulam, in the Khojambass region, where they live separately from the Turkmen-Arsarians, maintaining the purity of blood, without mixing with others, including and Turkish tribes. Alans do not betray their daughters to other Turkmen tribes; moreover, within one tribe, from one clan to another, they are given out in exceptional cases. According to the old people, in the distant past, the Alans' hats resembled the hats of the Russian Cossacks, tall, with a top made of colored fabric, and the color blue and red predominated.
The Alans came to the Khojambass region, as the old people report, from the Mangishlak peninsula, where they had a large fortification called Alan.
The last of the described traditions makes the Alans very close to the Cossacks, and not at all the Turks!
All this is very much in line with the fact that the "ulans" or "uglans" (in the translations of the Crimean labels - "Alans" - see the Collection of Princes Obolensky, I, 22, etc.) were the nobility in the Horde. So the Alans closer to our times, they began to call them ulans. In Turkic ulan, this is a horse warrior, in Buryat it is red, remember, Ulan Bator, which means red (red) hero.
If you recall, more than a hundred years ago the Alans-Uhlans were Bengali, German, French, Lithuanian, Polish, etc., their main difference is the presence of a spear.
And this is what M. Lomonosov wrote about: “Pliny's Alans unite with the Roksalans into one Sarmatian people … Ptolemy's Roksalans are called the Alanors by the figurative addition (Book 6, Ch. 14). The names Aors and Roxane or Rossane in Strabo assert the exact unity of the Ross and Alans”.
Ptolemy wrote that the Scythian Alauns, who were a branch of the strong Sarmatians, at unknown times left their places on the Don, Volga and Caucasus and went to an even farther north. And this is a tracing of the movement of Alanoros, both from Siberia and back to their prehistoric homeland.
Prince Obolensky wrote that the Alans existed under three different names: "Tavro Alan, Ross Alan and Alan", communicating along the way the words of the 10th century chronicler Gregory, Bishop of Bulgaria, who considered the descendants of Yafet - the Great Scythians not only the Russes, but also the Khazars (Chronicle of the Russian Tsars, page 2).
- Khazars, Khazranians.
In Armenian and Arabic literature, there are indications of the Khazars in connection with the eastern conquests of Alexander the Great. Domestic historian of the XIX century. Yegor Klassen considered the Khazars to be the Arachosians, who met on the way of Alexander in his Eastern campaign. Historians ignore these indications, despite the fact that they testify to the Siberian ancestral home of the Khazars. It should also be remembered that the Khazars before the VIII century. were not Jews, it was a Slavic tribe, this was remembered only recently. And Ashkenazi Jews and Slavic-Aryans have one common ancestor of the genus R1a.
The Jews who came here after the Mazdok uprising in Persia (Iran) became the ruling elite afterwards, and the Turks later, both Muslims and shamanists, converted to Judaism. The people, who had lost their priests, were forced to submit to the Jewish priests-high priests and their mercenary soldiers. The Khazar kings relied on a hired Muslim guard recruited in Khorezm and paid for from the proceeds from transit trade.
In general, the military class mainly consisted of mercenaries from different countries and it was with them that Prince Svyatoslav had to fight and free his fellow tribesmen. In 965, Prince Svyatoslav destroyed the Khazar Khaganate and on this occasion, the Day of Russian Glory is celebrated by the Old Believers on July 3. This was also facilitated by the flood, the overflowing waters of the Caspian destroyed part of the Khazar villages and they lost their reinforcements.
The surviving Khazars in one part moved to Europe, and we now know them as Sephardim and Ashkenazim, another insignificant part of them turned to Khorezm for help and received it at the cost of converting to Islam. This was their salvation, after a while they would settle in Bukhara, the capital of the Sogdian state, and ruin this country. Today, Central Asian Jews (Bukhori, Isroil or Yahudi), leaving for permanent residence in Israel, call themselves Bukharian Jews there.
In historical terms, everyone is well aware of the "Biblical" history of the Sephardim, which includes the promised Palestine, the Persian and Babylonian captivity, the "visit" and the robbery of Egypt, the subsequent resettlement across the world. However, this story has nothing to do with Ashkenazi Jews. Koestler noted that the Ashkenazi Jews had Khazar ancestors, and therefore the ancient history of the Ashkenazi is the history of the Khazars and Khazar migration in the general ethno-flow from east to west from Siberia to the Lower Volga region and to the North Caucasus.
As for "blood", the Khazar Slavs were not Sephardic Jews by blood. The Khazar king Joseph himself confidently declares this in a letter to the Spanish Jew Hasdai: “You ask me in your letter: 'What kind and tribe are you from?' I inform you that I am from the sons of Japheth, from the descendants of Togarma. So I found in the genealogical books of my ancestors that Togarma had ten sons; these are their names: the firstborn is Aviyor, the second is Turis, the third is Avaz, the fourth is Uguz, the fifth is Biz-l, the sixth is T-r-na, the seventh is Khazar, the eighth is Yanur, the ninth is Bulgar, the tenth is Savir. I am from the sons of the Khazar … ". Thus, Joseph unambiguously emphasizes that Ashkenazi Jews are Caucasians in the racial sense and Indo-Europeans in language, and not Semites. As you can see, the Slavic tribes familiar to us walked hand in hand for a long time, and the Khazars, Bulgars, and Savirs-Serbs were from the same bosom,from Siberia. The fact that the Khazar king Joseph refers to the ancient books of the Scythians does not bother anyone, for the scientific world the Scythians are nomads, savages, nothing more.
Many artifacts are found in the Ob region, some of the finds belong to the Bulgaro-Khazar group of peoples, among them the Khazar silver ladle of the 9th century. and the silver head of the monster.
When did the Khazars adopt the Jewish religion? King Joseph in a famous letter attributes this event to 340 years before his time, that is, not later than 621. Yehud Halevi in the "Khazar Book" indicates the first half of the 8th century. According to Masudi, the Jewish religion became dominant in Khazaria from the time of Harun al-Rashid (786-809). MI Artamonov considers it more likely that this event took place at the beginning of the 9th century. The difference of two hundred years is, of course, great, but it pales in the face of a difference of one and a half millennia. This is precisely the difference in the timing of the confession of Judaism between the Sephardic and Ashkenazi. It is no coincidence that the Levites who set the rabbinic tone in Judaism are, first of all, the Sephardim.
Later, the Bulgars, like the Khazars, sought to create their own state on the model of the Great Turan, which united the steppes from the Great Wall of China to the Don and from Southern Siberia to the borders of Iran.
The culture of the Khazars and Bulgarians was not tribal, but state. Both those and others knew writing, however, having founded their kingdoms, both peoples began to change their cultural orientation. Part of the Khazars was accepted in the 8th century. Judaism, Bulgarians of the Balkans in the 9th century became zealous Orthodox Christians along with the Slavs they led, and the Bulgarians of the Volga and Kama at the beginning of the 10th century. converted to Islam. Thus, in all these countries, the world religions defeated the old tribal beliefs. But we must remember that, in general, the prevailing population of Khazaria is the Slavs-Khazars, Turkic-Khazars and Judeo-Khazars.
Let's continue.
So, in the very first approximation, Alexander from the Ural River in the winter of 330-329 advanced through the South Siberian steppes to the Ob River, which he took for the Indus. Deep snow lay on the banks. In the summer and autumn of 329, he fought with the local peoples, gradually moving east. It wintered in the south of the Minusinsk depression in the foothills of the Western Sayan. In the spring, his army crossed the Western Sayan from north to south along the so-called “Genghis Khan road,“having India on the right”and went to rest in Samarkand, from where in the spring of 327 it again moved to“India”.
In his work, Nizami used the works of Persian and Arab historians, free from Christian censorship. His work from various sources formed a harmonious poetic narration “Iskander-name”. In his poems, he notes about the fear of the Macedonian in the upcoming campaign against Russia.
Only adversity will send me the hand of the firmament.
Why did I longed for a heavy trip!
If troubles direct their raid on the world, Even the world's darlings will recoil from neg.
My hike is over. It was started for free!
Indeed, only once a year does the lion become passionate.
I can't hike, they hate me!
And my days will end in the campaign to Rus!"
Why does the Macedonian fear a campaign against Russia? The fact is that not a single chronicle has preserved his first military campaign against Scythia, that is, against us, only oral legends say that he lost the battle and therefore he knows what he will have to face again.
Then, writes Nizami, thanks to the personal entry into the battle of the divine Alexander, the cup of victory somehow unconvincingly tilted in favor of the Macedonians. It is well known that Alexander the Great was not in China. What kind of China, in this case, is Nizami talking about?
The fact is that firstly, in the Middle Ages, China, Katai and Karakitai, was the name of the country in the south of Western Siberia, which can be seen on the medieval maps of Mercator, Gondius, Sanson, Herberstein and other authors. This country was located in the Upper Ob region and it is no coincidence that Lake Teletskoye was called Chinese on all maps. Many of the hydronyms Kitat and Katat have survived from this. Those closest to Tomsk have sources near the Suranovo station near Taiga. Secondly, the meaning of China-Katai is a far-located land (end of the earth), a distant country, and the third more ancient meaning is a high fence, a fenced country.
If we assume that Alexander visited this particular China, then it is easy to believe that from here he made a dash into the Land of Darkness, spending a month on this journey. At the same time, he did, however, two day trips a day.
Having overcome difficulties of this kind
The sovereign made the transition two a day.
He was on the road for a month. The sun is eternal power
She changed her direction in heaven.
Light from the far north sent forth the firmament.
At the same moment, sunset and sunrise were observed.
Latitudes were leaning towards the eye. Between them
The extreme north fluttered with its latitudes.
And then the troops were on the sidelines, Where the sun appeared to them only in a dream, The earth stole the light of heaven around, Only darkness was the king of these gloomy places.
The hypothesis presented to the readers' judgment is very difficult to understand. For more than two thousand years, mankind has become accustomed to the idea that Alexander the Great visited India (Hindustan) in the Eastern campaign. The suggestion that Alexander fought in Siberia instead of India is met with harsh opposition.
The latitudes indicated by ancient scientists cannot in any way correspond to the latitudes of the Indian subcontinent, they are much higher than the latitudes of Samarkand. According to the chairman of the Tomsk branch of the Russian Geographical Society, Pyotr Okishev, the hypothesis put forward by Professor Novgorodov is interesting and not unfounded. “The latitudes calculated from the shade of the trees are truly northern latitudes. Heinrich Schliemann's hypothesis of Troy also seemed fantastic at the time, but it was confirmed by excavations,”the scientist comments. According to the descriptions of Strabo and Diodorus, Alexander the Great floated down the river to the ocean, where he found a huge estuary at the mouth of the river, i.e. bay. In Hindustan, the Indus has no gulf, there is a delta like the Volga.
According to the chairman of the Tomsk branch of the Russian Geographical Society, Pyotr Okishev, Nikolai Novgorodov's hypothesis is very interesting and very convincing. It is confirmed by historical descriptions of a huge river estuary, where Alexander's ships reached. Perhaps we are talking about the Ob Bay or the Yenisei Gulf.
Spending the winter in this area, Alexander the Great suffered from severe frosts, and in order to keep warm he burned most of his ships. Such cold weather at the mouth of the Indus at the latitude of the northern tropic is out of the question, Novgorodov noted.
This can only be on the Siberian Ob River, which in ancient times was called the Indus. In addition to these facts, according to him, there are a number of others confirming Alexander's stay in Siberia (Siberian tribes, for example, the Arimasps, were undoubtedly recorded among the peoples and tribes that met on his way).
Historians Arrian and Diodorus say in their texts - where the Macedonian was, there was a terrible cold. The king and his soldiers sometimes did not feel their legs, and the Sun in the spring was so bright that they suffered from snow blindness. “The country does not look cultivated and planted: it lies in the sparkling whiteness of snow and frozen ice. A bird will not sit down, an animal will not run across the road: everything is inhospitable and unapproachable in this country,”the historian Diodorus wrote about Siberia (India). Of course, such frosts were unthinkable in the subtropics of the Indian subcontinent. During the Eastern campaign, Alexander met the Arimasp tribe, and they, as you know, were the most northern people on the way to Hyperborea, even Herodotus assured of this. In addition, Sulfur is mentioned, of course, the Siberian people and the Sabaraks with the Tsar of Siberia, these are undoubtedly Serbs.
Nearchus also brought to Greece the news about the Serh-Serbs, a long-lived people (fantastic as it may seem, according to the descriptions they lived up to 200 years). Sulfur later often met in the descriptions of the northern, Siberian peoples. Near the river Kofena (Kotena), the warlike Katais lived, whom Alexander, nevertheless, conquered. Medieval maps of Siberia show the country of Katay and Kara-Katay on the banks of the Katun River. These Katais inspired Persian poets with the idea that Alexander was visiting China.
Over the centuries, our people have preserved the tradition that Alexander the Great was in Siberia.
The learned Greeks accompanying Alexander's army measured the length of the shadow from trees of a certain height everywhere. They did it at noon (the midday line is the shortest shadow). The ratio of the height of the tree to the length of the shadow was determined by the tangent of the angle of the sun above the horizon at noon, and the tangent of the angle itself.
The height of the sun above the horizon depends on the latitude of the area and on the season. In Tomsk, for example, on the winter solstice of December 21-22, the sun does not rise above 10 degrees. And at the summer solstice at the end of June it reaches 56 degrees. In subtropical India, the sun does not drop below 34 degrees above the horizon in winter.
The Greeks brought some measurements to us. Diodorus wrote that a tree 70 cubits high cast a shadow over three plephra. With an elbow dimension of 0.45 m and a plephra of 28.7 m, the tangent is 0.354 and the angle itself is 19.5 degrees. The latitude calculation for the winter solstice is shown in the figure.
The latitude is 47 degrees. If the measurement was made at any other time of the year, it was made to the north. If, say, at the equinox, then at a latitude of 70 degrees, and at the summer solstice, even at the pole, the sun does not drop below 23 degrees.
This is what the Tomsk scientist, geologist and local historian, the author of numerous articles and books on the history of Siberia, Nikolai Sergeevich Novgorodov, says:
“According to trigonometry and celestial mechanics, Alexander’s army at that time was 15 degrees north of India. It is over 1600 km. Strabo gave half of the second dimension. He did not indicate the height of the tree, but the length of the shadow turned out to be equal to five stages (925 m). If the measurement was taken in India in winter, the height of the tree should be more than six hundred meters. There are no such trees on Earth. At normal tree height, this measurement was made in the Subpolar region at a latitude of 64 degrees with the sun being 2 degrees above the horizon. Agree, there is no smell of India in the Polar region.
From the transcript of the conversation with Novgorodov:
- Do you mean that (as in the case of Columbus, who went to discover India, and discovered America), in written sources India was simply called a country unknown to historians of the Macedonian?
- Quite right. The famous English philologist and orientalist Max Müller (1823-1900) emphasized that all unknown countries in the old days were called Indies. On the map of Siberia, Claudius Ptolemy, INDIA Superior is located on the shores of the Arctic Ocean. And on the historical and ethnographic map of the Siberian Metropolitan Cornelius, compiled in Tobolsk in 1673, the Indian Samoyad is placed between the Pura and Ob rivers.
- With whom do you think the Macedonian troops fought on the territory of "India", with the ancestors of the Samoyeds?
- The Greeks called everyone living to the north barbarians and Scythians. Regarding the Scythian ambassadors who exhorted Alexander: "Calm down!" (Curtius Rufus), Mavro Orbini claimed that in fact they were Slavic ambassadors. Persian poets later wrote that Alexander fought not with the Scythians, but with the Rus. And in the ancient texts it is quite clearly said that Alexander fought with the Rus and Slavs. For example, the Ustrushans are the Russians living in the estuary of the river; gedros (geth dews) - these are Rus with a prefix meaning military affiliation; the king of Por and his people pores - if you restore the initial "s" - disputes, as the Byzantines called the Slavs. It is no coincidence, but the Poros River crosses the Ob-Tomsk interfluve from Kireevsk to Porosino and flows into the Tom on the left 5 km below Seversk. The name Porosino does not come from the piglet at all, but from Porosya. This toponym is found on the map of Semyon Remezov, created at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. In the light of the Siberian ancestral home and the Siberian Lukomorye, Porosye is originally a Russian land. The center of Siberian Rus was located here.
- Part 2 -