Mach principle
More than a hundred years ago, the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach formulated his famous principle, according to which the characteristics of physical bodies can be determined not by themselves, but only in relation to other bodies. This position was then used by A. Einstein in the construction of his theory of relativity, as well as by physicists N. Bohr, W. Heisenberg and a number of others in their theory of quantum mechanics.
However, unlike Mach and Einstein, supporters of the quantum theory considered the existence of microparticles not in terms of their involvement with each other, but only in relation to a human observer armed with a measuring device. In other words, it was established that subatomic reality exists when it is observed, and, on the contrary, it is absent or is in an indefinite form when there is no such observation, as a result of which the effect itself was called the principle of the observer.
How can one explain such a paradox, in which the act of registering a subatomic process creates the impression of its creation, since materialistic science and common sense itself say otherwise? The point is that the laws of quantum mechanics do not obey the laws of classical physics established by Newton.
So, for example, W. Heisenberg wrote: “Classical physics was based on the assumption - or one might say, on the illusion that one can describe the world or at least a part of the world, without talking about ourselves … We must remember one important thing: then what we observe is not nature itself, but nature, which appears in the form in which it is revealed thanks to our way of posing questions."
Factor of the universe
Despite the fact that the active role of consciousness in classical physics is still not recognized, research continues in this seemingly unscientific and hopeless direction. Some bold and extraordinary thinking scientists went against the orthodox, claiming that consciousness is the same essential element of the Universe as the physical Universe itself, and it is the consciousness of the observer that creates this world, and not only indirectly or nominally, and not only at the level of microparticles, but also at the level of macro objects. The heretical idea, which calls into question the classical concepts in physics, has ended in our time with the appearance of the so-called anthropic principle.
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In the 1970s, it was introduced into science by the English astrophysicist B. Carter, despite the fact that such an idea had long been in the air. It was expressed by such luminaries of natural science as the British philosopher of the 18th century J. Berkeley or the German thinker of the 19th century J. G. Fichte.
Today's calculations have shown that if at least one of the available world constants (Planck's constant, speed of light, proton and electron masses, etc.) changed, then the existence of the physical world in its previous form, including humanity, would become impossible. In other words, man and the physical world correspond or "fit" to each other in the most careful way, and what is primary here still causes controversy among philosophers and scientists.
Arkady Vyatkin, parapsychologist
