The expedition of the "Archeology of Knowledge" to the Caucasus found impressions from the formwork on several little-known "stone houses"
The collected materials confirm the theory of creating dolmens from a plastic clay-sand mass, which several thousand years ago, according to geologists, came to the surface from the depths of the earth. And although modern archaeologists completely deny the possibility of using such a technology in ancient times, the analogies with modern concrete construction are obvious even from a cursory examination of the megaliths.
No tools, no quarries
We found curious traces on the lid and walls of a little-known two-chamber semi-monolithic dolmen in the area of garden cooperatives, not far from the village of Volkonka, Lazarevsky district of Sochi. The lid that once tightly adjoined one of the chambers now lies next to the dolmen. On the edges of its smooth and perfectly even, as if polished, walls, you can see sagging, which is usually formed when the formwork is installed. Exactly the same traces have been preserved on the pyramidal dolmen in the village of Mamedova Shchel, not far from Volkonka. But how is this possible if the dolmens are not made of concrete, but of rock?
Lovpache Nurbiy, Head of the Department of Archeology of the Adyghe Republican Institute for Humanitarian Research, Candidate of Historical Sciences:
“Recently Yu. Sharikov and O. Komissar published a book about how dolmens were molded. They were based on geological data that at that time a clay-sandy plastic mass of approximately 200-degree temperature was squeezed out from a great depth from underground to the surface. In this muddy state, after about two weeks, she froze. This, however, applies only to sandstone dolmens”.
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However, most dolmens in the Caucasus, which raise many questions in terms of the technology of creation, are made of sandstone. Or, more correctly, molded?
On the walls of many dolmens in the Western Caucasus, one can find bas-relief drawings, that is, convex images on a stone, which are technically impossible to make without grinding the entire surface of the stone around them. Of course, this is too time-consuming method - it is easier to scratch petroglyphs on a stone. Unless we assume that the bas-reliefs were sculpted on a still not frozen solution. The “plastic” version can also explain the creation of monolithic dolmens, in which chambers were made only through a hole with a diameter of only 30–40 centimeters. Or, for example, the construction of dolmens from 10-ton slabs, as well as the lack of tools and characteristic quarries.
But could in a relatively recent historical period, the era of dolmen construction, which is considered to be from the 4th to the 2nd millennium BC, the rocks were in a plastic state? After all, these geological processes take millions of years.
Gardens of the Shaitan
Professor of the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences V. N. Kholodov studied the processes of formation and emergence of sandstone of a non-layered structure in the Azov-Kuban elision basin. He came to the conclusion that under favorable conditions at a depth of five to six kilometers in clay strata under the influence of high temperature and pressure, complex solutions are formed, which are squeezed into faults and rush to the earth's surface, like mud volcanoes. This is a clay-sand mass, which solidifies on the surface for several days. Now such eruptions can be found in the west of Turkmenistan. The local population calls them the "gardens of the shaitan". Judging by the remains of shapeless sandstone blocks in many parts of the Caucasus, this happened in our country, only a few thousand years ago.
The authors of the book "Ancient technologies of the dolmens of the Caucasus" Yuri Sharikov and Oleg Komissar, based on this work, as well as their own experiment on dolmen formation, conclude that the ancient inhabitants of these places built dolmens in a similar way. If so, then the issues with the transportation of giant multi-ton slabs and their careful adjustment to each other instantly disappear. And the completion of these geological processes led to the decline of the dolmen culture. After all, later megaliths are completely primitive.
Interestingly, in the Sochi arboretum there is a small modern dolmen made of concrete with reinforcement sticking out of it. The analogy is obvious, although the modern does not tolerate time - he is at least thirty years old, and cracks are already spreading along all the walls. The ancient dolmens have been standing for several thousand years. And it is not known how long they will stand if they are not finally destroyed by people …
PS If the construction technologies can somehow be rationally explained, then one can only guess about the original purpose. However, the memory of this was partially preserved by the local indigenous population - the Circassians. One of them shared his knowledge with us. But we will tell about this in the next issue …
Yaroslav PYTLIVY