So, we do not understand why all the historical buildings in the center of ancient cities are sunk into the ground by 3-5 meters. We are trying to find the root cause: the flood, war, subsidence of the ground … There are practically no materials confirming this or that hypothesis. All evidence of what was happening was either destroyed, or the witnesses to the disaster did not want to tell us about it. Everything that I could find on this issue is presented here.
When do stones burn? And do they even burn? Restoration of the Epiphany Monastery in 1860-64 in Kostroma. Repair after a fire (!) In 1847.
From my point of view, there was no fire. And there was a strong influence from the outside.
What we know about this monastery: The Epiphany-Anastasiin Monastery in Kostroma was founded in 1426 by a disciple and relative of St. Sergius of Radonezh, St. Nikita, who came from the Moscow region. It entered directly into the city limits, being one of the strong points in the system of city fortifications. Initially, all the buildings of the monastery were wooden. Back in the 16th century, the wooden walls of the monastery protected Kostroma on the outskirts of the city. In 1559, construction began on the Epiphany Cathedral, the oldest surviving stone structure in the city of Kostroma. The monastery suffered during the Time of Troubles. At the end of 1608, the detachments of False Dmitry II, led by A. Lisovsky, laid siege to the Epiphany monastery. Despite the defense of the monastery, which was led by monks and monastery peasants, on December 30, Polish troops broke into the monastery,plundered and defeated it. In this case, 11 monks were killed. The further history of the monastery seems to be quite peaceful … But this is just an illusion … In the 17th century, significant restoration work was carried out. The church of the holy Apostle John the Theologian was built in the monastery - consecrated on May 8, 1610 by Patriarch Hermogenes (not preserved). In 1607-1618, a two-story, two-headed Three-Saints Church was erected (not preserved), in the 1920s - a belfry with a temple in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the lower tier (not preserved). In 1642-1648 around the monastery, instead of wooden ones, stone walls with six towers were built, which turned the monastery into a powerful fortress. The walls have survived only partially, the only tower that has survived to our time has been turned into a bell tower. The further history of the monastery seems to be quite peaceful … But this is just an illusion … In the 17th century, significant restoration work was carried out. The church of the holy Apostle John the Theologian was built in the monastery - consecrated on May 8, 1610 by Patriarch Hermogenes (not preserved). In 1607-1618, a two-story, two-headed Three-Saints Church was erected (not preserved), in the 1920s - a belfry with a temple in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the lower tier (not preserved). In 1642-1648 around the monastery, instead of wooden ones, stone walls with six towers were built, which turned the monastery into a powerful fortress. The walls have survived only partially, the only tower that has survived to our time has been turned into a bell tower. The further history of the monastery seems to be quite peaceful … But this is just an illusion … In the 17th century, significant restoration work was carried out. The church of the holy Apostle John the Theologian was built in the monastery - consecrated on May 8, 1610 by Patriarch Hermogenes (not preserved). In 1607-1618, a two-story, two-headed Three-Saints Church was erected (not preserved), in the 1920s - a belfry with a temple in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the lower tier (not preserved). In 1642-1648 around the monastery, instead of wooden ones, stone walls with six towers were built, which turned the monastery into a powerful fortress. The walls have survived only partially, the only tower that has survived to our time has been turned into a bell tower. The church of the holy Apostle John the Theologian was built in the monastery - consecrated on May 8, 1610 by Patriarch Hermogenes (not preserved). In 1607-1618, a two-story, two-headed Three-Saints Church was erected (not preserved), in the 1920s - a belfry with a temple in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the lower tier (not preserved). In 1642-1648 around the monastery, instead of wooden ones, stone walls with six towers were built, which turned the monastery into a powerful fortress. The walls have survived only partially, the only tower that has survived to our time has been turned into a bell tower. The church of the holy Apostle John the Theologian was built in the monastery - consecrated on May 8, 1610 by Patriarch Hermogenes (not preserved). In 1607-1618, a two-story, two-headed Three-Saints Church was erected (not preserved), in the 1920s - a belfry with a temple in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the lower tier (not preserved). In 1642-1648 around the monastery, instead of wooden ones, stone walls with six towers were built, which turned the monastery into a powerful fortress. The walls have survived only partially, the only tower that has survived to our time has been turned into a bell tower.in the 20s - a belfry with a church in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the lower tier (not preserved). In 1642-1648 around the monastery, instead of wooden ones, stone walls with six towers were built, which turned the monastery into a powerful fortress. The walls have survived only partially, the only tower that has survived to our time has been turned into a bell tower.in the 20s - a belfry with a church in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the lower tier (not preserved). In 1642-1648 around the monastery, instead of wooden ones, stone walls with six towers were built, which turned the monastery into a powerful fortress. The walls have survived only partially, the only tower that has survived to our time has been turned into a bell tower.
Bell tower:
Promotional video:
The remaining 5 towers either fell earlier, taking the walls with them, or in the period from 1847 to 1864. In any case, in the history of Kostroma there is a riddle with brickwork burning in a fire and fireproof wooden gates:
I really wanted to look into the past and how it happened that ancient super-strong buildings and structures collapsed. Official science asserts that artists are all a little crazy and tend to over-exaggerate what they see … Only for some reason it seems to me that our historical science is much no longer in itself, and everything is fine with artists. So what did it look like through their eyes? Maybe like this:
Vrubel Mikhail, Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, 1899 (Below is a photo of Tiflis, which looks exactly like this: only this substance will drain along the walls of the castle).
Alexey Kondratyevich Savrasov - Landscape with a church and ruins. 1861.
The sky is like a flying marble
with white blocks of clouds, only an empty air pit
for the indiscriminate connoisseur!
- Nikolai Aseev (1889-1963) - Russian Soviet poet.
Jean Balthazar de la Travers. View of the Neva and the monument to Peter I. 1780 - 1790s
Jean Balthazar de la Travers. Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg. 1790s The whole area is covered with sand?
Jean Balthazar de la Travers. Smolny monastery in St. Petersburg. 1780s - 1790s (Here on the right, if enlarged) an incomprehensible substance flies with a train, the feeling that the artist wanted to convey the speed of a strange "something", a train?):
Jean Balthazar de la Travers. Chesme Palace near St. Petersburg. 1780s:
Jean Balthazar de la Travers. View of Novgorod. 1780s. Here I would like to draw your attention to the strange dumps of sand or clay, overgrown with greenery along the fortress wall:
In 1771, Russian troops took Feodosia by storm; in 1783, Catherine II, with her manifesto, included the entire Crimea into Russia; in 1784 the peninsula was included in the Tauride region, in 1787, during her famous trip to the Crimea, the city was visited by Empress Catherine II. Something strange happens in Feodosia a year later, when his royal personage visits him: Jean Baltazar de la Travers. Crimea. Cafe (Feodosia) 1788:
Jean Balthazar de la Travers. Old Crimea, 1798:
Did it all start in Europe and the rest of the world earlier or later than on our territory? So far, we can only guess … Maybe due to our "hugeness" we got less and not so intensively? It is unlikely - it is enough to recall the fate of our Kremlin in different cities. Most likely, the consequences are carefully hidden from us. Let's take a quick look at Europe through the eyes of artists and photographers.
Jan van Goyen. (Holland) River landscape with a windmill and a ruined castle. 1644:
Jacob Van Ruisdael (Dutch painting). Jewish cemetery, 1655-1660:
Robert, Hubert (Paris 1733-1808) - Arc de Triomphe and Theater in Orange (France):
Robert, Hubert (Paris 1733-1808) - View of the Grand Gallery of the Louvre in ruins:
Robert Hubert (Paris 1733-1808) - Demolition of the Château Meudon:
Valencienne, Pierre-Henri de (1750 - 1819) - Ancient city of Agrigent (Sicily):
Robert, Hubert (1733-1808) - Interior of the Temple of Diana in Nimes (France):
Apparently, unfortunately for historians-scientists photography was invented and it replaced the fantasies of artists. She, too, has been persecuted, retouched and destroyed. But she survived in private collections and does not testify in favor of historical science:
View from the house of Daguerre, Paris. 1839:
Frauenkirche Cathedral in Munich, 1839:
1838. Paris. Hay.
1840. Notre-Dame de Paris (battered, but proud - the turret is beaten off from above, the spire in the middle is demolished).
1841. St. Sulpice.
1843. Boulevards of Paris
1840th. Vein.
Ruins of St. Louis. USA, 1849:
Dryberg Abbey (Scotland), 1844, grave of Walter Scott.
Fountains Abbey (England), 1854:
Cairo 1843:
Tiflis. St. George and Koluban churches in the 1860s:
Metekhi castle in Tiflis (Georgia), 1860s (I suspect that the dating of the photo is incorrect, most likely it is also 1838-1845), the castle wall is visible - is it like a dark spot, and everything else is this substance?
These pictures were taken in 1865-67.
Shir-Dor Madrasah in Samarkand (Uzbekistan):
Samarkand. Mausoleum of St. Sheikh Nuritdin Bashir:
Bibi-Khanym Mosque in Samarkand:
Returning to the story of Russia…. I would like to forgive the representatives of other regions, but even in Moscow it is catastrophically difficult to collect visual material (there are very few pictures of Moscow in 1840-1855). All collectors of photographs are extremely indignant that at the moment on the Internet you can find thousands of views (daguerreotypes) of cities of all continents, even Africa and Australia, but there are only a dozen photographs of Russia earlier than 1852! At the same time, it is absolutely easy to find Russian portrait photographs of the same 1840s. In this decade, in the Russian Empire, thousands of pictures were taken, in the number of photo studios we were ahead of Europe! Moreover, it is known that views of Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities were taken before 1840. I have suggestions that the paintings of the artists of that time were censored.
Manor Petrovsko-Razumovskoe (Moscow-Moscow region), the first half of the 1840s, the facade was beaten, the church too. One of the rarest available photographs of Moscow and its environs from 1840-1852.
The official version: “The last restoration of the western part of the Kremlin wall was in 1858-60 … Between the Troitskaya and the Commandant towers … it turned out that there is no mainland at a considerable depth and that the wall bears traces of numerous alterations. Therefore, it was decided to arrange a new foundation for her strength …, i.e. to strengthen it with an oblique buttress … A plinth of hewn white stone in three rows, 85 fathoms long (~ 181 m) was laid, a new facing was made, 78 teeth were re-folded.
The ceremony of laying and consecrating the chambers of the House of the Romanov Boyars, circa 1858. Emperor Alexander II puts commemorative coins in the foundation place. I don't even know how to comment.
View of the Zemsky Prikaz building from the side of the Kremlin wall, circa 1870:
So, my opinion: during, most likely, more than one century, a substance similar to clay or sand fell on us … Apparently, at times with large inclusions (stones, ice ???), which beat the facades of buildings, and then lay evenly on the ground …..
Unknown artist. View of Red Square. The beginning of the 19th century.
F. Laurier. View of Mokhovaya and Pashkov's house. 1799 year.
G. Laurie. View of the Stone Bridge. Early 1800s.
L. Bischbois. St. Basil's Cathedral. 1846
Artist Bagants F. F. Mikhailovskaya street. House of Count Stroganov 1856-1857.
Barbarian Gate 1790s, watercolor. This sand or clay is very fertile and germinating:
Socrat Maximovich Vorobiev (1817-1888). The barbarian gates of China-city.
Alekseev Fyodor, students “The Second Moscow Series. Nikolskie gates of the Kremlin and Aleviz ditch , 1800s.
Alekseev Fyodor, students “The Second Moscow Series. Nikolsky (Vladimir) gates of Kitay-gorod , 1800s.
Was there a great flood? Probably it was. But even rains and endless floods could pull apart and flatten the layer of sand or clay that fell out. Well, the floods are so by themselves:
For example, according to official information, there were six floods in Moscow in the 18th century: in 1702, 1703, 1709, 1778, 1783 and 1788, and in the 19th century, quite large floods in the capital occurred in 1806, 1828 and 1856. Well, and visual evidence, there are at least two cases:
November 7, 1824 on the square near the Bolshoi Theater. 1824, Moscow, Alekseev Fedor Yakovlevich.
View of the Kremlin from the old Stone Bridge, 1908.
Venice on B. Dorogomilovskaya, 1908.
On Good Friday, April 11, 1908, the water in the Moscow River began to flow and rose by 8.9 meters per day.
Almost 100 kilometers of streets and lanes were submerged. Of the 1.5 million population of Moscow, almost 200 thousand people were affected by the flood, and there were also those killed - mostly representatives of the lower classes, but their exact number was never calculated.
Not included:
Kiev. Andreevsky descent around 1860
THIS "PLATO" is still not built up. And why visually it seems that the church has moved and slightly dried up, and the mound has either fallen, or the road has risen by 10 meters:
View of Kiev, St. Andrew's Church from the Kiselevka side:
Kiev, mid-19th century
Andrew's Descent 1870.
1852 View of St. Andrew's Church from Podil. Photographer Roger Fenton (UK).
1889 year. Podil, View of St. Andrew's Church from St. Andrew's Street.
St. Andrew's Church (Ukrainian Andriyivska Church) in Kiev - an Orthodox church in honor of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called; built in the Baroque style by the architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli in 1754 on the Andreevskaya Gora. Located on the steep right bank of the Dnieper, above the historical part of the city - Podil. Down from it goes Andreevsky descent, connecting the upper city with the lower one.
The construction of the modern St. Andrew's Church is associated with a visit to Kiev in 1744 by Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The tsarina really liked Kiev - its spirit, atmosphere and, not least importantly, warm and pleasant climate. The Empress decided to place her summer residence in Kiev. Not without a hint from the Kiev clergy, Elizabeth orders to build a church on "Andreevsky Hill", and, according to unconfirmed sources, she personally lays the first brick in its construction.
The construction of the church began in the summer of 1749 and was completed at the beginning of 1753.
St. Andrew's Church, after its construction, had a rather complicated history. After Elizabeth's death, in 1761, the St. Andrew's Church was forgotten, and for several years it stood unattended. The temple was consecrated only on August 19, 1767 by Metropolitan Arseny of Mohyla, who ordered the monks of the Sofia cathedra to serve there. The church was very often under. the threat of landslides, severe storms and thunderstorms brought significant harm to it.
In the second half of the 19th century, St. Andrew's Church, for the umpteenth time, was under. the threat of death - the wine became all the same landslides, and in general, the very "complex" location of the church. Thanks to the historian, rescuer and philanthropist Andrey Muravyov, St. Andrew's Church remained safe and sound. It was this man who allocated funds for strengthening the stylobate and for the general restoration of the church.
I would like to end my story unexpectedly. Well, for example, inquire about renaming the river. Gardon (also Gard or Gard) is a river in the south of France. The Gar Department gets its name from this river. Pont du Gard (the tallest surviving ancient Roman aqueduct. Thrown over the Gardon River in the French department of Gard near Remoulant.
Robert, Hubert (1733-1808) - Bridge over the Gard.
It happens: you are looking for information about the area on the Internet, and then suddenly this is the following: Reck-Gar (English Wreck-Gar (wreckage, ruins of an entire French province), in the Russian television version of Channel 6 - Remontnik) - a character of the fictional “Universe of Transformers”, the character of several animated series about transformers. Affiliation - Autobots. The function is the leader of the Djankions. Rek-Gar, like all his compatriots, outwardly resembles a walking heap of rusty scrap metal, an unimaginable mash of spare parts thrown into a landfill, fragments of chassis and pipelines. However, he is an unusually tough and indestructible robot.
On the battlefield, with a direct hit of a laser beam, it will scatter into small pieces, but literally in a second it can literally "rise from the dust" - again gather from its own debris and other debris and immediately rush into battle.
It will be necessary to revise the film … … And lovers of ancient energy take a closer look at Micronus Prime (due to its height (which, by the way, is close to the size of a minicon) contains more energy than four other Primes put together. energy using the Chimera stone).
Optimus Prime (Optimus Maximus Soter (Optim Maxim Soter) - one of the names of the ancient Roman god Jupiter, corresponds to the ancient Greek Zeus, and also Optimus - one of the names of the Roman emperor Trajan). It is clear that nothing is clear, but the thought is entertaining. Someone is there for Peterbilt (bill - to build, for those who do not know English):
Zeta (Prime) is the territory of Serbia, where Raska J is nearby))
Beast (Prime) Beast is a river in Germany and France.
There is a lot of mysterious things in the stories with the Decepticons: Megatron - originally he was designed as a miner for the extraction of energon, but he did not have to work for a long time in the mine - almost immediately his outstanding strength, fearlessness and technical perfection attracted the attention of the organizers of gladiatorial battles [3] … Very soon, Megatron earned himself the reputation of a powerful fighter, which helped to increase his influence on other Mechanoids. Leading the Decepticons, Megatron formed a "close circle" of the most powerful, skillful and experienced warriors around him. For some reason, I recall the uprising of Spartacus. Well, or the rebel Prometheus.
Lag Maximo (a powerful dark transformer) - this is probably this comrade: Magnus Maximus (lat. Magnus Clemens Maximus [1], Wall. Macsen Wledig, c. 335 (0335) - August 27, 388) - emperor-usurper of the West of the Roman Empire in the years 383-388. Although I could be wrong.
Sentinel Prime - according to the movie "Transformers: Dark of the Moon" was the direct predecessor of Optimus Prime as the leader of the Autobots, but later switched to the side of the Decepticons
(Sentinel Dome [2]) - a mountain located in the Yosemite National Park in California (USA). The upper part of the mountain is a granite dome.
Transformers almost always sort things out in the city, against the background of crumbling antique buildings and columns … There is a suspicion that this entire children's fantastic epic is copied from the real characters of the recent planetary war. In general, this is how a picture of Robbert Hubert, painted in the 19th century, can suddenly be reflected in the present. Until we solve the puzzles of the past, we probably won't be able to solve the puzzles of the present.
I wish the fans of transformers to check my suspicions. All of the above information is on Wikipedia and other available sources.
